History of Gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics combines ballet and creative movements to music, while working with ribbons, balls, hoops, ropes and clubs in a choreographed dance-and-tumble routine. It has a lot more dance than artistic gymnastics. Everything is done on the floor with far different routines and different music. There are two kinds of gymnastics: rhythmic gymnastics and artistic gymnastics. The kind of gymnastics most of us are familiar with is artistic gymnastics. Women's artistic gymnastics includes uneven bars, balance beam, vault and floor exercise. The kind of gymnastics I am going to talk about is rhythmic gymnastics which includes ball, hoop, ribbon, rope, clubs and sometimes floor exercise (I will go into these in more detail later). Gymnastics, rhythmic and artistic combined, started in Europe during the eighteenth century as one sport and over time gradually developed into two different yet similar sports. Rhythmic gymnastics started as an independent competitive sport in the early nineteen fifties by the Russians. Then in nineteen sixty three the first rhythmic gymnastics world championship was held in Europe. Even though rhythmic gymnastics has its own world championships it did not become an Olympic medal sport until nineteen eighty four. This is partly why rhythmic is such a little known and hardly recognized sport in the U.S. In the U.S. rhythmic gymnastics has six

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Types of training.

Types of training There are a wide range of different types and methods of training that can all have different, useful effects. This includes: - * Weight training * Circuit training * Interval training * Continuous training * Fartlek training Weight training This is designed to increase strength. Nowadays, in our local gyms, there is a range of equipment available that can help to increase muscle strength and improve muscle. Whilst using weights, you can either use them in sets or repetitions. A set is the number of times you do a particular weight activity and repetitions are the number of times you move the weights. To increase muscle strength, a programme designed to increase muscle size is required. This uses the principle of overload, which will stress the muscles, gradually making them bigger. Performers also need to do small amounts of repetitions and lots of sets to increase muscle strength. To increase tone, it is the opposite. Other weight training methods are: - * Isotonic- where the amount of weight, moved or lifted, remains constant throughout the movement. * Isokinetic- where specialist 'variable resistance' machines are required and gets the weights to vary as you work at a constant speed. * Isometric- where a contraction is held at a particular point for long periods of time. Circuit training Circuit training is a variety of activities

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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For this action plan firstly I need to asses the week areas of my decathlon and focus on some goals that need to be achieved for me to become an all round good performer.

Action plan For this action plan firstly I need to asses the week areas of my decathlon and focus on some goals that need to be achieved for me to become an all round good performer. This is to improve my current standard so that I can achieve my goal of being classed as achieving a standard of excellence on the national performance pyramid. I have made a testing program of my own that will test the all round areas of my physical state and asses what needs to be done to improve my all round abilities as an athlete. Before I test myself I know that there are certain week areas that need practice in situ, but as it is the middle of winter I can only work on the basis of each event, and then later on I can look at the more technical aspects of each event. The assessment program that I have compiled looks at: * Sprinting speed, * Speed endurance, * Strength, * Muscle balance, * Flexibility, * Explosive power and quickness, * Body composition, * Joint mobility, * Endurance, Under these titles there are a number of tests to ensure that the testing is accurate and that there are no erroneous results that are due to lack of a testing ability. An example of this would be a test that is say plyometrically founded and may be failed due to lack of coordination. This may show me that I have a failing when it comes to my training but not a failing in the sport specifically. For

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Analysing Performance Sport: Kayaking

PE Theory Coursework Analysing Performance Sport: Kayaking Role: Surfing Important Skills Required For the Sport: * Straight Paddling * Sweep Strokes * Eskimo Roll * Hand Roll * Stern Rudder Components of Fitness Required * Cardiovascular Endurance * Muscular Endurance ~ Mainly in arms and stomach * Speed ~ In the arms for fast paddling * Strength ~ Mainly in the upper body; arms stomach and back * Flexibility ~ Required in back and stomach to manoeuvre boat Skill Related Fitness Components Required * Balance ~ To control and manoeuvre the boat * Co-ordination ~ So that things can be preformed at the same time. * Timing ~ So that everything is preformed at the right time to be effective * Speed of Reaction ~ So that things are done at the right moment Out of these skills and components of fitness, I have some weakness' and strengths. I will show these and from these I can make up a 3 week training program focusing on these. My weakness' are: * Hand Roll * Muscular Endurance * Flexibility * Timing My strengths are: * Stern Rudder * Eskimo roll * Speed * Balance From these skills that I am best at and least good at, I will be able to produce a 4 week training program that focus's on my weakness', improves the skills that I am no so weak in but still need improvement, and will give the least attention to my best skills, but I will still

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Sport leadership - planning, communicating and motivating.

Unit 1 Planning a lesson before hand is very important in many ways. There are many things that need to be considered while planning a session. The most important thing is the aim and purpose of the lesson, you need to have a clear idea of what the objective of the lesson is so the students know what is being taught, also the goals that need to be achieved at the end of the lesson. Whilst planning a lesson you need to think of the age group of the student this will help you to know the type and level of warm-up and skills should be done in the lessons. Other factors are how many people, what level there at, where the lesson is taking place and equipment. If these factors are in a plan then you are likely to have a successful lesson. Also to evaluate the lesson so you can improve next time, as there is always space for improvement. I feel I needed to improve on my communication skills. Unit 2 Communication skills include verbal, non-verbal and use of whistle. Whilst teaching a lesson it is important to communicate with pupils in an appropriate manner. When you verbally communicate you need to make sure you Phrase your words clearly and positively. Try to have a basic outline of what you are going to say, you have to think before you use your words so the student know you are well prepared and will not lose concentration. Make sure you speak in a loud voice so all students

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Plan for Two Circuit Training Sessions.

Plan for Two Circuit Training Sessions. In this task I will be planning two circuit training sessions including a warm up and a cool down. The two types of circuit I will be doing are a general circuit and a specific circuit. The Purpose of Circuit Training Circuit training is a good form of training. Each stage of the circuit is set up to work a different muscle group so that when carrying out the circuit you are working the different areas of the body and getting an all round better work out. Depending on how much you want from the circuit depends on motivation and how much effort is put into each stage. Like anything is 100% is put in you will get 100% out. Warm Up Before carrying out and type of training it is essential that you carry out a full warm up to prevent injury. Doing a warm up does exactly what it says, it warms up all the muscles that you are going to use during training and stretches them to make them flexible and able to get the most out of the exercise. A basic warm up is as follows: * Gentle jog to raise the temperature of the muscles and increase the blood flow to get ready to begin training. * Rotations of hips, shoulders, neck and heads to loosen joints and make them more flexible to carry out the exercises. * Light stretching of arms, legs and other ligaments. Should be held for 6 or more seconds to pass the stretch reflex so that you can push

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Essay on Gym's

Essay on Gym's Introduction: Leisure is now the largest component of household spending. And it's growing fast. Private equity firms are huge investors in the area. But with fashion as important as fundamentals, the sector is not without its pitfalls. The leisure industry has been riding a roller-coaster for the past two years. In the UK, the foot-and-mouth epidemic of 2001 devastated parts of the attractions market and some pub and hotel groups. And September 11 took a huge toll on international travel and tourism Quote from: http://www.realdeals.eu.com/?ContentChannelID=13&MenuID=5&ArticleID=28060 On the 22/11/2004 The key point is that most leisure industry spending is "discretionary" ? which means it comes out of what's left over after paying for the essentials. A large proportion of the leisure industry - pubs and restaurants, for example - is heavily influenced by fashion. Other parts of the sector, such as home entertainment, are influenced by new technology Two key factors driving the market are the amount of time people spend on leisure pursuits and the income they have available for discretionary spending, according to Professor Peter Taylor. He is director of the Leisure Management Unit at Sheffield University and, along with Professor Chris Gratton of Sheffield Hallam University, the brains behind Leisure Forecasts. I am however going to discuss the

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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The sport that I have chosen is football. I must include in this piece of work, the fitness exercises that will be used in the circuit and reason for inclusion, the skill activities that will be done

Health Promoting Exercise/Fitness Training Programme Assessment Introduction: For this Assessment I have to construct a circuit-training programme for a particle sport. The sport that I have chosen is football. I must include in this piece of work, the fitness exercises that will be used in the circuit and reason for inclusion, the skill activities that will be done during the programme plus the reason for choosing them, and comments on the organisation, implementation, monitoring and progression. ) Training Programme: Below is a list of the exercises that I have included in my training programme for my chosen sport, football. I have decided to use this type of training method, because it has many advantages, which will help me to raise my level of fitness, thus increasing my performance in my chosen game. It is important to realise that the exercises that I have chosen and that are listed below have been chosen as they are related to the sport I have chosen. The main effects of circuit training are that it improves general muscle strength, endurance, muscle tone and posture. These are happen because of the way that the certain exercises are carried out. Circuit training also increases bone density, metabolic rate and also decreases body fat percentage. I am going to focus on increasing muscle endurance. Aspects of training that I must consider is doing a warm up and

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Describe the physiological changes that occur in muscle when it is trained for endurance - What are the most effective ways of causing these changes?

Mark Halford 330256 Describe the physiological changes that occur in muscle when it is trained for endurance. What are the most effective ways of causing these changes? Exercise Physiology (02 08027) Endurance is "the ability of muscle groups to perform submaximal contractions for extended periods of time" (Zachazewski, 1996). Endurance is compromised of two parts; muscular and cardiorespiritory endurance. Cardiorespiritory endurance is compromised of the cardio and respiratory systems and refers to the body as a whole, usually referred to as the aerobic system. Aerobic reactions become the main source of energy after several minutes of exercise. Muscular endurance refers to individual muscles. The physiological changes in muscle can be categorised by aerobic changes and anaerobic changes. Anaerobic endurance training induces significant increase of ATP, Phosphocreatine and glycogen stores within muscles themselves. The muscle also has an increased amount and activity of key enzymes i.e. ATPase, that control the anaerobic phase of glucose metabolism. An increase in levels of glycogen and glycoltic enzymes help generate high levels of blood lactate. Aerobically trained muscles have a greater blood supply due to an increase in the number and density of capillaries around skeletal muscle, which provides a greater surface area for increased oxygen exchange. The stimulus for

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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Before I started to even design my personal exercise programme, I had to find out my general level of fitness.

Before I started to even design my personal exercise programme, I had to find out my general level of fitness. This is so as I can determine my individual strengths and weaknesses in order to know what I need to be focusing on in the PEP. The fitness tests chosen must be relevant to my sport. Overall fitness in every area is needed for tennis and therefore a variety of fitness tests need to be chosen as I can establish a base from which to determine training loads. The tests can also be used to evaluate whether or not my training programme was successful. The components of fitness are either health related, also known as physical fitness (health benefits maybe gained through improvements in these components), or skill related. Health related factors are physiologically based and determine the ability to meet the physical demands of an activity. Heath related factors include: * Strength * Speed * Cardio-respiratory endurance/aerobic capacity * Muscular endurance * Flexibility * Body composition Skill related factors, also known as motor fitness, are based on the neuromuscular system and determine how successful a particular skill can be performed. Skill related factors include: * Agility * Balance * Co-ordination * Reaction time * Power In tennis, all of the health and skill related components are required to determine a successful outcome. Therefore I need to

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  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Physical Education (Sport & Coaching)
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