Lucian Freud Biography
Lucian Freud Biography It is extremely rare to be living in the time of a historically great artist, as the standard measure for artistic fame is generally connected to an artist's death or demise. With Lucian Freud, however, we have one of the greatest painters of all time alive and well, living, in a sense, a dual existence. His first existence is that of the retrospective, with exhibitions continually exploring his life's work as a delimited body, art as art, removed from life. The second is that of vibrancy and celebrity, with Freud's each and every move documented, explored, and publicized. In other words, his life epitomizes both stasis and movement, a concept central to Freud's complex struggle with the ultimate portrayal of human flesh. Lucian Freud was born in Berlin on December 8, 1922. Ernst, his father, was an architect and the youngest son of the esteemed Sigmund Freud, one of the central figures in the birth of modernity and in the scientific analysis of internal subjectivity. Livings in a non-practicing Jewish family surrounded by bourgeois comforts, Freud's early years were simple and untroubled, with plenty of time for his active imagination to wander freely (see Chimneys on Fire, 1928). When Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933, though, Ernst and wife Lucie knew it was time to leave, and the family relocated to an attractive neighbourhood in
Ethical issues of deception in psychological research:
Ethical issues of deception in psychological research: Ethical issues are a major area for concern in psychological studies, and that in some way or another ethical guidelines are compromised. Deception is one of the most controversial aspects in psychological research. The definition of the word deception is not always clear and is defined differentially by different people. An example of this is Hey (1998) who pointed out that 'there is a world of difference between not telling participants' things and telling them the wrong things'. On the other hand Adair, Dushenko and Lindsay (1985) define deception in psychological research as: the provision of information that actively misleads participants regarding some aspect of the study. Christensen (1977) defines deception in psychological research as an explicit misstatement of fact. For the purpose of this essay I am going to use the definition of deception cited in the Oxford English Dictionary. Here it defines deception as untruthful, misleading and dishonesty. The first reference to the ethics of deception to have appeared in psychological research is credited to W.E. Vinacke in his 1954 American psychologist article entitled 'Deceiving Experimental Subjects'. In that article he raised the question of the 'proper balance between the interests of science and the thoughtful treatment of research subjects' (Korn, 1997).
Critically evaluate Nancy Chodorow's theory of the origins of gender identity in childhood. In what ways does the theory adapt the classical Freudian ideas of the importance of fathers in the 'Oedipal Stage' in a child's development?
Critically evaluate Nancy Chodorow's theory of the origins of gender identity in childhood. In what ways does the theory adapt the classical Freudian ideas of the importance of fathers in the 'Oedipal Stage' in a child's development? In this essay I shall attempt to show the ways in which psychoanalytic feminist, Nancy Chodorow views the origins of gender identity in childhood and the ways in which she adapts the classical Freudian concept of the 'Oedipal' stage in the development of children. To do this I will first give a brief overview of Freud's original beliefs of the development of identity. I will then look at Chodorow's account of the formation of personality and gender in children in an endeavour to find in what ways Freud's early psychoanalytic works have been adapted in recent years. Freud's theory of gender development asserts that a child's awareness of the differences in boys and girls' genitals is of central importance in the development of gender identity. At first, the development of boys and girls is similar; both focus their love on the person who spends most time with them - the mother. Around the age of five, boys become aware that they have a penis and girls that they do not, and this leads to their developing a fantasy involving their genitals and their parents, as a result of which they come to identify with the same-sex parents. In the Oedipal
Discuss one or more theories of Moral Understanding and evaluate its conclusions.
Discuss one or more theories of the development of moral understanding and evaluate its conclusions. The term morality, according to Shaffer (1993) means "a set of principles or ideals that help the individual to distinguish right from wrong and to act on this distinction. Morality is important to society, as it would not function effectively unless there is some agreement of what is right and wrong. There are many underlying processes and environmental factors, which limit or promote social, cognitive and moral development in children. In modern society, television could be considered to be one of the major influences on a child's moral development. There are three approaches to moral development; the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach and the social learning theory. The Cognitive-Developmental approach of Piaget and Kohlberg studies how children become more able to reason morally and make moral judgements, whereas the Freud's psychodynamic approach is more concerned with the development of the conscience and moral feelings such as guilt and anxiety. The social learning theory of Bandura and Mischel investigates the development of moral behaviour and how role models in the family, society and the media, influence it. The theory I am going to discuss is Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Approach. His theory of moral development is concerned with how
Psychodynamic Theories
Annie Hou IB psychology Psychodynamic Theories What is it to be human through the lens of psychodynamics? Most psychodynamic came in the idea from the development of a early life of childhood, which are in some part of the unconscious. Evolutionists have recognized that evolutionary psychoanalysis have a big gap between psychoanalytic theory and the extrospective biological and social sciences. As for their methods, they observed more closely in perspective's contributions and it become very important in psychodynamic theory to the study of psychology. For psychodynamic considerations there are four main topics. Reductionism, falsifiability, universality and retrospective accounts and fallible memories. As Reductionism is the idea to explain the behaviors of human reducing the way of explaning the psyche function of psychodynamic. It is often in literary psychobiographies, which explains the behavior of some famous person but it cant hurt anyone, except it might ruin the persons reputation on the subject. Fasifiability it's " theory that is impossible to disconfirm in principle is not a scientific theory, which you can't prove it." (Tavis & Wade, 2000) This made many of the psychologist theories being disconfirmed, so they only depends on the popularity of their proponents than on their content. Universality is what involved with everyone. An example, "if a gay man goes
Compare chapter one of "My family and other animals" with that of "Cider with Rosie" how effective do you consider these as opening chapters?
Amy Kember 11G Compare chapter one of "My family and other animals" with that of "Cider with Rosie" how effective do you consider these as opening chapters? The opening chapter of 'Cider with Rosie' and 'My family and other animals' are written with very different approaches. 'Cider with Rosie' begins with Laurie Lee's earliest memory, and already in the first paragraph, we learn his age, what's going on and how he feels about it. 'Cider with Rosie' is written from the perspective of a three-year-old, whereas Gerald Durrell is writing his account of family life from an older child's view, taking a more analytical and realistic view on life. As a child Laurie Lee looks upon everything in awe and amazement, especially his new surroundings: "The June grass, amongst which i stood, was taller than I was, and I wept. I had never been so close to grass before. It towered above me and all around me, each blade tattooed with tiger-skins of sunlight." In the first chapter of his autobiography, Laurie Lee introduces us to his large and loving family, who have moved into the country, and are settling into their new found rural life. In Gerald Durrells 'My family and other animals' he introduces his family, as Laurie does, but in not such a loving way, Durrells family are clearly not as loving and fond of each other as Laurie Lee's family are. In Durrell's similarly large family,
Agression Is a Part of Human Nature
Aggression Is a Part of Human Nature by John Kim Aggression is something that you see everyday from turning on the television to watch the daily news to playing one of your favorite video games. This is something that is a part of human nature and will always be a part of our social life. There are many influences in our society and within us that can make aggression arise more frequently. These are genetic influences, neural influences, and biochemical influences. Some influences on aggression are believed to have been passed down from generations (Myers, 749). This is believed to make an effect on future generations, therefore, inheriting certain traits, one of which could be having a bad temper. For example, when we look at animals to refer to this concept many think of canines that have been specifically bred to be aggressive. Is it possible that over many years of training an animal to act this way that this trait will continue on for generations to come? Neural influences suggest that brains have systems that when they are triggered, can produce aggressive behavior. There is not a specific area in the brain that controls aggression (Myers, 750). There is a neural system that when provoked, it will create aggression. It is believed if this system, located at the frontal lobe, is damaged it could make aggression more likely. Recently, a study has been determining
A Bully
A Bully By Any Other Name: Is Relational Aggression a Gender Issue? Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that gender plays on bullying. It was predicted that girls were bullies just as much as boys were. Also, that girls bullied differently, girls used mental and social type bullying tactics such as name calling whereas boys were more apt to use more physical tactics. Finally, it was theorized that girls were more likely to engage in relational aggression. However, during the course of this study it was found that girls were not more aggressive than boys are. Also, boys were found to use mental and physical tactics more than girls according to the statistics in this study. Overall, it was found that boys were more likely to be the aggressor, rather than girls that was assumed in the beginning of the study. Introduction In the present paper, the role gender plays into bullying is investigated. It is hypothesized that girls are bullies just as much as boys are. Furthermore, it is also hypothesized that girls are more apt to use mental and social bullying tactics (also known as relational aggression), whereas boys use more physical type aggression tactics. In conclusion, it is theorized that girls are more likely to engage in relational aggression than boys. The APA Briefing Sheet on Bullying defines bullying as aggressive conduct which is
Different Theories and theorists in Human behaviour
Different Theories and theorists in Human behaviour Introduction: As a member of the public information team I have been instructed to produce an information sheet that could be in use to the BTEC National diploma in Public Services. The information sheet will identify various aspects of the study of human behaviour and explain how an understanding and knowledge of this subject would be useful to a member of the public service. The information provided in this information sheet will be: The main features of four different approaches to psychology: * Humanist, * Behaviourist * Cognitive * Psychoanalytical Making reference to the different theorists and theories to each approach, the psychologists I will be examining are: * Maslow * Rogers * Skinner * Freud Furthermore I will be explaining how each approach might be useful for explaining certain behaviours encountered within three public service: * Police * Fire Service + * Military This will also include an assessment of my own personality type. Psychology is the study of human behaviour and what makes people do the things they do. * Behaviourist - classical and operant conditions * Psychoanalytical - analysis development of humans and puts them into categories in different stages of their life. * Humanist - Someone who believes that human beings want to do well. * Cognitive - Study of our thought
Freud wrote that the case study of Little Hans provided support for his theory of sexuality. Outline two pieces of evidence from the study that support Freud's theory of sexuality.
Freud . Freud wrote that the case study of Little Hans provided support for his theory of sexuality. Outline two pieces of evidence from the study that support Freud's theory of sexuality. 2. The study by Freud contains the following extract of a conversation between Hans and his father. Father: When the horse fell down did you think of your Daddy? Hans: Perhaps. Yes, it's possible a. What was Hans' father trying to find out with this questioning? * He was trying to find out if the horse reminds him of his father. b. Give one problem with this type of questioning. * It is called leading questions. He is putting words in his mouth. The subject is vulnerable and also seeks approval from his father, therefore he agrees. 3. The study by Freud is an example of "action research" where the researcher collects evidence at the same time as attempting to bring about a change in the situation. Using the case study of Little Hans as an example, give two problems with conducting action research. * The case seems to be both scientific evidence and treatment, these should be separated, because you can't treat what you are investigating, how can it remain unchanged to be investigated. * You can't generalize from action research; you can often make claims only about the people and/or organisation actually studied. It may not be the case to assume that other people or
