Structures and functions of the brain

Osorio, Magaly November 22, 2012 Period: 5 The Brain The brain is very important in our bodies because it controls every part of our daily life, from breathing and blinking. It is located in the head and it has a whitish-pink appearance. It contains about one hundred billion neurons and weights about three pounds. It controls our organs in the body. The brain flashes messages out to all the other parts of the body. All of our thoughts and feelings are also controlled by the brain. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind. It consists of three major parts which are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem. The cerebrum or the cortex is the largest part of the human brain. The cerebrum is divided into four sections which are the front lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and the temporal lobe. The frontal lobe is associated with reasoning, planning, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The frontal lobe also recognizes sarcasm and irony. It is located at the front part of the brain. The partial lobe is located at the back of the frontal lobe and on top of the temporal lobe. It associated with orientation and recognition of a perception of stimuli. The occipital lobe is located at the very back part of the brain. Its main

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  • Subject: Psychology
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Separation Anxiety Disorder V.S. Separation Anxiety

Separation Anxiety Disorder Separation Anxiety Disorder is prolonged, developmentally inappropriate, excessive anxiety, and distress in a child concerning removal from parents, home, or familiar surroundings. ("Free Dictionary By Farlex") This papers purpose is to inform the reader of the symptoms and tips on how this Disorder can be fixed. Separation Anxiety Disorder V.S. Separation Anxiety Many young children suffer from suffer from Separation Anxiety, Separation Anxiety Disorder, however has many of the same symptoms but isn’t the same. Separation Anxiety starts as a baby, when the babe sees that its alone and that mom or dad are not around or even in the same room the baby will start to cry, and scream. As the babe gets older the crying turns into tantrums and clinginess, this usually last till the child is about 4 or 5 years old ( keeping in mind that all children progress differently). The Disorder begins when the child does not adapt to the leavening of the parent or person to whom they are attached to. Common Cause of Separation Anxiety Disorder There are many different causes as to why this disorder can develop. The most common ones would be: Changes in environment- a new house, or school, this can lead to stress which also can cause Separation Anxiety Disorder I children, the stress of going to a new school, having to make new friends can

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Psychology Perception - While playing outside with his friends, A-Rod gets hit in the knee with a ball. Improper functioning of the visual system is the first thing that affected his perception

While playing outside with his friends, A-Rod gets hit in the knee with a ball. Improper functioning of the visual system is the first thing that affected his perception. Objects that are closer to us produce bigger images on our retinas. The size of the ball was kept constant in A-Rod’s mind, even though the picture on his retina changed in size. Shape constancy states that objects viewed from different angles will produce different shapes on our retinas, but we know that the shape of the object remains constant; this is the case for A-Rod. The final contributor to how vision affected his perception would be that we perceive objects as being a constant color even as the light reflecting off the object changes. A-Rod may be used to playing ball at night which changes the color of the ball and so when daytime came around, the ball itself was a foreign object to him. As day comes the ball will look more vibrant. But we know that the color is always white or black even though it may not look like so in our retina. Binocular cues are tricks we use to see depth using both your eyes during perception. Retinal disparity states that since we have two eyes, so the brain gets two images. The more similar the images are between the two eyes, your brain will assume the object is farther away. The more of a difference the images are between the eyes, you brain will assume the object

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Learning Theory of attachment

An attachment is a close emotional bond with another person, a close fondness or love for that person and a desire to spend time with that person. One prominent theory of attachment in the study of human attachment is the learning theory, put forward by behavioural psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov. Learning theory and the psychodynamic approach are called the 'cupboard love' theories of attachment in psychology. The basic principle of the learning theory is that all behaviour is learned as a result of either classical or operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, developed by Ivan Pavlov, suggests that there is always an innate reflex to an external stimulus. Pavlov studied classical conditioning in dogs by carrying out an experiment where a bell was sounded in the presence of dogs just before food was presented. This was done so that the dogs would associate the sound of the bell with the presentation of food. After this had been carried out several times, the dogs began to salivate in response to the bell alone, suggesting that classical conditioning had taken place. This theory can be applied to humans as the person providing the food for a baby or infant becomes associated with food in the same way that Pavlov's dogs associated the sound of the bell with food. Also, the stimulus of food produces a pleasurable response of the infant, because its needs are

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Research Methodology

Research Methodology Paper Donna L. Stefanick Psych 535 February 7, 2011 Dr. Frances Kelley Research Methodology Paper Research methods are a variety of techniques that people use when studying a give phenomenon. Research methods are well thought out and planned, scientific based and value neutral. This means that in order to have good research methods, a researcher must design the research in a way that maximizes the accuracy of the results. Research methodology is the framework used to study and compare different approaches of individual methods. Multicultural research, or sometimes called cross-cultural research, focuses on uncovering an individual's behaviors that are impacted primarily by cultural influences. It is designed to examine human behavior and test hypotheses about the influences of behavior and culture. The ability to conduct multicultural research is becoming more of a challenge for researcher as the United States becomes more culturally diverse. For researchers to conduct competent research, they need to consider how culture may influence areas like definitions of concept and methodological issues. Researchers need to consider how things like sampling, recruiting participants, developing and/or translating the instruments, and disseminating findings are affected by culture, race and ethnicity. This paper will compare and contrast the variables

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Interpersonal Relationships

Running head: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Interpersonal Relationships Jason Hruby July 4, 2009 Abstract This paper analyzes elements of interpersonal relationships, including attraction, intimacy, and aggression. The paper begins with an operational definition of interpersonal relationships, and then examines the concepts of familiarity, similarity, and reciprocity as they relate to attraction. The paper continues with an explanation of the concepts of interdependence, attachment, and belonging as they relate to intimacy, and concludes with an analysis of cognitive theories related to aggression and antisocial behavior. Interpersonal Relationships Social psychology builds on the essential interactions of individuals in social contexts. According to Fiske (2004), the interpersonal self consists of those aspects of the individual that participate in face-to-face, relational roles that fulfill socially defined positions, and provide common prescriptions for behavior. Interpersonal relationships form the bridge between pairs of individuals, and the cognitive, affective, and behavioral ways in which they interact. It is important to study individual pair-relationships as a precursor to individual group-relationships, which are typically built from them. The roles that form the basis of interpersonal relationships arise from cultural and intercultural common grounds.

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Ethical Issues in Psychology

Over time, many psychological studies have taken place, some of which have resulted in the investigation of various ethical issues. Milgram's 1963 obedience experiment is certainly one criticised by psychologists such as Baumrind. In 1963 Milgram advertised for people to join his "study of the memory" through the local press. Milgram informed paired participants that one would be a student, and the other would take on a teacher role. The student, who was actually an actor, was put into a small room, where he had to answer questions. If the student provided the wrong answer to the question they were given an electric shock, each wrong answer would see an increase in electrical current and more violent shocks, at one point the student would complain repeatedly of heart palpitations. Whenever the participant playing the role of the teacher said they did not want to carry on with the experiment, the person in authority told them they had no choice but to proceed. The majority of teachers continued to question and shock their students, and completed the experiment despite cries for mercy and screams of pain. Upon completion of the experiment the teacher was reunited with the student once more, the situation became apparent that, they had in fact been fooled into thinking this was a live study, but in reality no one had been electrocuted and the distress was a just a

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Psychology - conformity

Independent Conformity. Jenness was the first person to study conformity, his experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans. He asked people individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained, then put the group in a room with the bottle, and asked them to provide a group estimate. He then interviewed the subjects individually again, and asked if they would like to change their original estimates, or stay with the group's estimate. Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the group estimate. The aim of my study is to see if individual estimates are influenced by the estimates of others. The independent variable of this study is what estimates the participants see, either condition A or condition B (High estimates or Low estimates). The dependant variable of this study is whether or not the independent variable affects what the participants estimate. I predict that the independent variable will affect what the participants estimate in the following ways: * If the participants see the High estimates, their estimates will be higher. The High- fake estimate sheet will consist of 5 fake estimates: 700, 670, 800, 731, and 950. * If the participants see the Low estimates, their estimates will be lower. The Low- fake estimate sheet will consist of 5 fake estimates: 400, 470, 550, 342, and 535. I will also create 5 estimate sheets with no

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Psychology Essay

Psychological disorders are a part of abnormal behavior which scientists have yet been able to completely comprehend nor understand. However, they have discovered that anxiety plays an key role in the onset, and continued existence, of these disorders. With continued study and research, scientists have been able to classify different disorders in separate, distinct categories which makes it easier to treat and hopefully understand what the underlying causes of these disorders truly are; eventually leading to a cure. The first major classification of these disorders are the Anxiety Disorders which are "characterized by high levels of anxiety accompanied by patterns of ineffective, maladaptive behavior" (Smith 570). These disorders were once commonly referred to as neuroses, but that term is not used as frequently. These common disorders are classified into four different types, the first being Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Here the person "feels anxious and apprehensive, has a sense of impending disaster, and believes he is falling apart or losing control"(570). This disorder is sometimes difficult to diagnosis due to the fact that its symptoms closely resemble depression and other disorders. The second Anxiety Disorder is Panic Disorder which is "marked by the occurrence of panic attacks - sudden, severe states of anxiety so extreme that the individual is unable to

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The Psychodynamic Approach.

The Psychodynamic Approach The first man who began to study the Psychodynamic Approach was Sigmund Freud. When you talk about the Psychodynamic approach you can consider it as focusing on the role of internal process in shaping personality. As Robinson (1979) stated, concerns about motivation are always linked together with the psychology of personality. According to this, psychoanalysis is both a theory of motivation and a theory of personality. However, who was this Freud and what did he do to be this famous? Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was born in Moravia in the Czech Public. He lived in a middle class family and was the eldest of eight children. He studied in Vienna and most of his life he spent in this town. Later on he became a doctor and during that time he learned about hysteria disorders and techniques of hypnosis. These two were to play a big role in his career. Soon he became more specialized in neurological disorders and became a leading figure in the area. Freud became famous for his writings on psychoanalysis. In 1919 he granted the title of professor at the University of Vienna. Later on in his life he underwent a series of surgeries for cancer in the jaw. He died in London in 1939 at an age of eighty-three. Freud has become one of the most famous psychologists of all time. One of Freud's most fundamental assumptions, Physic determinism, was partially based

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