Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers
Research questions : Why is the constant beating of the heart important? What causes the heart to beat abnormally? What are the implications of having an abnormal heart beat? What is an artificial pacemaker and how does it regulate an abnormal heart beat? How are artificial pacemakers implanted? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an artificial pacemaker? What are some alternatives used instead of artificial pacemakers? The importance of the heart The heart is an essential organ possessed by every living human. It is vital as it pumps blood rich in oxygen (received from the lungs) to every living cell within the body and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (from the body)1. In the opposite diagram of a human heart, the blue sections represent the transport of deoxygenated blood and the red sections represent the transport of oxygenated blood. The heart is necessary in sustaining the lives of every single human being. This is because without oxygen, cells cannot carry out the process of cellular respiration (the release of energy from glucose). This means that the body cells will have insufficient energy to carry out regular functions needed for sustaining life. Every single cell in the human body is affected by the beating of the heart, as enough oxygen has to be supplied for them to function properly. Without the constant beating of the heart,
The Effects of Exercise on Heartbeat, and the Assessment of Cardio-Vascular Fitness
The Effects of Exercise on Heartbeat, and the Assessment of Cardio-Vascular Fitness SAFETY Do Not Run With Injuries, You Could Only Make Them Worse! Be Careful Not To Injure Yourself Whilst Running! Introduction In this experiment I intend to examine the effects of exercise on heartbeat and Cardio-Vascular fitness (fitness of the heart and lungs), including pulse how long it takes to recover from a vigorous training session a 'Bleep Test'. The measurements will range in a class of 22 boys who all have a similar diet, same age, near enough same exercise regimes; so this is not an ideal experiment because all the boys are from similar background. But to make it an accurate test I will need some sort of exercise that pushes the body (exhaustion exercise) so I chose to do the 'Bleep Test', which is a tape that plays beeps and the person has to run a 20m. track within the bleep. The aims of the experiment is to measure the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heartbeat rate at rest, the recovery time after an exhaustion type exercise and the exhaustion type exercise is the 'Bleep Test'. Prediction I predict in the experiment that every ones heart rate will increase by a lot, maybe about 150% in some cases. This is because when someone exercises their muscles need more oxygen to be supplied to their muscles because they are now working a lot harder so their oxygen
Determine the effect of exercise on my pulse rate and the rest of the body.
Aim: I have to determine the effect of exercise on my pulse rate and the rest of the body. Prediction: From my scientific knowledge, I predict that the pulse rate will increase as a result of exercise. I think that there will be a gradual increase to begin with, but as the body has to work harder I believe that the pulse rate will increase at a faster rate. When the exercise is complete I think that the heart rate will gradually decrease back to the resting pulse rate, but the time which it takes for pulse rate to return to normal will depend on how fit you are and the fitter you are, the shorter your recovery time. This is because I believe that the supply of Oxygen to the muscles will decrease which will push the pulse rate up. I also think that a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise takes place, thus resulting in a further increase. If the body is unable to continue aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration will take place. This results in lactic acid being formed. Finally, the carbon dioxide levels would also rise which would also contribute to the pulse rate rising. Equipment: Stop-watch Trainers Method: I will firstly take my pulse rate for minute. Then I will jog on the spot at a constant rate for one minute. After, I will take my pulse rate again for one minute. I will then allow my pulse rate to return to normal. Then I will jog on the spot
Effect of exercise on blood pressure.
Effect of exercise on blood pressure. Research The heart is made almost entirely of muscle. It is a hollow organ that pumps blood around the body and is in the centre of the circulatory system. It is divided up into four chambers: Two atria or auricles situated in the upper part of the heart, whose function is to receive blood. Two ventricles, situated in the lower part of the heart whose function is to pump blood. The average heart rate of an adult is around 60-90 bpm (beats per minute) and blood pressure of 120/80, while resting, With each beat pumping 5 ounces of blood, which is approximately 4,000 gallons a day. The heart rests in between beats so it rests more then it works, so in a 70-year lifetime the average human heart works for about 30 years and rests for about 40 years. When we exercise our heart rate increases. This is because our muscles are working harder and need more energy. Our heart rate increases to supply more oxygen, carried in the blood, to these muscles. The oxygen is needed in the muscles for aerobic respiration that is to break down glucose, which we get from food, into glycogen, which is the main type of energy we use when we exercise. This can be shown in the word and symbol equations: Glucose + Oxygen ? Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? E + 6CO2 + 6H2O Exercise is good for us and can make us fitter by making our heart work
How Does Exercise Effect The Body?
Amandeep Gill GCSE Coursework How Does Exercise Effect The Body? Aim : My aim is to find out how exercise effects the body, particularly looking how your heart rate changes from a stationary position to the after effects of the activity of my choice. The exercises I have chosen to carryout are sprinting, jogging, walking and performing star jumps. Word Equation Formula for Respiration, Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Symbol Equation Formula for Respiration, C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy I will be using the formula for respiration in the latter stages of my experiment and showing how it is related to exercise? Equipment Used, The following is a list of the equipment I will be using for my practical experiment: Stop Clock - Used to time various stages of the experiment, e.g. 30 seconds for stationary pulse. Tape Measurer - Used to measure the twenty- five metre strip used in the majority of the exercises. Pen and Paper - Used to record the results whilst the activities are taking place. Pair of Trainers - Used instead of school shoes, as they can often be painful when running in and this could effect the pace in which the experiment is carried out at. Towel - Used after the practical experiment has taken place. Diagrams of the Equipment, Prediction, From previous scientific knowledge, I predict that when doing
How does Exercise affect the pulse rate
Nazneen Rajabali How does Exercise affect the pulse rate? What is the pulse? The pulse is felt by the beating of the heart or blood vessel. The pulse is specially felt when a finger is put on top of an artery. In an artery, the pulse is felt when the artery expands and contracts. The walls of the artery are made up of elastic walls. The contracting of the heart muscles forces blood into your arteries and because the walls of the arteries are elastic they can take this pressure. They expand and contract as the blood is pushed through and this is what is felt as your pulse. To feel your pulse you need to find a main artery in your body. The most common place to find a pulse is on your wrist or the side of your neck. The resting pulse of an average human is 70 beats per minute. However, during exercise the rate my increase to 200 beats per minute. Prediction I predict that by increasing the amount of exercise I do, my pulse rate will also increase. I have researched and used my scientific knowledge to predict this. I have researched how the body changes during exercise so I know that the more exercise I do my pulse rate will go up: How the body changes during exercise? The body changes during exercise. Firstly, the muscles start to work harder so respiration speeds up in muscle fibers to provide extra energy. When respiration takes place the waste product, carbon
Reflective Profile - The Practice of Midwifery
Candidate Number: 1309261 Reflective Profile The Practice of Midwifery The following reflective profile will address the use of fetal monitoring during antenatal visits and specifically the use of the hand held Doppler and Pinards stethoscope. This topic relates to competencies numbers 8.2 and 8.3 as documented in the Midwifery Practice Assessment, Year 1, Week 12. In the interest of anonymity, pseudonyms have been used in compliance with NMC (2002). To facilitate in the construction of this work the Gibb. (1988) reflective cycle has been utilised (see appendices). The Gibb. (1988) reflective cycle initially suggests that in order to reflect successfully, the event which took place should be described. Present at the event were a midwife called Christine and a student Emma whose roles on this particular day were to see a number of women at an antenatal clinic. A woman, Jo, who was a primigravida and 36 weeks gestation, had an appointment to see the midwife. She was known to Christine and had seen her on a number of previous occasions. Christine and Emma performed the antenatal check but explained to Jo that the NICE guidelines, (NHS, 2003) now suggest that the fetal heart is not auscultated routinely as it had been previously. Jo conveyed that she would not be happy with this arrangement and requested it was performed irrespective of these guidelines. Christine understood
human body system
Introduction I described the structure and function of the major body systems. Then I chose two of the body systems and wrote about their interrelationship. I also described the observation I have made to monitor a healthy client. I have made accurate records of basic observation on a fellow student in my class. I described the link between the care client receives and the state of two body systems and I suggested how the care client receives could be improved to have beneficial effects on body systems without having any harmful effects on another body systems. Task 1: Cardiovascular The cardiovascular system is the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body, bringing oxygen and nutrients to muscles and organs, and then returning it to the heart to be pumped again. Any disruption in the flow of blood can cause damage to an organ, including the heart. The system of channels through which the blood flows is called the circulatory system, and includes the heart, lungs, and blood vessels. Arteries, arterioles (small arteries), and capillaries (tiny blood vessels) carry blood from the heart to the body. Veins and venules (small veins) return the blood from the body to the heart. The heart can be divided into the left and right sides. The right half collects blood from the body and pumps it to the lung. In the lung it collects oxygen and gets rid of
The effect of caffeine concentration on the heart rate of Daphnia.
The effect of caffeine concentration on the heart rate of Daphnia Aim To conduct an experiment into the relationship between the heart rate of a Daphnia and its exposure to various concentrations of caffeine. Method For this experiment we had: Culture of Daphnia in various concentrations (%) of caffeine (0.0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.025, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5) Two cavity slides A pipette Stop watch Microscope Ice water Firstly, a job was designated to each member of the group and each had a counter, a recorder and a controller. The controller always set up each slide to ensure that the other members of the group were unaware of the concentration of caffeine that the Daphnia were exposed to, thereby eradicating bias, and also controlled the time. The counter would count the number of heart beats in ten second intervals by stabbing at a piece of paper with a pen, in an 'S' shape. This allowed for easy counting and a control on human error. The recorder counted the dots on the paper to ensure that an extra heart beat was not added here and there in order to make the results match their prediction. A microscope was then set up and the x10 lens was used to ensure that the Daphnia's heart could be seen clearly. The slide was then set up. Some ice water was then placed on one cavity and the second cavity slide placed on top of the first. This was to help with the regulation
Diabetes. There are two forms of Diabetes know as type 1 and type 2. Both of which are similar in the sense that blood glucose concentration cant be maintained by the body.
Diabetes . There are two forms of Diabetes know as 'type 1' and 'type 2'. Both of which are similar in the sense that blood glucose concentration can't be maintained by the body. The difference is that 'Type 1' diabetes known as 'insulin dependent' is caused as a result of the body not being able to produce the hormone 'Insulin' which causes high blood glucose concentrations. Type 1 diabetes is the type of diabetes that typically develops in children and young adults. Type 1 is caused because the cells of the body's immune system release agents such as 'cytokines' which then kill the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas known as 'Beta Cells'. 'Type 2' diabetes known as 'non insulin dependent' is caused by the body not being able to make enough insulin and/or the insulin that it is producing can't be utilised properly due to interference with its actions from other hormones. Cells in the body may not be able to use insulin properly and therefore become 'insulin-resistant', which will cause high levels of glucose concentration in the blood. Type 2 usually develops after the age of 40 but can occur amongst younger people. 2. Type 2 diabetes is much more common in people who are both overweight and obese; diet therefore a key aspect to consider. As the body can't produce/use insulin, it is important to control sugar consumption to avoid high blood glucose concentrations. In
