The aim of this experiment is to find out which side of a tree the most Pleurococcus grows upon, and why this is so.
Aim The aim of this experiment is to find out which side of a tree the most Pleurococcus grows upon, and why this is so. Prediction I think the most Pleurococcus will grow on the North side of the tree. I think this will happen because, the south side of the tree receives the most sunlight. The heat from this sunlight would dry out the Pleurococcus, which would cause it to dry out, and die. As Pleurococcus is an algae, it photosynthesises. This means it needs water as is shown in the photosynthesis equation below. Water + Carbon Dioxide Oxygen + Glucose (aq) (g) (g) (s) 6H20 + 6CO2 6O2 + C6H12O6 (aq) (g) (g) (s) If it can not photosynthesise, it will not have enough energy to grow, reproduce, respire, and repair, it will, therefore, die. The other input into photosynthesis, is Carbon Dioxide, because Carbon Dioxide is a gas, and diffuses, it will not affect our experiment. The other thing that Pleurococcus needs to photosynthesise, is sunlight. Even in the North, there is enough sunlight for it to photosynthesise. The sunlight in the North is not enough to dry it out, because Pleurococcus has heavy cell walls, which prevents excessive water loss. Fair test To ensure this is a fair test, I will be measuring 10 different trees, instead of just one. This is because, if just one tree was measured, the results from that
Study the condensation of steam at different temperature levels
David Holden 13T Physics Investigation For my physics coursework, I have to decided to study the condensation of steam at different temperature levels, I will then set about studying how to prevent condensation of steam on a general household object that is frequently subjected to steam on a daily basis - a sheet of glass (eg. A mirror in a bathroom) It became apparent to me that studying this topic would not be easy when I put some thought into it, my initial idea was having a mirror, that would heat itself as more water vapour entered the atmosphere, preventing water vapour condensing on it. (A simple example of this is when spectacles are 'steamed up', run them under hot water for a few seconds to wash away the condensed water, and more importantly adjust the temperature of the spectacles to the surroundings to prevent further condensation of water.) For a practical everyday mirror for this purpose, it would be easy to run a heating element along the backside of the mirror (to conduct the heat through to the mirror surface) and link the heating element to a variable resistor, which in turn would be connected to the hot tap handle, so in theory, the more hot water flowing through the bath tap/showerhead, the more water vapour produced so in turn the hotter the mirror becomes. This idea is easy enough, but the problems start with calibrating the variable resistor, ie, how
"Separating colors in leaves using Chromatography"
YEAR 10 SCIENCE SCIENCE RESEARCH PROJECT "Separating colors in leaves using Chromatography" by Sebastien Hammond 10D INTRO: Chromatography is a technique that is used to separate the substances present in a mixture. It is also widely used to determine the identity of a substance; particuly organic compounds. In paper chromatography absorbant paper, in this case filter paper, is used as the stationary phase. A solution of the sample that is to be analysed, in this case leaves and leaf mixtures, is made up and placed onto one end of the paper as a small spot of the mixture. The position of the spot is known as the 'origin'. For paper chromatography the components of a mixture can be identified by the distance they travel along the stationary phase compared to the distance travelled by the solvent, in this case isopropyll. This is known as the Rf value and is expressed as. Distance moved from origin by mixture Rf = Distance moved from origin by solvent Each component has a characteristic Rf value for the conditions under which the chromatogram was obtained. By comparing the Rf values of the components of a particular mixture with the Rf values of a known substance under identical conditions, the compounds present in a mixture can be identified. AIM: to compare and analyse the colors and Rf levels of single leaves and a combination of leaves before and after
Find out what factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Rate being the amount of photosynthesis produced per minute.
Aim: To find out what factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Rate being the amount of photosynthesis produced per minute. Variables: Equation for Photosynthesis: Representing sunlight Co2 + H2O Glucose, ATP and O2 - Temperature. Because Photosynthesis is an enzyme based reaction and enzymes dependant on the temperature. As we know, enzymes work better when the temperature increases, and they can be frozen if the temperatures are too low. However, when the temperature is too high, the enzymes could denature and therefore the plant would die and no photosynthesis would occur at all. - Light intensity, Because sunlight is needed for photosynthesis to occur. Sunlight is needed for the plant to turn into food. This process is Photosynthesis, so without Sunlight, there is no photosynthesis. So then this basically means if u give the plant more sunlight (higher light intensity), there is more photosynthesis to make more food. - Concentration of Co2 in water. Because Co2 is needed for Photosynthesis to occur. So then if there were a higher supply of Co2, there would be more photosynthesis. Therefore the concentration of Co2 in the water is able to affect the rate of photosynthesis. - Amount of water. Because water is needed for photosynthesis to occur. Without water, a plant cannot
Investigate the relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis- year 10 Investigation. Investigate the relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is important because animals eat food, as it is a source of energy. All living things need a constant supply of energy if they are to grow, reproduce or move. Plants do not eat food but they do have some in the form of starch in their leaves. The symbol equation for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2+6 H2O-light C6 H12 06+6 02. There are four substances needed for photosynthesis to tae place: -Carbon dioxide. -Chlorophyll. -Oxygen. -Sunlight. Photosynthesis cannot take place without all four of these substances being present. As light is the factor I am exploring in this investigation, that is the main factor I am looking at. Plants need light for photosynthesis to take place; photosynthesis will not take place in the dark. It is true that the brighter the light, the greater the rate of photosynthesis. Many plants have their leaves spread out in such a way that each leaf has as much light as possible and the lower leaves are not shaded by the ones above. I am investigating the effects of light on the rate of photosynthesis. It is possible to do this by measuring the rate of photosynthesis at different light intensities by counting the number of bubbles of gas given off by the plant in a given time. To make the test fair I will use
Hydrological Cycle
Hydrological Cycle The hydrological cycle is a constant movement of water above, on, and below the earth's surface. It is a cycle that replenishes ground water supplies. It begins as water vaporizes into the atmosphere from vegetation, soil, lakes, rivers, snowfields and oceans-a process called evapotranspiration. As the water vapour rises it condenses to form clouds that return water to the land through precipitation: rain, snow, or hail. Precipitation falls on the earth and either percolates into the soil or flows across the ground. Usually it does both. When precipitation percolates into the soil it is called infiltration when it flows across the ground it is called surface run off. The amount of precipitation that infiltrates, versus the amount that flows across the surface, varies depending on factors such as the amount of water already in the soil, soil composition, vegetation cover and degree of slope. Surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere. Infiltration, however, moves under the force of gravity through the soil. If soils are dry, water is absorbed by the soil until it is thoroughly wetted. Then excess infiltration begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Ground water continues to move downward and laterally through
The effect of insulating materials on heat loss from the body
The effect of insulating materials on heat loss from the body Richard Smith 5? Introduction In this experiment I will be testing six different materials, felt, cotton wool, bubble wrap, polystyrene, wool and cotton. The other variables, for example, the number of layers, the amount of water in the flask, and the size of the flask, will be fixed to enable a fair test. I will use 200 cm3 of water in the flask, which will be inside a beaker full of the insulating material. Prediction I think that the polystyrene will be the best insulator, because after looking at all the materials under a microscope, I found that polystyrene had the smallest air spaces. This means that the air in those spaces will take the least time to heat up and therefore less heat is lost in the heating. I think that the bubble wrap will be the worst insulator, because it has large air spaces, which will take longer to heat up. The order of best --> worst may look like this: polystyrene, felt, wool, cotton wool, cotton, bubble wrap. I think that the graph will look like this: - The heat is lost at first through conduction to the layers of insulation. That is why in my predicted graph I think there will be quite a rapid fall in temperature initially and then it will slow down. When the temperature drop starts to slow down that is when the insulating material is heated to roughly the same temperature as
Investigation on Heat Loss in Organisms.
Investigation on Heat Loss in Organisms Introduction: Heat loss is extremely important for all types of organism is any habitat. The temperature of the body has to be correct otherwise the organism will not be able to survive, so it is vital that organisms can control factors to keep their body temperature at a safe, constant temperature. Heat loss is so vital because it can easily kill an organism its temperature rises or decreases by a certain amount, which could easily happen under the worlds varying climate. In a cold habitat, obviously there is not a lot of heat to be gained outside, so the heat inside the body of an organism has to be kept by other methods, to keep the body temperature constant and at a safe temperature. One method, is having a layer of fat to maintain the heat already inside their bodies. However, a more important and influential fact, is that in cold places such as the Arctic, you tend to only find large animals, such as Polar Bears, and Penguins, with the smallest organisms being Arctic Foxes. This means that they have less skin per cm3 of volume - and so have a smaller surface area : volume ratio. This means that through their skin, they loose less heat than that of smaller organisms, who have more skin per cm3 of volume. So, these larger animals loose less body heat and so are suited to the colder conditions of the arctic. The
How Does Water Depth Affect Wavespeed?
How Does Water Depth Affect Wavespeed? Plan. In this investigation, I will be investigating how the depth of water affects the wavespeed. To do this, I will need to find out the speed of a wave in a range of water depths. So I can find the speed of the wave I will fill a tray with water. It will be a measured amount of water. Then to start a wave, I will lift one side of the tray up off the table and drop it. Here is a diagram of the equipment: When the tray hits the table, a stopwatch will be started. Then the amount of times the wavefront moves left and right between the sides of the tray will be counted. Once the wave has stopped, or we can't see it moving, the stopwatch will be stopped. Using the information I have from this I can work out the wavespeed, using the following formulae: Wavespeed = length of tray x no of times the wave went back and forth Time The equipment I will use in this investigation is: Tray, Stopwatch, Ruler, Water. To make this investigation a fair test there are a number of things I will do. Firstly, the tray will be dropped from the same height every time. This means that the wave will get the same energy from the drop every time. If it were dropped from different heights each time I took a measurement the waves would be given different amounts of energy. This affects the result because if the wave has more energy it will move faster.
Find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam.
Aim: We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam. Plan: The factor I will be changing is the type of insulator. The factor I will be recording is the temperature of the water in degrees for a total of six minutes. To record the temperature I will use a thermometer. The factors I will keep the same so it is a fair test are: Starting temperature of the boiling water Same amount / volume of water Measuring the temperature at the same interval Covering the same amount of surface area, length and width for each insulator. I intend to wrap three testubes with the chosen insulators, but leave the last one plain for control. Cotton wool Bubble wrapping Plastic foam I have also chosen to do a control experiment without insulation to see if there is a great difference in the heat loss if the container has insulation. I will then boil some water and when it is boiled I will carefully pour it into a measuring cylinder up the chosen volume (20cm³). I will pour it into the containers and allow it to cool to the chosen starting temperature. Once it reaches the chosen starting temperature then I will start the stop clock and record the temperature at chosen intervals. I will repeat this procedure for the next two containers. I will then repeat the whole experiment one more time to be sure that my results that I will
