An investigation into the effect of different tooth cleaning agents containing different ingredients on the growth of teeth bacteria.

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On account of the price and variety of tooth cleaning agents available on the market, an investigation was conducted into the effect of different tooth cleaning agents containing different ingredients on the growth of teeth bacteria. The tooth cleaning agents tested were Colgate total antibacterial toothpaste with Triclosan (3 pence/ml), Boots non fluoride toothpaste (less than a penny/ml), Dental care baking soda toothpaste (2 pence/ml) and a twig from a natural toothbrush tree Salvadora persica commonly known as ‘Muswak’ (30 pence for two weeks supply, toothbrush not required as twig carries out the function of a toothbrush).

Gingivitis (inflammation to gingival tissue in the mouth) caused by excessive formation of plaque is not just a problem for children, it continues throughout life as long as natural teeth are in the mouth. The three most common bacteria that cause dental disease are Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus species, and Actinomyces species.

According to an article titled ‘super toothpaste’ by W. F Lee (Prevention magazine, Dec 97, p67) it is said, ‘Make room fluoride. A new toothpaste is coming and it promises to strike the kind of blow to gingivitis that made fluoride famous for fighting cavities. The key ingredient Triclosan is a common antimicrobial agent already in wide use in products such as antibacterial soap. Scientists think Triclosan may reduce gingivitis by inhibiting the growth of plaque causing bacteria. In a major study submitted to the FDA, the new Triclosan-fluoride paste (sold as Colgate total) performed significantly better than standard fluoride only toothpaste in helping to prevent plaque, tartar and gingivitis. This combination of Triclosan and fluoride is the first toothpaste to earn the British Dental Association seal of acceptance for fighting four dental problems at once- gingivitis, plaque, tooth decay and tartar.1c Non fluoride toothpastes are suitable for individuals who require a controlled level of fluoride. This would be especially relevant in cases whereby the tap water is heavily fluoridated or the individual is taking fluoride supplements. Baking soda toothpaste, also known as sodium bicarbonate paste kills bacteria that cause plaque and bad breath and acts as a mild abrasive. According to the Journal of Clinical Dentistry in an article by Hattab F.N of Jordan University of Science and Technology, ‘The use of a wood stick for brushing teeth continues to be an important tool for oral hygiene care in many Afro-Asian communities. It is inexpensive, customary and used for religious reasons as well.’ Additionally, Abu Hanifa mentions the use of muswak as being best for brushing teeth, for it makes speech more eloquent, frees the tongue, relieves the weakness that comes from disease, stimulates the appetite and clears the brain.5b

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As seen from above, the main visible active microbial agent in the chosen tooth-cleaning agents is Triclosan. Studies involving Triclosan include a six month study carried out by Bolden T et al on the clinical effect of a dentrifice containing Triclosan on plaque formation and gingivitis. This study noted that there was a 17% statistically significant reduction in plaque formation when using Triclosan.6a Thus with regard to data obtained from the above study the following hypothesis was formulated:

"Clinically proven antibacterial Colgate total toothpaste containing Triclosan will affect the growth of teeth bacteria the most by reducing it or stopping it ...

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**** The author clearly has a firm command of the subject matter and describes the investigation in a concise style making use of a wide range of relevant information sources. It is a pity that this style resulted in a lack of specific detail in the method. The experimental method is also flawed. The author is an A grade candidate but unfortunately this work does not quite reflect this.