Law and order in London in the late nineteenth century.

History coursework; .Describe law and order in London in the late nineteenth century. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, law and order in London was controlled by two police forces - the bow street runners and the Thames river police. Things changed 1829 when home secretary Sir Robert Peel shaped the metropolitan police force that was to police the whole of London to this day. The metropolitan police force was initiated for the need of need of a police force that was to cover all areas of crime instead of individual officers being assigned to one element. In the following essay I will exhibit what I believe to be the five main factors of law and order in the nineteenth century - the role of the police, crime solving methods, appearance, public view of the police and the introduction of the detective department. The role of the Metropolitan police force was to patrol the streets, and by doing this order was kept and there was a deterrence to commit crime for the likelihood of being caught. Major disturbances, such as riots and demonstrations were originally intended to be prohibited but ultimately their main obligations were to deal with drunkenness, beggars, vagrants and prostitutes. Law and order in London improved from this because the metropolitan police force were able to police most areas of crime, along with being easily accessible to the public

  • Word count: 657
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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Law and order in the American west.

Law and order in the American west . What can you learn from this source about the Mormon settlement at Salt Lake City? * From source A, I have leant a lot about how Mormons settled in the Salt Lake City. I can see in the picture that they planned out to build houses, schools, shops and farms in a good structure, instead of building them any where. The roads were well built and made equally between each street as you can see from the picture. There are a few great big building at the front of the picture which suggests that they were organised. Industrial factory which probably manufactured the raw materials like metal and wood for the housing, there are also other big building that looks like schools and shops, this tell us that the children were not just wandering around the street causing complete chaos or mischief but were educated by going to school and the adults were employed in factories or shops. The farming land shows that they were total self-suffient and made their own food. Overall the engraving of the Salt Lake City looks peaceful and non violent town. 2. Use this source and your own knowledge to explain why there were difficulties such as those described here in living in early mining towns. * From source B, I have leant that there were a lot of difficulties living in early mining towns. It tells us people were robbed and guns were in existence and this

  • Word count: 1948
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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the assassin

The Assassin She didn't even have the time to scream, as she was in a huge shock. The blood and the flesh were dripping out of her stomach. The masked assassin came towards the body, as the echoes of his footsteps were easily heard. He stopped and tied her to a lamppost; the blood was dripping out of her stomach hastily. Later that night, an old man who was passing by dialled 999 immediately. The police were at the incident as soon as possible and removed the body, with half of the flesh and missing and then started looking for clues. They didn't even find a trace of the victim's murderer. Paul Francis, a detective, thought, "He is no ordinary killer, he's very experienced." The next day, the mayor was talking about a meeting to his on the phone; he told her the time he would leave from the meeting. The detective's secretary Olivia Roberts recorded it all on tape; which was later given to Sir. A. Woodbridge, who then rang Mark Hammond to come to his mansion for a very important meeting. When he arrived, Sir. A. Woodbridge opened up a briefcase with seven million US Dollars and asked Mark, "Do you want it? I'll give it to you in one condition," with a smile on his face. "And what's that?" replied Mark. "It's not such a big job for someone like you. All you have to do is get rid of the mayor," said Sir. A. Woodbridge. "The job can be don ... but not by seven

  • Word count: 838
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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The Crucible

English Coursework: The Crucible Dear John, Before you discard this letter in disgust, hear what I have to say. It may benefit you, and all those near you greatly. You have but one week to make up your mind about this matter and tell court that you did indeed sign in Lucifer's book. To spend your last days in a cell would not befit a man of your standing among the community. Help them see that the court is not here to harm them, but here to help them. By showing me, if not the court, the powerful and undeniably accurate beliefs you have, you have made a marked change in me. I came to this town full of conviction and authority, thinking I "knew" about witches and was determined to pursue them with vigour. Yet, as I look upon those times, I realise that I have less sympathy for the way the witch-hunt has been conducted. I have discovered that my real sympathies lie with the accused and not with the accusers. Even tonight I have heard rumour that Abigail has decided to run away, showing only that she fear the judgement of the town. Only you, in your wisdom and with your unclouded judgement saw that sometimes even the best courts could be wrong. To mix religion and law has brought great grief upon this village, and only you can turn it around by staying alive and showing people that the whole trial is a joke dictated by a few girls and a silly sport that

  • Word count: 435
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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The British Constitution.

The British Constitution The constitution of Britain has traditionally been split between royal prerogative statutes, common law, convention, convention and authoritative opinion. But recent external developments such as the European Union (EU) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) have had a strong influence on Britain. The Royal Prerogative are a set of privileges that the Royal family since the Middle Ages. However, as the power of the monarchy declined, the power was now with the Prime minister and his cabinet. Some of the Royal Prerogatives include the powers to declare war, make treaties, issue orders to armed forces and dissolve parliament. The British constitution is made statutes. A Statute is and Act of Parliament which is a law approved by parliament and is enforceable by the law courts. Statutes can change the constitution, but doesn't have to undergo any special procedures to be made. Some of the most important statutes directly relate to the rights of citizens and how the country should be governed e.g. The Haebus Corpus Act (1679) which stated that anyone who has been arrested must be brought before a court for a just trial and The Devolution reforms for Wales and Scotland (1997-98) which allowed the two countries to have their own parliament. In theory, parliament can pass any law it wishes but because of the membership to the EU in 1972,

  • Word count: 485
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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Relating your answer to unlawful homicide, discuss the major weaknesses in the current law

I am going to evaluate the Partial Defences to Murder, particularly Provocation found in Section 3 of the Homicide Act 1957. This section of the HA '57 Act states that provocation can be '...by things done or said or both...' This is a very broad definition and is possibly too broad e.g. in R v Doughty the persistent crying of a baby. It can be argued that this definition is too broad, as it gives the courts too much discretion in allowing the partial defence. Society has the right to impose certain standards of behaviour on its citizens and such standards should be enforceable. Secondly this in effect places the V's behaviour on trial, this cannot happen in the English Legal System and obviously as they are dead they cannot defend themselves. Finally perfectly natural and reasonable behaviour can in effect be used to partly justify a killing E.g. R v Doughty. This determines the reliability of the law. In the case of R v Cocker it was decided that provocation means a loss of temper. This can create irrational differences as other similar emotions are not covered by defences e.g. fear, despair or as in R v Cocker compassion i.e. it was what is referred to by some as a Mercy Killing. The law seems to be indicating that people who cannot control their behaviour in one way are taking precedent, whilst those who cannot control it in another are not. This partial defence

  • Word count: 943
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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Involuntary Manslaughter

Rudi Harnick U6G2 Mrs Owen Unit 4 Law essay Discuss the criticisms, which may be made of the law on involuntary manslaughter (849 words). A person is guilty of involuntary manslaughter when he or she causes the death of a person through recklessness or criminal negligence. Unfortunately this area of law is not very clear because the difference between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter is so slight. The Mens Rea for voluntary manslaughter is malice aforethought whereas for involuntary manslaughter it is recklessness. The court sometimes finds it hard to decide whether what the defendant did was an intentional act or an accident. It has been said that the law of unlawful and dangerous manslaughter covers an extremely wide area of offences. A person whose unlawful act was relatively minor in nature will be guilty of the same crime as someone whose crime was nearly murder. So even though their wrongdoing is significantly different they will be guilty of the same crime and the same conviction will appear on their criminal records. Many people consider this to be unjust. When sentencing Judges can consider the circumstances of the offence but it has been suggested that it would be more appropriate and just to have different categories so that the level of wrongdoing of the defendant is clear and

  • Word count: 871
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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My Work Experience.

My Work Experience I am producing a report for Mr Webb about my work experience for my English language factual coursework which took place between the 1st September and the 12th September. I had two placements over the two weeks for my work experience. For the first week I worked in Spalding in the Lincolnshire Free Press editorial room and for the second week I worked at Moulton Bulb co. Ltd in the managerial departments. First day in the real working world leaves me anxious and curious. Dressed in my suit I arrived at the Lincolnshire Free Press office half an hour early at eight thirty on Monday 1st September. I was welcomed in the reception by two receptionists who made Mr David Crossely aware of my presence. David greeted me in the reception and gave me a twenty minute tour of the building showing me its different areas and functions. I was escorted to the top of the building into the editorial room where I spent the rest of my week. I was welcomed by nine reporters all who were keen to guide me and assist me when I was in need of help or I had any questions. I was a bit surprised to be given no instructions as to what to do in the case on an emergency such as a fire and I was given no information as to the health and safety issues within the office. This lack of commitment and interest in me being there was dangerous and unfair and I was not satisfied with the way

  • Word count: 1661
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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Police powers

AS Law Student Answers (Module 2568: Machinery of Justice) POLICE POWERS Police officers on patrol believe that a man that they see, Shane, is a suspect wanted for burglary. Outline the powers of the police to stop and search and if necessary to arrest the man. The police have the power to stop and search both people and vehicles in a public place under sections 1 to 7 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). They can only do this if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting Shane of carrying some stolen goods or prohibited articles like drugs or offensive weapons. In Shane's case this can also include articles for use in connection with burglary or theft. However, there are safeguards built in to ensure no one is being picked on or harassed in any way. The police must give their name and station and the reason for the search, otherwise it is unlawful as was shown in Osman 1999 where Mr Osman was found not guilty of assaulting an officer because the officer did not give a reason for the search. Since Shane is on the street, only his outer clothing can be searched and the police must make a written report as soon as possible after the search. Code of Practice A states that the police must not act just because of a person's characteristics, such as their race, hairstyle or manner of dress. Even if Shane had previous convictions for possessing an

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  • Word count: 3561
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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Why didn't the Romans conquer crime?

Why didn't the Romans conquer crime? The Romans were efficient and rational people. Their leaders were ruthless. You might think this would make them ideally suited to the task of conquering crime and yet they were not able to effectively. The Romans did try to stop crime but they just didn't prevent it well enough. They Romans had many laws. All laws were made by the Emperor and the Senate. They were written down in detail, often updated and covered all aspects of crime, from the assassination of the Emperor to everyday crimes such as street theft and burglary, even selling underweight bread in the market. There were also laws designed to make Rome a better place to live in. Laws laid down, that householders had to keep pavements and streets clean outside their homes. Dumping waste in the River Tiber, where drinking water came from, was illegal and so were starting fires. There was great danger of fire spreading rapidly and destroying hundreds of homes. The first recorded Roman laws were the Twelve Tables, which were written down around 450BC. Children learned them by heart at school. In the early years of Rome there was no police force in the city. If a Roman was attacked or robbed, then they had to catch the criminal themselves, with help from friends and neighbours. This often led to more violence. In AD6 the Emperor Augustus set up forces to police Rome.

  • Word count: 935
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Law
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