Anti-social Behaviour Coursework
ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND AGGRESSION. > Antisocial acts are those that show a lack of feeling and concern for the welfare of others (Baron and Richardson1994) > Aggressive behaviour is viewed as the most disturbing form of antisocial behaviour. > Aggressive behaviour can subdivided - * Antisocial aggression - All behaviour that is intended to inflict physical or mental harm on an individual who does not want to be so treated - (Penrod 1983) * Pro-social aggression - Police action * Sanctioned aggression - Self defence * Aggression can be overt behaviours or covert feelings that are not always acted upon. > Societies need people not to behave in an antisocial way - therefore laws, sanctions, police, and rewards. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGGRESSION - SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - BERKOWITZ (1989) and BANDURA (1965) Most behaviour (including aggressive behaviour) is learned. It is claimed that aggressive behaviour is learned either through direct experience or by observing others. Learning by direct experience - If a child pushes another child and as a result gets something they want, the action is reinforced and is more likely to occur in similar situations in the future. (Skinner - Operant reinforcement) Learning by vicarious experience - observational learning occurs when a child sees a role model behaving in a particular way and reproduces that behaviour.
Memory. In this investigation, my aim is to see whether shallow processing or deeper processing lasts long in the human mind. This means that I am checking to see whether people can remember things
G.C.S.E PSYCHOLOGY - MR HUNT COURSEWORK "HOW GOOD IS THE MEMORY?" HOW GOOD IS THE MEMORY? INTRODUCTION AIM: In this investigation, my aim is to see whether shallow processing or deeper processing lasts long in the human mind. This means that I am checking to see whether people can remember things that can make a story thus meaning more or if they can just remember random things due to physical appearance. RELEVANCE TO SPECIFICATION In this investigation I am trying to investigate whether people remember more when there is a meaning attached to it or whether they just remember it due to its physical appearance. We are seeing how well the brain remembers things if it finds it harder or easier to remember things that mean little or nothing at all. The area of study I am researching for this investigation is "levels of processing approach". The psychologists that investigated this were Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart (1972). They were challenging the multistore model saying that there are two ways in which we remember things. Craik and Lockhart believe that people remember things that can be elaborated (linked to other things) on rather than things that are remembered due to visual appearances. Theses are called shallow processing and deep processing. Shallow is when you remember something because you have not elaborated on it but just remembered it using
A Bully
A Bully By Any Other Name: Is Relational Aggression a Gender Issue? Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect that gender plays on bullying. It was predicted that girls were bullies just as much as boys were. Also, that girls bullied differently, girls used mental and social type bullying tactics such as name calling whereas boys were more apt to use more physical tactics. Finally, it was theorized that girls were more likely to engage in relational aggression. However, during the course of this study it was found that girls were not more aggressive than boys are. Also, boys were found to use mental and physical tactics more than girls according to the statistics in this study. Overall, it was found that boys were more likely to be the aggressor, rather than girls that was assumed in the beginning of the study. Introduction In the present paper, the role gender plays into bullying is investigated. It is hypothesized that girls are bullies just as much as boys are. Furthermore, it is also hypothesized that girls are more apt to use mental and social bullying tactics (also known as relational aggression), whereas boys use more physical type aggression tactics. In conclusion, it is theorized that girls are more likely to engage in relational aggression than boys. The APA Briefing Sheet on Bullying defines bullying as aggressive conduct which is
A Critical Examination of the Sexual Life of Man In Sigmund Freud.
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SEXUAL LIFE OF MAN IN SIGMUND FREUD .0 INTRODUCTION It is a word that rings a bell, it penetrates all cultures and overwhelms all humanity. It means many things to many people; to some, it is sacred and should be treated with respect. To others, it is pleasurable and should be lured to without repression; expressed it is worded "human sexuality". Reiterating the central place which sexuality occupied in the life of man, Dietrich writers: Sex ... as contrasted with other departments of bodily Experience is essentially deep. Every manifestation of sex produces an effect which transcends the physical sphere and in a fashion quite unlike the other bodily desires involves the soul deeply in its passion ... (Dietrich, 1935:12-14) There is a crusade carried out to give sexual enlightenment to the youths and those who are ignorant of this all important and integral aspect of man. In this crusade some inquisitive minds may come in contact with some erroneous opinions that - claims to be authority on the subject. Therefore our concern here is to expose and criticize some of these erroneous opinions on human sexuality; so as to prevent frail, emotional and gullible minds against easy assimilation of such misgivings especially when it is not compatible with the injunctions of moral standards. One of such erroneous doctrines was postulated by
In this essay I will evaluate and explain the Social Learning Theory (SLT), which explains aggressiveness from a behaviourism point of view. The opposite point of view is the biological point of view; they believe that aggressiveness stems from genetic ma
In this essay I will evaluate and explain the Social Learning Theory (SLT), which explains aggressiveness from a behaviourism point of view. The opposite point of view is the biological point of view; they believe that aggressiveness stems from genetic make-up. Together these two views can be seen as the nature and nurture debate; according to social psychologists aggression is learnt (nurture), from the view of the biological psychologists they believe aggression is innate (nature). Bandura and Walters's believed that aggression is learnt through indirect and direct reinforcement; however they did not dismiss the biological views on aggression and said that the behaviourist approach looks at how and when we aggress. The social learning theory has many research study's, the most popular being Bandura's study with the bobo doll. Bandura has children observing a model who interacted with the bobo doll, either aggressively or non-aggressively. The children were then 'frustrated' by taken to another room filled with toys, but they were told it was an error and had to leave. The children were then left alone with the doll whilst Bandura observed their behaviour. Bandura found that children who had observed the aggressive model would be aggressive towards the doll, and the children who watched the non-aggressive model either played with the doll in a non-aggressive manner or
Personality Psychology
Jeradine Young Personality Psychology May 30, 2006 Introduction The field of personality psychology is flourishing. In many respects the current aspects of the field reflects important shifts, both methodological and conceptual, that have occurred over the past two decades. Some of these changes arose in response to conceptual crises within the field, particularly the Great Trait Debate that occupied much of the field in the seventies. Other shifts reflect the gradual maturing of intellectual agendas that were present at the modern inception of academic personality psychology in the nineteen thirties (Craik, 1986). Personality Psychology Personality psychology is the scientific discipline that studies the personality system. The discipline seeks to understand a person's major psychological patterns and how those patterns are expressed in an individual's life. Personality psychologists conduct scientific research on personality, teach about personality (usually at the college and university level) and participate in the broader discipline of psychology (Phares, 1991). Personality psychology studies how psychological systems work together. The field can act as a unifying resource for the broader discipline of psychology. Yet, personality's current field-wide organization promotes a fragmented view of the person, seen through such competing theories as the
Linking Freudian and Jungian psychology to elements of cultural studies, conceive a useful model that describes a triangular relationship between individuals, the media and some form of collective consciousness.
Contents Introduction 2 The Unconscious 2 .1 Freud 3 .2 Jung 4 .2.1 The personal unconscious 4 .2.2 The collective unconscious and the Archetypes 4 2 Media Driven Consciousness 6 3 Global Consciousness ? 8 3.1 Global consciousness as a placebo? 9 4 Unfolding Perspective 11 5 Consequences 12 Bibliography 14 Introduction Remember The Borg, in the STAR TREK series? They were an assimilating species with a collective consciousness. They functioned as One entity, each part hearing the others, like a thousand voices speaking at once.
Uncovering the Defense Mechanisms in the Maya Epigraphy
Uncovering the Defense Mechanisms in the Maya Epigraphy D. Michele Ellis-Thomas A.T.R. Independent Study-Archeology Research Paper Introduction; This is a pilot study reviewing the psychoanalytic interpretation of some of the Maya symbolism in the epigraphy in order to determine the state of psychological development in a very general sense. For this reason, this study is hoped to be expanded upon by the professionals with the appropriate academic background to enhance any validity or non-validity of the initial interpretations. The Purpose of the Study: Much of the psychological and psychiatric literature on the topic of graphic depiction correlate to the age at which the individual experiences a developmental stage. Many individuals do not believe in stages as such due to the fact that stages imply a beginning and an ending. Development in the individual is more and likely to be re-experienced over time, due to the fact that in theory resolution is never really found as human nature re- examines most aspects of life throughout his life. There are considered to be five developmental stages in psychosocial development: the oral, anal, oedipal, latent stage and genital stage. This paper initially anticipated dealing with all of them and subsequently the author decided to focus on the oral stage symbolism and the graphic depiction one would find within this area in the
Different Theories and theorists in Human behaviour
Different Theories and theorists in Human behaviour Introduction: As a member of the public information team I have been instructed to produce an information sheet that could be in use to the BTEC National diploma in Public Services. The information sheet will identify various aspects of the study of human behaviour and explain how an understanding and knowledge of this subject would be useful to a member of the public service. The information provided in this information sheet will be: The main features of four different approaches to psychology: * Humanist, * Behaviourist * Cognitive * Psychoanalytical Making reference to the different theorists and theories to each approach, the psychologists I will be examining are: * Maslow * Rogers * Skinner * Freud Furthermore I will be explaining how each approach might be useful for explaining certain behaviours encountered within three public service: * Police * Fire Service + * Military This will also include an assessment of my own personality type. Psychology is the study of human behaviour and what makes people do the things they do. * Behaviourist - classical and operant conditions * Psychoanalytical - analysis development of humans and puts them into categories in different stages of their life. * Humanist - Someone who believes that human beings want to do well. * Cognitive - Study of our thought
Freud's theory of psycho-sexual development
According to Freud, sexual drive, along with aggression, is the central factor in determining the personalities of human beings and the main driving force that gives reason to, and influences what we do and who we become. He asserts that if each psycho- sexual-oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital - stage is not resolved, fixation at that particular stage, and thereafter personality and behavioural problems might occur in latter life. More importantly, infantile sexuality, which encompasses the first three stages, is said to play an imperative role in the shaping the personalities of adults. Freud believes that while boys and girls would progress similarly during the earlier oral and anal stages, it is at the phallic stage where complications in undergoing a two-fold change in sexual object and leading sexual organ might make it more difficult for girls to progress through this stage, if at all. His work experiences dealing with neurotic women has also led him to proclaim that, "Now will you have escaped worrying over this problem - those of you of are men; to those of you who are women this will not apply - you are yourselves the problem".1 He believes that women's constant need for attention and attention from their parents -and in later life, their husbands- leads them to have illnesses, which "are the result of intentions"2, albeit unconsciously. His cure for such
