Strength lab
Examining the Correlations between bicep 1RM, Muscle Endurance and Muscle Cross Sections in male and female Sport Students Introduction This Report is aimed at exploring the relationship between muscle size its strength and endurance characteristics. It is based on the results of an Exercise Physiology Lab undertaken by a year Two Eastern Institute of Technology BRS class. The results are taken from subjects performing three exercise tests of the Bicep; the bicep is made up of a long and short head which in conjunction with the elbow and forearm make up the third class lever of the arm. The biceps brachii muscle in flexing provides the effort which is exerted on the proximal radius with the elbow acting as the fulcrum (Marieb, 2004). In producing a one repetition maximal(1RM) the greater the cross sectional area of muscle the increased tension it can develop and greater its strength(Marieb, 2004). That said the most powerful movements can be produced with a well developed motor neuron recruitment patterns, as the more muscles fibres stimulated the greater force that can be produced (Marieb, 2004). This is the bodies' neurological adaptation to new movements and a way of co-orientating the best response to situations(Wilmore & Costill, 1994). It is the focus on this report that there is a correlation between muscle size and 1RM, muscle size and endurance
How does recovery position affect recovery rate?
How does Recovery Position affect Recovery Rate? Introduction Evidence from modular science shows an athlete in a recovery position (page 11). In this position they can take more oxygen into her lungs, because their surface area is increased. However is this position better than any other position. Scientific Explanation To stay alive we all need oxygen. The breathing system is working all the time to provide a continued supply of oxygen to the healthy body. During exercise we need even more oxygen than usual. During strenuous exercise lactic acid is produced by anaerobic respiration. This causes muscles to become tired and they work less efficiently. To make sure this doesn't happen lactic acid needs to be removed by using oxygen to break it down. After exercise you often keep breathing heavily to take in extra oxygen. The recovery position after exercise will also help you take in extra oxygen because in will increase the surface area of the lungs allowing a greater volume of oxygen in the lungs. The surface area of the small balloons together is greater than the surface are of the on large balloon even though they have the same volume of air. These are the results of an investigation carried out by modular science to find out how breathing patterns change during exercise. Activity Volume of each breath (Cm) Number of breaths taken per min Rest 500 8 20 step
Pulse Rates Investigation.
PULSE RATES INVESTIGATION Hypothesis: I think pulse rate can be affected by many things such as diet and the amount of exercise we do. I believe that males will have higher pulse rates than females as they have a larger body mass. Gender can affect heart rate because if you are male, you tend to have more muscle mass than that of a female. Increased muscle mass means that males will have to work harder to produce enough energy for his whole body. He will have to produce more oxygen for his muscles, as they will need more oxygen to function. Because males have more muscles, they need more oxygen to break down more glucose to produce more energy for him to move that muscle. This does happen in females, but not as much as males as tend to have a slightly smaller muscle mass, therefore they won't require an extra amount of oxygen to work properly, as they will not have to work as hard to move their bodies during exercise. People that ran will have a higher pulse rate than people that sat because the muscles in the body will need more oxygen as exercise occurs so the heart pumps faster so that more oxygenated blood will flow to the muscles. Plan: I am going to start by random sampling 30 males and 30 females out of the 109 pieces of data that I have. I will number all of my females and all of my males separately. I will then use the random function on my calculator to pick
World of Dog.
It has long been said that a dog is a man's best friend and it has earned its right to be called that, and it will continue to occupy the place closest to man for another lot of years to come. Man's best friends come in many shapes, sizes, colours and textures because of thousands of years of evolution and breeding. The search engine that I used was www.google.co.uk and this is a screen shot of it. There are a lot of different breeds of dogs; these are just a few examples and descriptions: * Bullmastiff Energy: Exercise: Watchdog: Protection: Grooming: The bullmastiff is gentle and quite, a devoted companion and guardian. It is not easily roused, but once threatened it is fearless. It is stubborn and cannot easily be goaded into action against its will. Some can be aggressive toward strange dogs, but it is generally good with other household dogs and pets. It is good with children, but it may not be playful enough to satifsfy some children. The Bullmastiff needs a firm but loving home. It is not for fragile or timid owners. * Chinese Foo Energy: Exercise: submit opinion Watchdog: Protection: Grooming: submit opinion Chinese Foo are bold and energetic. * Catahoula Leopard They are very assertive and so would need quite a lot fo your attention to keep them entertained. * Dogue de Bordeaux Energy: Exercise: submit opinion Watchdog: Protection:
Anti Diuretic Hormone and its role in the control of H20 in the body in relation to osmoreceptors.
University of Hertfordshire Department of Allied Health Professionals - Paramedic Science, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences. Pathophysiology for Paramedics Module Code 2ANN0003 Semester B 2004 Laboratory Report Anti Diuretic Hormone and its role in the control of H20 in the body in relation to osmoreceptors. Submission date 25 May 2004 . Introduction Roughly 60% of the mass of the body is water, and despite wide variation in the amount of water taken in each day, body water content remains incredibly stable. Such precise control of body water and solute concentrations is a function of several hormones acting on both the kidneys and vascular system, but there is no doubt that antidiuretic hormone is a key player in this process. Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is a nine amino acid peptide secreted from the posterior pituitary. Within hypothalamic neurons, the hormone is packaged in secretory vesicles with a carrier protein called neurophysin, and both are released upon hormone secretion. The single most important effect of antidiuretic hormone is to conserve body water by reducing the output of urine. A diuretic is an agent that increases the rate of urine formation. Injection of small amounts of antidiuretic hormone into a person or animal results in antidiuresis or decreased formation of urine, and the hormone was named for this effect.
Negative effects of exercise Exercise is also known for its vast results with benefiting the aging process and functional capacity
Unit 15: exercise, health and lifestyle Negative effects of exercise Exercise is also known for its vast results with benefiting the aging process and functional capacity. It can increase muscular strength and stamina, increases/maintains bone mineral density preventing osteoporosis, maintains metabolic resting rate to prevent weight gain, improves joint integrity improves balance ad coordination and is even know to reduce the risk of developing colon or breast cancer. For such effects more lifting and movement orientated exercises are needed such as dancing, body building, swimming, etc. Again there are the risks to go with the exercises which could be more destructive with older members of the population. Contusions can occur which are bruises into the muscle tissue, more likely due to the frailness of the tissue, also making strains more likely. Fatigue is possible if the right energy food isn't eaten or if the use of exercise is too intense. Again, due to the age, arthritis and lower back pains would be more likely to be present and therefore call for a great deal more care when exercising. Besides the obvious physical benefits of exercise, it is also known to have various positive effects on the mental health of those who take up some form of exercise. It is praised for reducing mental states such as anxiety, stress, depression, restlessness. It also improves
Design an investigation to indicate how well you make use of oxygen when exercising - how fit you are.
FITNESS TEST Aim: To design an investigation to indicate how well you make use of oxygen when exercising - how fit you are. Equipment: Stopwatch Background Information: When doing vigorous exercise you can't produce enough energy aerobically, because you are unable to produce sufficient oxygen for enough respiration to take place. You have to use anaerobic respiration to produce more energy. One of the waste products of anaerobic respiration is lactic acid. After finishing the exercise you still breathe quickly and your heat keeps pumping quickly so that more oxygen can diffuse into your blood to pay off your oxygen debt and to break down the lactic acid. Once your body has done both of these things your pulse rate will return to normal; your resting pulse rate. Top athletes have a quick recovery rate because they don't produce as much lactic acid. This is because, whilst exercising, they make good use of oxygen and breathe in high amounts of oxygen quickly, and their heart beats rapidly. Therefore they have to produce less lactic acid, meaning less has to be broken down after exercise, giving them a quicker recovery rate. Method: Finding out how quickly your pulse rate returns to normal after vigorous exercise. First you record your pulse rate in beats per minute. (This is your rest pulse rate.) You can do this by counting the amount of beats for 30 seconds and then
Exercise has physical benefits.
What is exercise? Its definition states that it is a lesson, composition, problem or the like designed to increase one's skill, discipline or fitness in some capacity. This definition then leads to what is fitness? Fitness is the ability of a person to meet the demands of the environment. This can lead to exercise taking place to meet the demand specific to one person's lifestyle. Exercise has physical benefits and mental benefits but it also can cause physical and mental concerns for biological scientists and doctors all over the world. Doctors have said that regular exercise and a well balanced diet can allow a person to live a healthy life but the effects of regular exercise may not have much more affect than the effects of a balanced diet. It has been shown in scientific research, that a person who has regular exercise and tries to maintain an appropriate body weight have a prolonged life, also people who take regular exercise in later life are three times less likely to die of natural causes. The natural causes of death are such illnesses as influenza, coronary heart disease, and long-term illnesses such as diabetes. These are all reduced due to effect of exercise on cardiovascular system of the human body.4 The physical benefits that can occur from taking regular physical exercise is that it reduces the risk factors such as obesity.8 Obesity is a severe overweight
Acute Responses to Exercise: Summary Table
Acute Responses to Exercise: Summary Response Definition Type of Response Effect of Exercise The benefit of this response / why it happens How it occurs Ventilation The amount of air breathed in and out per minute. The product of Tidal Volume (TV) x Respiratory Rate (RR) Respiratory Increases To increase the volume of oxygen in the lungs that can be diffused into the blood and transported to the working muscles Greater contraction of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm Diffusion The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs and the muscle capillaries. Respiratory and Circulatory Increased Capacity In order to increase the transfer or oxygen into the blood stream and delivery to the muscle cells. Also, to dispose of carbon dioxide which is produced as a result of the aerobic energy system Caused by an increased surface area of the alveoli and muscle tissue Cardiac Output (Q) The product of Stroke Volume (SV) x heart rate (HR). The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute Cardiovascular Increases So that more blood can be ejected out of the heart per minute and therefore more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles Caused by a stronger ventricular contraction – results in more blood being ejected Blood Pressure The amount
Is exercise bad for you?
Louise Keeley Is exercise bad for you? This piece of coursework is to discuss the possible bad effects of exercise besides the well advertised positive effects. I found that it was extremely difficult to find adverse effects of exercises to be widely published. It is always stated that exercise is a necessity for a healthy and long life in one form or another due to its unlimited benefits. '(1) keeping active helps maintain the capacity to perform activities of daily living and has effects throughout the body. Within the skeleto-muscular system, exercise preserves (and can improve) muscle and bone strength and helps maintain joint flexibility. The increase in venous return to the heart induced by activity stretches the myocardium and causes the heart to contract more forcefully. With regular exercise the heart adapts by strengthening the myocardium; this means that the heart performs less work for any given activity. The increased requirement for oxygen by active muscle cells results in faster and deeper breathing thereby strengthening the respiratory muscles. Activity also promotes peristaltic movements in the digestive tract thereby preventing constipation. In order to gain health benefits, 20-30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per day (i.e. sufficient to moderately stimulate aerobic respiration) is recommended. The type and level of exercise recommended will