Effect of enzyme concentration on initial rate of reaction
Effect of enzyme concentration on initial rate of reaction The objective of this experiment is to determine how differentiating the concentration of the enzyme catalase affects the initial rate of reaction, in the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) The equation of this reaction is: Hydrogen Peroxide(aq) --> Water(l) + Oxygen(g) 2H2O2(aq) + catalase(aq) --> 2H2O(l) + O2(g) The source of the enzyme Catalase in this experiment will be yeast, specifically the Saccharomyces Cerewisea strain, as it is easy to obtain and very safe with no harmful effects to the environment. The technique used to obtain a set of results will be the downward displacement method, where evolved oxygen product from the reaction is passed through a delivery tube and into a water filled burette, pushing the water out of the burette, leaving obtainable results of Oxygen collected. These results will be taken every 5 seconds for two minutes and will give the rate of reaction. My Equipment will be: * Burette * Side-arm Conical Flask * Bung * Tubing * Yeast * Hydrogen peroxide * Water Bath * Water/Margarine Tub * Distilled water/pH7 buffer * Stopwatch I chose to have a burette to collect the evolved Oxygen, as it has a great degree of accuracy. The gas can be measured to 0.05ml or 0.5cm3. I chose to have a side arm conical flask to provide a source for the evolved oxygen to travel
The process of homopoiesis
The process of homopoiesis Explain how homopoiesis occurs and how it results in mature red blood cells. How are other formed elements in blood made? Explain how homopoiesis is regulated by negative feedback mechanism. Describe three conditions, which would interfere with this and result in anemias. The process of homopoiesis takes place in the red bone marrow, which is a soft network of reticular connective tissue that borders on wide blood capillaries called sinusoids. In this network are immature blood cells, macrophages, fat cells, and reticular cells (the fibroblasts that secrete the fibers). Each type of blood cell is produced at different rates, according to the body's changing needs. All formed elements of blood begin as the same type of stem cell, the hematopoietic stem cell. The appearance of membrane surface receptors, which respond to different hormones, are what determine which type of formed element a stem cell will become. RBC production (erythropoiesis) starts when a hemocytoblast known as a myeloid stem cell that becomes a proerythroblast. These then become early (basophilic) erythroblasts that produce millions of ribosomes. In these first two phases, the cells divide many times. Haemoglobin synthesis and iron accumulation occur while the early erythroblast becomes a late erythroblast and then a normoblast. It's cytoplasm color changes as the blue staining
Factors affecting osmosis in potatoes cells.
Science sc1 Factors affecting osmosis in potatoes cells What I am going to Investigate In my project I am going to investigate the how salt solution affects osmosis. To make it a "fair test" I am going to change the strength of the salt solution. For each of the test tubes in my investigation I will dilute the salt solution and see how it has an effect on the potato cells. A fair test means that you only change one variable in the investigation. In order to make it a fair test I will only change the strength of the salt solution (NaCl). In this topic I already know that when the potatoes is left in strong NaCl the cell goes turgid with means the cell goes stiff and due to this the potatoes goes stiff because water goes in to the potatoes due to osmosis. If you don't know already what osmosis is then here is a brief definition, Osmosis is the movement of water take place through the cell membrane, which separates the cell contents from the surroundings. Cell membranes allow some substances to pass through and stop other substances from passing: they are partially permeable. In general, substances pass through a membrane if their particles are smaller than the pores in the membrane. When two solutions are separated by a partially permeable membrane, water passes through the membrane in both directions. The net flow of water is from the more dilute solution to the more
Investigation to see how different concentrations of a sucrose solution affect osmosis in a Potato chip
Investigation to see how different concentrations of a sucrose solution affect osmosis in a Potato chip. Scientific background: Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. This is done normally to form equilibrium between the solutions. Osmosis is mostly known for taking place in plants, where water is drawn from the soil into the root hair cell, as the cell has a solution of higher concentration than the water in soil. As the root hair cell absorbs more water, its solution becomes more dilute, and this is how water is passed along the cells of the plant. This flow of water also contains dissolved mineral salts. When cells absorb a lot of water, they become turgid, with the cell wall stopping them from bursting. This is how plants stand up in order to reach sunlight, etc. The selectively permeable membrane basically only lets molecules through of a certain size, such as in the sucrose solution, where the water molecules are much smaller than the sugar molecules. The membrane would have holes in it just big enough for the water molecules to fit through, so the much bigger sugar molecules wouldn't be able to pass through it. This is why when a plant cell is placed in a solution of low concentration; it will absorb water, making the solution
The aim of my experiment is to investigate how the mass of potato (concentration of catalase) affects the rate of reaction with hydrogen peroxide.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO HOW THE MASS OF POTATO AFFECTS THE RATE OF REACTION OF THE ENZYME CATALASE SKILL AREA P: PLANNING Aim: The aim of my experiment is to investigate how the mass of potato (concentration of catalase) affects the rate of reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Introduction: In a chemistry lesson I learnt that an enzyme is a biological protein that acts as a catalyst in living cells. A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of reaction without being used up. Therefore it can be re-used. Catalysts help substances to react more easily by breaking and forming bonds between atoms. Most catalysts speed up their reactions. This is because particles need less energy to react, so the reactions proceed more quickly. The reaction I am investigating occurs in humans because hydrogen peroxide is a by-product of some chemical reactions that take place in our cells. The reason that hydrogen peroxide needs to be broken down is because it is very poisonous as H2O2 but is harmless as water and oxygen. Here is an equation to show this reaction: Hydrogen Peroxide Oxygen + Water 2H2O2 O2 + 2H2O However in my investigation I will be using potatoes as it contains living cells and the enzyme catalase. Key Variables: In the experiment I could have varied the following factors to find out how the rate of reaction is affected. *Concentration of
Vary an independent factor to see whether it affects the activity of the enzyme Catalase, using Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and a potato solution (which has Catalase in it).
Catalase Investigation By Christopher Stylianou Aim To vary an independent factor to see whether it affects the activity of the enzyme Catalase, using Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and a potato solution (which has Catalase in it). Factors All the independent variables, which could affect the investigation of Catalase, are: * The temperature of the enzyme: By changing the temperature the enzyme is working at, it might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The potato surface area: By changing the surface area of the potato, this might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The mass of the potato: By changing the amount of potato used in the experiment, it might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The concentration of H2O2: By changing the concentration of H2O2, this might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The concentration of the potato solution: By changing the concentration of the solution by using water, it might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The temperature of H2O2: By changing the temperature of H2O2 using water baths etc... this might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The pH of the potato solution: By altering the pH of the potato solution, it could affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. * The volume of H2O2: By changing the volume of H2O2, it might affect the activity of the enzyme Catalase. *
The effect of different sucrose (sugar) concentrations on osmosis in potato cylinders
The effect of different sucrose (sugar) concentrations on osmosis in potato cylinders Background: Osmosis is essential in all biological systems. It is applied to water purification and desalination, waste material treatment, and many other chemical and biochemical laboratory and industrial processes. Osmosis is the diffusion of water down the 'concentration' gradient (from an area with more water molecules to an area with less water molecules) through a semi-permeable membrane. Water moves from an area of high water concentration (high water potential) to one with a low water concentration (low water potential). Osmosis is important in plant cells as it makes them turgid, therefore containing more water in the vacuole to keep the shape of the plant. If there is not enough water then the vacuoles shrink, causing the plant to become flaccid and wilt. Aim: The aim of this experiment is to study the effect that different sucrose concentrations have on the mass and length of potato cylinders. Method: Six 100ml beakers are to be filled with a measured amount (80ml) of different concentrations of sucrose solutions measured at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% using an100ml measuring cylinder. We are using Asda White potatoes. Cut 18 potato cylinders (3 for each beaker) using an apple corer. We use an apple corer of 1.1cm to ensure that the diameter and therefore the
My main aim in this experiment is to find out if osmosis occurs in a potato, and how it affects the potato in different molar solutions of sucrose and water.
PASSIVE PROCESSES Aim My main aim in this experiment is to find out if osmosis occurs in a potato, and how it affect the potato in different molar solutions of sucrose and water. Planning Before actually planning the experiment, I will do some research to find out about osmosis, and matters related to it, so that I can make predictions. And figure out a way to make this investigation fair and safe. Planning ahead would help me find out how to do what, when, which should lead me to good results at the end of the experiment. Osmosis The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration. In a higher concentration of water there is a lower solute being called a weak or dilute solution and a low concentration of water is a higher solute being called a strong or concentrated. In a semi permeable membrane water divides to two solutions from high to low until both are equal. This water will move across the semi permeable into cells where there is lower water concentration by osmosis, this makes cells swell (turgid). Hypothesis Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a weaker solution into a stronger solution, through a partially permeable membrane. In this case, the tiny holes in the membrane of the potatoes will allow the water molecules to pass through in and out of the
In this experiment our intention is to test the effects of concentration upon a reaction involving hydrogen peroxide and an enzyme known as catalase
PLAN Aim In this experiment our intention is to test the effects of concentration upon a reaction involving hydrogen peroxide and an enzyme known as catalase - in which hydrogen peroxide is broken down in to oxygen and water aided by the enzyme, which is found in potato. Below is the following reaction which occurs in our experiment: The arrow represents the process of Catalysis; the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the involvement of the previously motioned enzyme, catalase. Background The rate of reaction relies upon a number of principles to work. One of these being, collision theory - this states that in order for something to react it must collide with enough energy with something else. Another being, activation energy - the energy needed to break the bonds of the reactants and so allows new bonds to form the products. This can be shown through the use of an energy level diagram (below): Using the enzyme catalase also increases the rate of reaction because of the lowered energy of activation. This means more particles have the required energy of activation. By using Boltzmann's Distribution we can easily show the effects on activation energy due to the catalase. This is the energy needed for activation of the reactants. Any particles with equal or more energy after this point will react when they collide due to them meeting the required energy or
Osmosis Investigation - find the concentration of solutes in plant cells (potato root).
Osmosis Investigation Aim To find the concentration of solutes in plant cells (potato root). Preliminary Work To give me an idea of what to expect in my actual investigation, and to help me perfect my method, I did a preliminary investigation. I took two salt solutions (0.0m and 0.5m) and put 3 chips of approximately the same mass and dimensions, left them in a dry place for 2 hours, and then recorded the change in mass. I recorded my results on a table: Salt Solution (m) Chip Number Start Mass (g) End mass (g) Mass change (g) Mass change (%) Average change (%) 0.0 2 3 2.65 2.65 2.26 2.79 2.80 2.37 0.14 0.15 0.11 5.23 5.66 4.57 5.27 0.5 2 3 .55 .77 2.21 .43 .57 2.05 -0.12 -0.26 -0.18 -7.74 -11.29 -7.24 -10.11 From doing these experiments I have found out what method to use and a rough idea of what results to expect. These will also help me to make my prediction. Prediction Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. The molecules travel from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. If there are two solutions with different concentrations of water, the solution with the higher concentration's water molecules will move across the semi-permeable membrane to the lower concentrated solution. Eventually, the solutions will have the same concentrations of water,
