Assesment of Reading Difficulties in Patient AM Following the Development of Vascular Dementia.
Assesment of Reading Difficulties in Patient AM Following the Development of Vascular Dementia. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Dementia was defined by Cummings et al. (1980) as 'an acquired, persistent impairment of intellectual function with compromise and at least of the following spheres of activity: language, memory, visuospatial skills, emotion or personality and cognition.' Dementia occurs as a series of subtypes, one of which is known as vascular dementia (Brown, 1993). Vascular dementia is a disease which is most commonly caused by impairment to the circulatory system of the brain following damage caused by a stroke (Alzheimer, Scotland., 2002). Vascular dementia is found to be most prevalent in people aged 60-75 years and is more prevalent amongst the male population in comparison to female. Vascular dementia is seen to result in progressive deterioration of the higher functions of the brain for example memory, recognition, the ability to learn new information and fine motor movements (Alzheimer, Scotland, 2002). These changes commonly occur in a stepwise pattern due to the sudden occurrence of strokes. The features common to vascular dementia which characterise the disease include loss of memory and problems with forgetting recent events. The clarity of speech may alter resulting in difficulties in communicating. Patients may become poor at expressing
Introduction to English language.
Introduction to English Language: Basic Concepts & Structures * Contents o Introduction & Outline Structure 2 o Morphology 3 Inflection and Derivation 3 Word Formation 4 o Closed & Open Word Classes 4 Problems of Classification 5 o Word Classes 6 Nouns & Articles 6 Pronouns 7 Verbs 8 Adjectives & Adverbs 9 Conjunctions 10 Prepositions 10 o Syntax 11 Noun Phrase 12 Adjective Phrase 13 Adverb Phrase 13 Prepositional Phrase 13 Verb Phrase 13 o Sentence & Clause 13 Clauses 14 Clause elements 14 Subject 14 Object 14 Verb 15 Complement 15 Adverbials 15 Vocatives 15 Clause Types 15 o Clause Function & Sentence Structure 16 Coordinate Clause 16 Subordinate Clause 16 Adverbial Clause 17 Adjectival Clause 17 o The Sentence 18 Sentence Types 18 Functions of the Sentence 18 Other Sentence Types 19 Structure & Style in the Sentence 20 * Introduction We can study the structure of language in a variety of ways. For example, we can study classes of words (parts of speech), meanings of words, with or without considering changes of meaning (semantics), how
Tabloid Newspaper - The Sun statistical analysis.
Tabloid Newspaper - The Sun Length of words Number of words Tally Frequency Number of words Tally Frequency 0 6 II 2 2 0 7 III 3 3 0 8 IIII 5 4 0 9 III 3 5 0 20 II 2 6 II 2 21 II 2 7 III 3 22 I 8 II 2 23 I 9 II 2 24 II 2 0 II 2 25 0 1 III 3 26 I 2 IIII 4 27 I 3 I 28 0 4 III 3 29 II 2 5 III 3 Total 50 Number of letters Tally Frequency III 3 2 IIII II 7 3 IIII IIII 9 4 IIII III 8 5 IIII II 7 6 III 3 7 IIII 4 8 IIII II 7 9 0 0 II 2 Total 50 Length of sentence Broadsheet newspaper - The Times Length of words Number of letters Tally Frequency I 2 IIII I 6 3 IIII II 7 4 IIII IIII 9 5 IIII IIII I 1 6 IIII 5 7 IIII 4 8 IIII 4 9 I 0 0 1 II 2 Total 50 Length of sentence Number of words Tally Frequency Number of words Tally Frequency 0 25 III 3 2 0 26 I 3 0 27 0 4 0 28 I 5 0 29 I 6 I 30 I 7 III 3 31 III 3 8 I 32 II 2 9 III 3 33 I 0 II 2 34 0 1 II 2 35 I 2 I 36 0 3 I 37 0 4 I 38 I 5 II 2 39 0 6 III 3 40 0 7 III 3 41 0 8 I 42 0 9 IIII 4 43 0 20 I 44 0 21 I 45 0 22 II 2 46 0 23 I 47 I 24 I Total 50 Length of words Length of sentence Word length Frequency (Tabloid) Frequency (Broadsheet) 3 2 7 6 3 9 7 4 8
Outline any differences between Tabloid and Broadsheet Newspapers in terms of word length, sentence construction/readability and the amount of text presented on the page.
Maths Coursework - Read All About It! Plan Aim The aim of this investigation is to outline any differences between Tabloid and Broadsheet Newspapers in terms of word length, sentence construction/readability and the amount of text presented on the page. I shall investigate the following three hypotheses: . There is less variation in word length in articles from tabloid newspapers than in articles from broadsheet newspapers. 2. More text is presented on a page (in proportion with size of page) in Broadsheet Newspapers than Tabloid Newspapers. (Ie. % of text on page) 3. Tabloid Newspapers give an "easier read" than Broadsheet Newspapers (lower reading age) The investigation will attempt to reach conclusions regarding these three specific hypotheses. In investigating these hypotheses a range of sampling methods, presentation of data, and statistical calculations will be used in order to interpret and evaluate the data and to come to a valid conclusion, drawing together all of the data. Each hypothesis will be presented and it will be explained what statistical methods will be involved in drawing conclusions for these hypotheses. In this investigation I shall collect my data from four different newspapers. I shall use two Tabloid newspapers and two Broadsheet newspapers to collect my data. I have chosen to do this so that I can draw accurate conclusions from my data,
"Broadsheet newspapers have a longer average word length than tabloid newspapers"
Contents Page Investigation 1 o Hypothesis and plan for investigation o Word length frequency data tables o Frequency polygon graphs o Analysis of frequency polygon graphs o Conclusion of investigation 1 Investigation 2 o Hypothesis and plan for investigation o Reading age data tables and calculations o Conclusion of investigation 2 Investigation 3 o Hypothesis and plan for investigation o Cumulative frequency data tables o Cumulative frequency graphs and box and whisker diagrams o Standard deviation calculations and results o Analysis of graphs o Conclusion of investigation 3 Final Conclusion Investigation 1 Hypothesis 1 "Broadsheet newspapers have a longer average word length than tabloid newspapers" My theory is that broadsheet newspapers use a more complex style of language. In effect I think this will result in a longer average word length in a broadsheet than in a tabloid newspaper. Both newspapers will have a large amount of short word included in the articles, however, this can not be avoided due to the modern English language. I believe the articles in a broadsheet newspaper will have a higher average of longer words than in a tabloid. Although tabloids do contain some long words it will only be a fraction of long words that the broadsheet contains. I also think that the longest word counted in my investigation will be found in the broadsheet
Read All About It
John Saunders (R) Maths coursework: Read all about it In this investigation, I will be comparing magazines and newspapers. I will compare things such as the length of words in articles and the number of articles in them, as you will see in my hypotheses. I will use several different magazines and papers to try and make my final results a little more accurate, and so I can extend on what I can compare, again as you will se in my hypotheses. Papers/magazines I will be using: Newspaper Details Magazine Details Daily Mirror For Thursday June 27th 2002 Shoot Monthly For July 2002 Daily Express For Friday June 21st 2002 What's on TV For 6-12 July 2002 The TV mag* (Supplement from 'The Sun' - for 6th July 2002) F1 Racing For July 2002 *A supplement Calculations: Throughout this piece, I will be using some calculations quite a lot, to work out certain things which are vital in working out whether my hypotheses are correct. These include: ) X = ?fX ? ?f Mean = The total of (frequency x no. of words) ? The total number of words This equation is for working out the mean average of a frequency distribution. It isn't possible to work out the mean using the normal method in a frequency distribution, because the norm doesn't account for all the measures for all the numbers (in other words, no matter what differences there are in the number of letters
Statistically comparing books
Statistics Coursework I am going to statistically compare two different books. The books I have decided to compare are, The Order of the Phoenix - Written by J. K. Rowling and Nicholas Nickleby - Written by Charles Dickens. I will be taking a sample of words and sentences from each book to try and find a similarity or difference between the two. The Order of the Phoenix This is the fifth book in the Harry Potter series, which tells the tale of Harry's fifth year back at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The series so far has already made author J. K. Rowling into a multi-millionaire. Nicholas Nickleby This is the third book written by Charles Dickens and tells the story of Mr Nickleby who dies penniless leaving his wife, daughter and son to fend for themselves, Nicholas the son, soon finds his own way out of his family's desperate situation by perseverance and good fortune. I have chosen these books as they are both stories about a boy's childhood however they were written in different centuries. From my data I will hopefully be able to see whether there is a difference in the way these two books are written. There are different parts of a novel that I can use to statistically compare a book; I am only going to use word length, sentence length and the number of syllables per word. This should be enough information to see if there is a comparison between the
Consumer responses to wine bottle back labels
Lockshin, Larry Unwin, Tim Source: Journal of Wine Research; Dec99, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p183, 13p, 5 charts Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *CONSUMER behavior *CONSUMERS -- Attitudes *WINE industry WINE labels NAICS/Industry Codes 42282 Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Wholesalers Abstract: Abstract This paper reports on an exploratory study of consumer responses to the information contained on wine bottle back labels. It was based on research conducted with respondents in Australia in early 1999. Its central findings were: (1) that experienced consumers have difficulty in matching the tastes of wines with their back label descriptions; (2) that 57% of the respondents claim regularly to read back labels in making their purchasing decisions; (3) that the information they found most useful in helping them to identify the wines was simple descriptions of the tastes or smells of the wines; and (4) that it is difficult to draw general conclusions about the effects of gender, age, income or occupation on such responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Full Text Word Count: 6158 ISSN: 0957-1264 Accession Number: 2791811 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,url,ui d&db=buh&an=2791811 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=cookie,ip,
Choose some newspapers, analyze their content and style and make comparisons.
Newspaper Comparisons April / May 2004 Task: to choose some newspapers, analyze their content and style and make comparisons. I have chosen to compare a broadsheet, a tabloid and a quality newspaper for readability. My hypothesis is that readability differs across different newspaper types, being at an easier level in tabloid newspapers rather than broadsheet or quality newspapers, and that readability differs across different categories. Plan I plan to do this task in three main steps to simplify and clarify it: ) to specify the problem and plan how to do it, which will give me a clear idea of how to approach the task 2) to collect, and represent, data related to the problem so that I can draw comparisons between the newspapers I am analyzing 3) to summarize, compare, and discuss results in a report My aims are to: - research the readability of a tabloid, a quality and a broadsheet newspaper - to combine my research with appropriate statistical diagrams to present the data I use, - to select samples of data that are as unbiased and accurate as possible. - to analyze my data and find values such as central tendency - to make the report, concluding what I have found Since bias could be difficult to avoid, I will take steps to prevent it. For example, I will choose stratified samples from different categories (since readability is likely to vary between
The Open Box Problem
The Open Box An open box is to be made from a sheet of card. Identical squares are cut off the Four Corners of the card as shown. 10 The card is then folded along the dotted lines to make the box. The main aim of this activity is to determine the size of the square cut which makes the volume of the box as large as possible for any given rectangular sheet of card. . For any sized square sheet of card investigate the size of the cut out square corner which makes an open box of the largest volume. 2. For any sized rectangular sheet of card investigate size of the cut out square corner which makes an open box of the largest volume. We will use a ten-cm square. We are using a square because it is easier to use one variable because a squares width and length are the same. Cut size (cm) Original length Original width Width Length Height Volume 0 0 8 8 64 2 0 0 6 6 2 72 3 0 0 4 4 3 48 4 0 0 2 2 4 6 Therefore we can see that the maximum box area is made from the cut size of 2cms. Now I will try between 1-2 cm's. Cut size Original length Original width Width Length Height Volume .1 0 0 7.8 7.8 .1 66.924 .2 0 0 7.6 7.6 .2 69.312 .3 0 0 7.4 7.4 .3 71.188 .4 0 0 7.2 7.2 .4 72.576 .5 0 0 7 7 .5 73.5 .6 0 0 6.8 6.8 .6 73.984 .7 0 0 6.6 6.6 .7 74.052 .8 0 0 6.4 6.4 .8 73.728 .9 0 0