AIM: To study the effect of solid impurities on boiling point of water and find the Molal Elevation Constant (Kb) and to calculate the percentage difference from accepted value for Kb.

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             Certificate

This is to certify that PULKIT MITTAL of class 12-B has successfully completed the project work on chemistry for class XII practical examination of the Central Board of Secondary Education in the year 2011-2012.It is further certified that this project is the individual work of the candidate.

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            ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Kanupriya as well as our principal Mrs. Sunita Tanwar who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic- To study the effect of solid impurities on boiling point of water and find the Molal Elevation Constant (Kb) and to calculate the percentage difference from accepted value for Kb, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new things.

I am really thankful to them.

Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time.

I am making this project not only for marks but to also increase my knowledge.

THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME.

         

           

               

              INTRODUCTION

Boiling Point

On heating a liquid its temperature rises gradually till a stage comes when the temperature does not rise further and the liquid starts boiling. The fixed temperature at which a certain liquid boils is termed as the boiling point of liquid. The boiling point of water is 1000C or 373 K.

In terms of vapour pressure the boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure and the liquid changes into a vapor.

Boiling Point of Solution

The boiling point of a solution is always higher than that of the pure solvent in which the solution is prepared. Similar to lowering of vapour pressure, the elevation of boiling point also depends on the number of solute molecules rather than their nature. The elevation of boiling point of a solution is equivalent to the product of the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1kg of solvent (molality) and a constant of proportionality, Kb known as Boiling Point Elevation Constant or Molal Elevation Constant (Ebullioscopic Constant)

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The boiling-point elevation can in principle be used to measure the degree of dissociation or the molar mass of the solute. This kind of measurement is called ebullioscopy .This property can also be used in separating zeotropic mixtures.

AIM:                                                                     To study the effect of solid impurities on boiling point of water and find the Molal Elevation Constant (Kb) and to calculate the percentage difference from ...

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