Exercise and Heart Rate
Exercise and Heart Rate Introduction The heart rate of a human varies from 150 beats per minute in young children, to about 60 in the aged. However, I am going to investigate whether doing exercise may alter the rate substantially. Prediction From my scientific knowledge I predict that the rate of respiration will increase as a result of exercise. I think that there will be a gradual increase to begin with, but as the body has to work harder I believe that the heart will then increase at a faster rate. When the exercise is complete I think that the heart rate will gradually decrease back to the resting pulse rate. I have made these predictions because I believe that the supply of Oxygen to the muscles will decrease which will push the heart rate up. I also think that a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise takes place, thus resulting in a further increase. If the body is unable to continue aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration will take place. This results in lactic acid being formed. Finally, the CO2 levels would also rise which would also contribute to the heart rate rising. Method I am going to carry out step-up exercise on a 3cm stair on my eleven-year-old sister. The heart rate will be taken by feeling the pulse in the neck. Here is the procedure of the experiment: · The resting pulse will be taken and recorded. · Five-minute exercise begins with a
Explain how arteries, veins, and capillaries are adapted for their functions. Describe what happens in coronary heart disease and explain how lifestyle may contribute to the development of this disease.
Explain how arteries, veins, and capillaries are adapted for their functions. Describe what happens in coronary heart disease and explain how lifestyle may contribute to the development of this disease. The human circulatory system is an essential network of tubes designed to transport a continuous flow of blood throughout the body delivering nutrients to and removing waste from every cell. Contemporary society is experiencing an increasing number of people suffering from an often preventable disease that occurs in this circulatory network named coronary heart disease. (Boyle, M., Senior, K. 2002). (www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/chdfacts.htm). This essay will explain how the circulatory systems' arteries, capillaries and veins are adapted for their functions, what happens in coronary heart disease, and how some contemporary lifestyles may contribute to the condition. The main organ of the circulatory system is the heart, situated in the chest between the lungs. It is a hollow muscular structure consisting of four main chambers. The lower left and right ventricles have thick muscular walls to pump blood, and the upper left and right atria that have thinner walls and receive blood. This is effectively a double circulatory system as both ventricles pump blood and both atria receive blood simultaneously. The pulmonary system starts in the right
Effect of Exercise on Heart rate.
AS Coursework Biology Plan Skill A and B: Effect of Exercise on Heart rate. Aim: To devise an experiment that can investigate the effect of exercise on heart rate. Independent variable: The exercise I will use is running. The variable I am going to manipulate is the speed. I will change the speed at different constant intervals from 6 kph to 16 kph. I will use the speeds of 6,8,10,12,14,16 kph (kilometres an hour). I will use this range so that my maximum heart rate I reached and my heart rate will change on the minimum speed. I will use a treadmill to run so that I can use a constant accurate speed which I can control. This is unlike a rowing machine or step cycling machine because you determine the speed on how fast you row or cycle. However with a treadmill the speed is determined by the treadmill. Constant variable: ) I will keep the length I exercise at each speed constant. I will use 2 minutes as my constant duration of exercise. 2) To make sure I run for two minutes at the same speed, I will let the treadmill equilibrate to the speed being tested by standing on the side, then start running using the handlebars. As soon as I start running my partner will immediately start the timer. 3) I will start not start the next repeat or different speed until my heart rate has returned to my resting heart rate range which is 80-90 bpm (beats per minute). 4) I will carry
Elasticity of blood vessels.
Elasticity of blood vessels Introduction There are many blood vessels in the body. There are two main ones, arteries and veins. These blood vessels are able to expand in order to let more blood flow through them. They also contract to help control the flow of blood. Blood is pumped out of the heart to the body via the arteries and the veins carry the blood back to the heart. When the blood is in the blood vessels, pressure is present. In the arteries the blood is at higher pressure than it is when in the veins, arteries also have thicker walls (due to the high pressure) than the walls of the veins. The elasticity of arteries is what sustains the pressure on the blood when the heart relaxes and keeps the blood flowing in a forward direction. In the following experiment, we observed the elasticity of veins and arteries so that we could determine the differences in elasticity and if this affects the pressure within the vessels. Hypothesis: Due to the scientific background about veins and arteries, it would be expected that the elasticity of the arteries is higher than the elasticity of veins. It is expected that the length of the arteries and veins will increase as the weights are added. The arteries have a larger lumen, with more muscle, therefore leading us to predict that the length of the artery will return to the 'same' (nearly the same) length once the weights are
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and the blood vessels, such as the veins and arteries, which move the blood
The cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and the blood vessels, such as the veins and arteries, which move the blood around the body. Your heart is a muscle that is about the size of your fist. It works like a pump and it is always pumping blood throughout the body. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to the cells in the body. The blood then carries waste products back to be removed by the kidneys and carbon dioxide to be removed by the lungs. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. The main artery from the heart is the aorta. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart. At the lungs, it is the pulmonary artery that brings oxygen-poor blood into the lungs and the pulmonary vein that carries oxygen-rich blood back to the heart. It picks up oxygen and comes back to the heart at the left atrium. From there it passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle where it is pushed through the aortic valve and out to the body. The mitral valve differs from the rest of the valves because it is made up of just two flaps; the others have three flaps. The job of the valves is to keep the blood moving all in one direction. Also there is a thick piece of cardiac muscle that runs down the centre of the heart called the septum which stops deoxygenated blood and oxygenated from flowing in the
Respiration and exercise
When we exercise, our When we exercise our respiratory system works at faster rates. Respiration is the process where the air enters the body via the mouth or nostrils, and eventually ends up in our bloodstream. The rest of the C content of this document will explain this process in detail, as well as the circulatory system. Circulatory System As blood begins to circulate it leaves the heart from the left ventricle and enters the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body, filled with oxygen. Arteries always take blood away from the heart, regardless of their oxygenation, and veins always carry blood back to the heart, also regardless of the blood's oxygenation. In pulmonary vessels the blood oxygenation is reversed; the pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygen is pumped into the pulmonary vein, which carries blood back to the heart. The four vessels that lead to the heart are the: Pulmonary artery, which takes blood to the brain and lungs. The Pulmonary vein, which carries blood back from the lungs, the Aorta, which takes blood around the body to capillary cells, and the Vena Cava that carries blood back from the body. As blood circulates round the body, nutrients and oxygen diffuse from the haemoglobin into cells surrounding the
Obesity - Who's to blame No.2
Biology Case Study-Who is to blame for obesity?? Introduction As the increase of illnesses and diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, strokes, even depression and many more continue there appears to be one common factor amongst many of the sufferers-obesity. But who is to blame for this problem? Is there any one source we can pin the responsibility to, or is it a mixture of many? In January 2008 nearly a quarter of adults in the UK were obese, as were 24% of children between the ages of 2 and 15. What is Obesity? A definition of obesity from http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles/article.aspx?articleId=265§ionId=1 describes obesity as being a condition where "a person is carrying too much body fat for their height and sex." This happens when a person eats more calories than they are burning off over a period of time. At this weight it has increased so much it is the point of endangering their health. Healthcare professionals all over the world use BMI checks to discover whether a person is of a healthy weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing weight (in kilograms) by height (in metres squared.) I have included a recommended BMI chart from the cancer research website http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/healthyliving/obesityandweight/bodymassindex/ * under 18.5 is underweight * 18.5-25 is healthy weight * 25-30 is
Arterial Blood Gas
Diagnostic Test Brooke Griffith ABG and carboxyhemoglobin Arterial Blood Gas Indications: An ABG is ordered as a way to assess or manage a patient's respiratory and metabolic acid/base balance. The test assesses the pH of a patient's blood and is used as an indicator for the particular cause of the acidosis or alkalosis. An ABG is also used to measure adequacy of treatment for an acid/base balance. An ABG can also be used in the measurement of adequacy of oxygenation. Type of Test and testing procedure: An ABG is usually acquired through withdrawal of arterial blood. Babies can be tested using whole blood through capillary heel sticks. An ABG is usually collected from the radial artery. Before an ABG can be preformed, a circulation test must be preformed to protect the hand's collateral blood flow. This is called the Allen Test. Allen Test- Apply pressure to the radial and ulnar arteries, eliminating blood flow to the chosen hand. Slowly release the pressure on the ulnar artery. If the hand flushes, returning blood to the hand by the ulnar artery, the test may be preformed. If the hand does not flush, it indicates that there is poor collateral circulation and this hand may not be used. Attempt to use the other wrist, if unable to use either, the femoral artery or brachial may also be used. The test may be preformed following a positive Allen test. An ABG
How Exercise Effects Heart Rate
How Exercise Effects Heart Rate Plan This experiment was conducted in a gym for testing out how exercise affects your heart rate. A pulse metre was strapped on to the chest underneath the test subject's nipple. The test subject had to leave it there throughout the experiment. A heart rate watch was also taken to measure the test subject's heart rate to conduct the experiment. A stopwatch was also used, which was built in the rowing machine. A rowing machine was used, to conduct the experiment. The test subject rowed the rowing machine at five different speeds for a fixed amount of time. There were many factors, which could have altered the results slightly or by a huge amount. While a person does exercise he should not be given any food to eat whilst doing any of the experiment, because this could increase the amount of energy he has and so decrease his heart rate by supplying enough oxygen and energy to his muscles. Giving him too much food could also possibly give him a "stitch"; therefore he wouldn't be able to complete the experiment (obviously the subject must not be changed for obvious reason during the experiment). If the subject of the experiment were to drink, during the experiment, that would give him an unfair advantage to supply his body with the water loss, therefore the body now has a chance to supply the body's water loss (perspiration) for more
Ghost story The ward was filled with a deathly silence. Its sickeningly clinical smell engulfing the lungs of the eager, but fatigued, medical student. Beth
First Draft: 25/12/05 Re-drafted: 02/02/06 Loren Macdonald Ghost story The ward was filled with a deathly silence. Its sickeningly clinical smell engulfing the lungs of the eager, but fatigued, medical student. Beth yawned as she flicked through countless medical texts. She wondered if medical school was really for her; it was filled with late nights, exams and, at the moment, elderly people who would talk to in their sleep. As if on cue, she could hear Mr Adams in Bay 3 already muttering. She knew that in time he would grow louder. Rolling her deep blue eyes she strode over to his bedside. The crisp white sheets and the blue blankets were twisted and the old man was covered in a cold sweat. "The blood," the man muttered. "How will I ever get rid of all of the blood?" Horrified, she stepped back making a figure in one of the side room's windows visible. She sighed; it was becoming more and more frequent that they would move patients and not tell her. Either that or Mr Adams had awoken some unsuspecting patient who, subsequently, took shelter in the side room. Mustering up the energy to move into the side room she sipped her steaming cup of the thick black coffee that the hospital supplied her with. There was a light on in the side room casting an eerie glow, through the slats in the blind, into the darkened ward. Cautiously she opened the door and walked in. The
