1.1 Historia ubezpiecze nawiecie i w Polsce

Charakterystyka ubezpieczen finansowych i podstawy prawne ich prowadzenia .1 Historia ubezpieczen na swiecie i w Polsce Poczatki ubezpieczen finansowych siegaja czasów starozytnych, gdy pojawila sie tzw. pozyczka morska (foenus nauticum)1 udzielana najczesciej przez bankierów wlascicielom statków. Zwrot pozyczki wraz z wyzszymi niz zwykle odsetkami nastepowal wówczas, gdy statek wraz z ladunkiem zawijal pomyslnie do koncowego portu. W niesprzyjajacych okolicznosciach, gdy statek ulegl uszkodzeniu czy zniszczeniu, wlasciciel statku nie zwracal pozyczki w ogóle badz jedynie w czesci. Bankier udzielajac jej byl jednoczesnie pozyczkodawca i ubezpieczycielem pozyczki, ponoszac ryzyko utraty kapitalu za cene podwyzszonych odsetek stanowiacych forme skladki ubezpieczeniowej. Na szersza skale ubezpieczenia finansowe pojawily sie w XIX wieku, w okresie szybkiego rozwoju gospodarki kapitalistycznej. Rozkwit wolnej konkurencji spowodowal z jednej strony liczne bankructwa, a z drugiej strony zapotrzebowanie na ochrone przed niewyplacalnoscia kontrahentów. Ubezpieczenia te znalazly zastosowanie w operacjach komisowych, w których wlasciciel towaru skladanego w komis otrzymywal za okreslona oplate (skladke) gwarancje, iz weksel za sprzedany na kredyt towar zostanie wykupiony w ustalonym terminie. Impulsem sprzyjajacym rozwojowi ubezpieczen finansowych byly takze decyzje

  • Word count: 32483
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Liquid chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture to isolate them for further use in synthesis (preparative chromatography) and for identification.

INTRODUCTION Liquid chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture to isolate them for further use in synthesis (preparative chromatography) and for identification. The separation is achieved by forcing the mixture over an immobilised chemical system in a column by means of a liquid solvent stream. The individual solutes in the mixture partition differently between the moving and immobilised phases due to different chemical interactions, and travel at different rates down the column. By the time the mixture exits the column, the solutes are spatially separated and can be collected and analysed. The are two modes of chromatography: normal-phase and reverse phase chromatography. In normal-phase chromatography, the retention is governed by the interaction of the polar parts of the stationary phase and the solute. For retention to occur in normal phase, the packing must be more polar than the mobile phase with respect to the sample. Therefore, the stationary phase is usually silica and typical mobile phases for normal phase chromatography are hexane, methylene chloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, and mixtures of these. The least polar component of the sample is eluted first. In reverse phase the packing is nonpolar and the solvent is polar with respect to the sample. Retention is the result of the interaction of the nonpolar components of the solutes and

  • Word count: 11129
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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maths coursework-Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations

At a Mayfield High School Introduction This investigation is based upon the students of Mayfield High School, a fictitious school although the data presented is based on a real school. The total number of students in the school is 1183. Year Group Number of Boys Number of Girls Total 7 51 31 282 8 45 25 270 9 18 43 261 0 06 94 200 1 84 86 70 TOTAL 604 579 183 The line of enquiry I will choose will be the relationship between height and weight; I will use all of the students in school and begin by taking a random sample of 30 boys and 30 girls to see all the possible relationships. From the total number of students, I will choose 60 altogether. I will then analyse the sets of data I have in order to investigate the relationship between them. I will begin by taking a random sample of 60 students, 30 boys and 30 girls and record their heights and weights. I will choose 30 boys and 30 girls so that both genders are the same and the data I have chosen is fairer. The way I shall take a random sample is to use the random number button on my calculator. All the 1183 students are numbered from 1 to 1183. I will press the SHIFT button then the RAN# button in order to give a completely random number. The number displayed is between 0 and 1 and because I need a number between 1 and 1183, I will multiply the number displayed on the computer by the total

  • Word count: 10674
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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The relationship between height and weight - Mayfield High School.

At a Mayfield High School Introduction This investigation is based upon the students of Mayfield High School, a fictitious school although the data presented is based on a real school. The total number of students in the school is 1183. Year Group Number of Boys Number of Girls Total 7 51 31 282 8 45 25 270 9 18 43 261 0 06 94 200 1 84 86 70 TOTAL 604 579 183 The line of enquiry I will choose will be the relationship between height and weight; I will use all of the students in school and begin by taking a random sample of 30 boys and 30 girls to see all the possible relationships. From the total number of students, I will choose 60 altogether. I will then analyse the sets of data I have in order to investigate the relationship between them. I will begin by taking a random sample of 60 students, 30 boys and 30 girls and record their heights and weights. I will choose 30 boys and 30 girls so that both genders are the same and the data I have chosen is fairer. The way I shall take a random sample is to use the random number button on my calculator. All the 1183 students are numbered from 1 to 1183. I will press the SHIFT button then the RAN# button in order to give a completely random number. The number displayed is between 0 and 1 and because I need a number between 1 and 1183, I will multiply the number displayed on the computer by the total

  • Word count: 10614
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Conduct an investigation comparing height and weight from pupils in Mayfield School.

Noel Modarres Mathematics Coursework In this investigation, I have been given data from Mayfield School. Although the name of the school is likely to be fictional the data itself has come from real students. The data I have been given is for year 7 and year 11 students. There is information on around 170 students for each year. The following are the types of information we got on each student, year group, surname, forename, age, gender, hair colour, eye colour, which handed they are, favourite colour, favourite music, favourite sport, favourite subject, favourite T.V programme, average hours of T.V watched, IQ, height (m), weight (kg), distance travelled to school, Means of transport to school, number of siblings, number of pets, key stage two results for, maths, English and science. From the data I have received I have chosen to conduct an investigation comparing height and weight because I feel there much relevance between ones and height and weight. I have chosen to compare height and weight because I feel I will get clear results and therefore conduct a meaningful and knowledgeable investigation. I will be trying to determine whether ones height has any relevance to ones weight and then I will attempt to find out whether separating boys from girls will show different trends and in general have much difference from the group as a whole. I will first investigate

  • Word count: 10156
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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I would like to know whether there is a link between ability in Maths and in Science in the Year 7, 8 and 9 students at Mayfield High School.

Introduction I would like to know whether there is a link between ability in Maths and in Science in the Year 7, 8 and 9 students at Mayfield High School. My initial thoughts are that there is a link between the two because Maths and Science share some of the same attributes - they both involve formulae, they both require logical ability, and they both use numbers. Furthermore, I think that someone with an interest in Maths will also have an interest in Science, and so will probably work hard at both. Data Collection To investigate this link, I will use the Key Stage 2 results from the Mayfield High School database. There are 813 Year 7, 8 and 9 students listed in the database, so to save time I will base my investigation on a sample of 30 of these students. Bias is anything that occurs when taking a sample that might prevent the sample from being a true representation of its parent population. To avoid bias, I will ensure that my selection of the sample is completely random. To ensure a random selection, I will use a random number generator on my calculator. In the database, the students are numbered from 1 to 813. As the random numbers appear on my calculator, I will record the associated data in two or three tables, once for all 30 students, one just for males and one just for females. I have decided to do this as I suspect that any link between ability in Maths

  • Word count: 9968
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Data from Mayfield high school. It consists of 1183 people, split into 604 boys and 579 girls from the year groups 7-11. The information we've been provided contains a lot of information including: first name, surname, height weight, age, month

MAYFIELD HIGH SCHOOL Introduction For my investigation I'm going to use data from Mayfield high school. It consists of 1183 people, split into 604 boys and 579 girls from the year groups 7-11. The information we've been provided contains a lot of information including: first name, surname, height weight, age, month of birth, KS2 results etc. I have chosen to investigate the relationship between height and weight, as I feel they'll show a good relationship and may influence each other. I will investigate the following statements: * The relationship between height and weight and see how it varies within gender. * Compare the height to weight ratio in terms of body mass index. * Compare the height and weight between each of the year groups. Where the data can be found The data can be found on the school computers (located on the "W" drive, under MY COMPUTERS) I've chosen there sources of information because... I have chosen these sources of information, as the data is continuous and therefore there is a wide range of data and therefore I can make more predictions and hypothesis. The data is also quantative and so I can carry out my investigation even further. The data is reliable because: This data is reliable, as it has been taken from real people and therefore this data really exists and the values are not made up. (Anomalies are taken into account for, and are

  • Word count: 9932
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Mayfield High School

Introduction I have chosen to compare the relationship between IQ and Key Stage 2 Results and my hypothesis is that the greater the person's IQ, the better their Key Stage 2 will be. I will use scatter graphs to represent my data and to find out if my hypothesis is true. For the scatter graphs I will be drawing the lines of best fit, finding the equations of these lines and using this to compare. I will also be using cumulative frequencies and box and whisker diagrams to look at the interquartile range and the median. If my hypothesis is true, I expect to see a positive correlation. Sampling the Database For my whole database I will use stratified samples, where the samples reflect the proportions of the whole population. Therefore, the school is growing and there are more students in year 7 than year 11. This means, there are likely to be more year 7 students in the sample than year 11 students. To ensure that students from different age groups are equally represented my need to take this type of my sample. In a stratified sample my sample values from a particular group in proportion to that group's size within the whole population. An example of a stratified sample in connection to Mayfield High School is shown below. For example, I want to make a population of 60 from the population of 1183 shown below from Mayfield High School. Year Group Number Of Boys Number

  • Word count: 9664
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Investigation on the shape and size of limpets on a sheltered rocky shore called Frenchman's steps beach.

Investigation on the shape and size of limpets on a sheltered rocky shore called Frenchman's steps beach. PLANNING: Aim: To investigate the height and base of limpets at two different vertical heights from chart datum, on a sheltered rocky shore. Introduction: The aim of this experiment is to determine whether there is a difference between the height and width of the limpets, at 2 different points on a beach profile in their vertical range. Limpets are distinctive animals, which have oval shaped shell; with the peak more-or-less near the centre they are best known for their ability to cling onto rocks. Limpets are species, which come from the super kingdom, called Eukaryotea, and followed by the kingdom called Animalia down to the phylum called Mollcusca and finally it is part of the class called Gastropods, (14.4). Gastropods, which are shelled animals with a single large foot that encases the animal's stomach. The limpet has a soft body, with a large foot and a small head with two antennas. They have a brown and white coloration on their shells, which are hard and cone-shaped with a rounded, off-centre point. Special muscles attach the limpet to its shell at the base of the point. The colour of the limpet changes as you go from the upper part of the shell to the middle of the limpet, the underside of empty shells are bluish white with a dark brown centre. Below is a

  • Word count: 8960
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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Mayfield data

Mayfield School Mathematics Statistics Coursework Introduction I have been assigned to complete a statistical investigation around the fictitious data of Mayfield High School, which has data of a real school. I will be completing this investigate for the subject Mathematics: Statistics. By completing the task that I have been set this will help me achieve my aim which is to gain a General Certificate of Secondary Education in this very particular subject. I will be using various techniques that I have recently studied and learnt and captured to produce a successful & efficient coursework. Alternating Statistical Methods will be used throughout this assignment to prove if my hypothesis is either correct or incorrect. Task/Situation I have decided to investigate majorly between the relationship between the height and weight of the pupils and to tell whether or not there is any correlation between them. I will take many actions as possible in achieving pure and efficiently results to meet the needs and requirement of my assignment. To meet my particular aim I will use many statistical interpretations and methods to help me form sufficient conclusions on what I have gained and obtained from the evidence that I will be collecting for this project. My Hypothesis A hypothesis is the outline of the idea/ideas which I will be testing and below are the following hypothesis I have

  • Word count: 8531
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Maths
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