"Entertaining, but of little relevance to the study of international relations". Discuss this proposition in relation to the writings of Freud.
Paul Kirby IR200 Essay Two "Entertaining, but of little relevance to the study of international relations". Discuss this proposition in relation to the writings of Freud. Sigmund Freud remains a figure whose influence it is hard to over-state. While many of his ideas in the field of depth psychology, a field he largely created, have been compromised and challenged over the course of the 20th century his influence remains palpable. We continue to use terms that Freud originated almost unthinkingly - concepts of frustration, aggression, guilt, anxiety, projection, defence mechanisms and the unconscious remain dominant. Few of Freud's writings touch on matters of direct interest to international relations but those that do have not only provided compelling arguments on the origins of war, society and violence but continue to be of importance. Civilization and Its Discontents [which was itself an expansion of Freud's paper Future of an Illusion] and Freud's brief correspondence with Albert Einstein on Why War? form the basis for most of these arguments. Works like Totem and Taboo are more relevant to sociology and anthropology but are from the same period of study and so are guides to Freud's thinking. Freud provides highly complex and complete explanations not only for human nature and its predisposition to violence but also for how civilisation monopolises legitimate
Outline the form and features of a typical classical concerto first movement.
Outline the form and features of a typical classical concerto first movement Caroline Bruce A typical concerto first movement would be written in sonata form, for a soloist and orchestral accompaniment. Sonata form is composed of three sections in an ABA sequence - Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. Often a sonata form movement would use a codetta (or coda) to finish it off, and would sometimes include a cadenza. A concerto exposition is written to be repeated - but unlike a symphony sonata, where the exposition is simply repeated, in a concerto, the first time through is only the orchestra playing, and the second time through the soloist joins in and elaborates.. The soloist will repeat themes that the orchestra have played in his or her exposition, but will also use new themes, just as the orchestra will use some themes that the soloist doesn't imitate. These themes are called ritornello. In this way, the soloist and the orchestra will work together, using antiphony and imitation to create a successful atmosphere for the piece. The exposition will usually be composed of a first group (in the tonic key) and a second key (in the dominant, if major, or the relative major if in a minor key to start). The orchestral exposition would give the outline or the skeleton of the themes and the piece, and then when repeated by the soloist, they would change keys and give
Anti-social Behaviour Coursework
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND AGGRESSION. > Antisocial acts are those that show a lack of feeling and concern for the welfare of others (Baron and Richardson1994) > Aggressive behaviour is viewed as the most disturbing form of antisocial behaviour. > Aggressive behaviour can subdivided - * Antisocial aggression - All behaviour that is intended to inflict physical or mental harm on an individual who does not want to be so treated - (Penrod 1983) * Pro-social aggression - Police action * Sanctioned aggression - Self defence * Aggression can be overt behaviours or covert feelings that are not always acted upon. > Societies need people not to behave in an antisocial way - therefore laws, sanctions, police, and rewards. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGGRESSION - SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - BERKOWITZ (1989) and BANDURA (1965) Most behaviour (including aggressive behaviour) is learned. It is claimed that aggressive behaviour is learned either through direct experience or by observing others. Learning by direct experience - If a child pushes another child and as a result gets something they want, the action is reinforced and is more likely to occur in similar situations in the future. (Skinner - Operant reinforcement) Learning by vicarious experience - observational learning occurs when a child sees a role model behaving in a particular way and reproduces that behaviour.
Uncovering the Defense Mechanisms in the Maya Epigraphy
Uncovering the Defense Mechanisms in the Maya Epigraphy D. Michele Ellis-Thomas A.T.R. Independent Study-Archeology Research Paper Introduction; This is a pilot study reviewing the psychoanalytic interpretation of some of the Maya symbolism in the epigraphy in order to determine the state of psychological development in a very general sense. For this reason, this study is hoped to be expanded upon by the professionals with the appropriate academic background to enhance any validity or non-validity of the initial interpretations. The Purpose of the Study: Much of the psychological and psychiatric literature on the topic of graphic depiction correlate to the age at which the individual experiences a developmental stage. Many individuals do not believe in stages as such due to the fact that stages imply a beginning and an ending. Development in the individual is more and likely to be re-experienced over time, due to the fact that in theory resolution is never really found as human nature re- examines most aspects of life throughout his life. There are considered to be five developmental stages in psychosocial development: the oral, anal, oedipal, latent stage and genital stage. This paper initially anticipated dealing with all of them and subsequently the author decided to focus on the oral stage symbolism and the graphic depiction one would find within this area in the
Dostoevsky and Maslow
Sarah Medley Psychology 101/ Feres Short Paper #1 27 September 2010 Dostoevsky and Maslow: Needs in Life, How They Are Prioritized, and the Exceptions Dostoevsky has written, "Without a clear perception of his reasons for living, man will never consent to live, and will rather destroy himself than tarry on earth, though he be surrounded with bread." (The Grand Inquisitor) With indirect opposition, Maslow's idea on these needs is stated in his quote, "A person lacking food, love, and self-esteem, would most likely hunger for food more strongly than anything else." A number of instances stand as evidence to both Maslow and Dostoevsky's statements. First let us look at the claim Fyodor Dostoevsky has made. The Bible also has three references for a very similar idea. Scripture has expressed, in Deuteronomy 8:3, Matthew 4:4, and Luke 4:4, that 'Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.' (The Bible) All individuals have accepted the Bible as truth would feel this way and therefore approach life's needs as Dostoevsky. The act of fasting is also an example of how Fyodor's statement might come into play during an individual's life. Another group of individuals who might be observed to follow the Dostoevsky idea would be those who are suffering from serious mental disorders. A loss of regular and proper diet is a symptom of severe
Learning Revision Notes. Important terms and major experiments
Learning Revision Notes Learning Is a relatively permanent change in behavior which is due to experience Classical Conditioning A form of learning in which an automatic response becomes associated with a previously unrelated stimulus Ivan Pavlov (1990s) Studied dogs The dogs began salivating every time they heard the researchers' footsteps. Salivation is a REFLEX response; it occurs automatically when an animal smells food but Pavlov found that the dogs associated the sound of footsteps to the arrival of food because the two stimuli had occurred together so many times. He figured that he could get his dog to respond to other things too. So, he conducted an experiment. Everytime the food arrived, Pavlov ringed the bell. Eventually he took away the food and only rang the bell. He found that the dog still salivated. Unconditioned stimulus: food Unconditioned response/ natural reflex action: salivation Conditioned stimulus: Bell Conditioned response: Salivation John Watson and Rosalind Raynor (1920) 'Little Albert': created ethical concerns. They intended on extinguishing his fear but the boy was taken away before they could. Unconditioned stimulus: loud noise when metal bar struck Unconditioned response/ natural reflex action: fear Conditioned stimulus: white rat Conditioned response: fear Little Albert was not initially scared of the white rat but when the
Obedience is not an obligation its a choice. Being obedient is not giving up your power or opinion, its humbling yourself to agree with a superior figure.
Taking on the obedience trait is a personal decision. By choosing to be obedient, one is gifted with trust, respect, and reliability. Honoring and maintaining obedience to God is what motivates me to become the best person I can be. Obedience, in human behavior, is the quality of being obedient, which describes the act of carrying out commands, or being actuated. Obedience differs from compliance, which is behavior influenced by peers, and from conformity, which is behavior intended to match that of the majority. It is important to enforce obedience young. Children that are rebellious don't understand the value of having a figure of authority that cares enough to guide them into a positive adulthood. Once a child begins school, they will be forced to deal with rules and consequences. Parents that allow their children to have the upper hand at home and have not enforced rules make teacher's jobs much more difficult. Disobedient children generally are immature, unruly, rebellious, lacking in manners, and are disrespectful. The most likely outcome is the self destruction that disobedient people endure. As you get older, being obedient is the inevitable (that is, unless you're the Queen of England and you're the Head Honcho making all the rules). The satisfaction from obeying a superior's orders can be self fulfilling and self disciplining; both of which make for a mature adult.
Compare and contrast two psychological perspectives I am going to research the psychodynamic and Cognitive theory thoroughly
I am going to research the psychodynamic and Cognitive theory thoroughly, using different resources with this I will compare their strengths and weaknesses of each. The psychodynamic approach includes all theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particular unconscious between the structures of personality. Freud's psychoanalyst was the original psychodynamic theory. Sigmund Freud's Theory is quite complex. He believed that different driving forces develop during these stages which play an important role in how we interact with the world. In An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud (1949) explains the principal tenets on which psychoanalytic theory is based. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements, these three elements of personality is known as the id, the ego, and the superego which work together to create complex human behaviors. The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If
Past IB Psychology Exam Questions Answers Paper 3
May-03: 2) Using examples, examine the advantages and disadvantages of each of the following: (a) small group interviews (focus groups). 5 marks. (b) one-to-one interviews. 5 marks. a) Small Group Interviews (focus groups) An advantage to small group interviews (focus groups) is that they are quick and easy to use, therefore is more time effective, than one to one interviews, and as it is a group the social communication between group members can allow participants to give more free and complex answers, which they might of not felt comfortable doing in a one to one interview, also they may feel that they have social support, to take about certain topics. Also as the interview is done as a group, it can allow for the answers for the questions to go off into a discussion, which it may not of gone in, in an one on one interview, however this could be a disadvantage, if the interviewers wants to go in one direction, but the group wants to go in another direction. A disadvantage to focus groups would be that it requires a skilled moderator, which could potentially be expensive. Furthermore it could potentially be difficult to assemble a group, as the group would be either needed to be randomly selected. Also it would ideally need to have people that don't have an authoritarian personality, as this personality type could potentially control group the dynamic throughout the
A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud. How far is his analysis of religion relevant to society today?
A study of the psychology of belief with reference to the influence of Freud. How far is his analysis of religion relevant to society today? For many people, religion has been a pillar of our society for as long as we can trace back. A psychologist however, would argue that religion developed from the day that the people of our society started questioning their existence. As Sigmund Freud, physiologist, doctor, psychologist and the father of psychoanalysis, is generally recognised as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century, we need to consider his analysis of religion when approaching this topic. However as some of Freud's theories were developed over a century ago is it really possible to apply them to our society today, especially as our society is so multicultural and faith still holds a key role within many people's lives? According to Sigmund Freud religion is an "illusion" we as a society or as individuals, conjure up for ourselves, for a number of key reasons. The first and most essential reason Freud claims we turn to religion is as a way of expressing psychological anguish from our childhood. The second is we turn to religion as a way of overcoming and preventing dangers from the natural world, in hoping to gain control "the necessity of defending oneself against the crushingly superior force of nature." The third is that
