Biology Recycling
Recycling is a way to decrease the amount of rubbish being filling up the landfill, it also helps the environment and is a sustainable development. The aim of this investigation is to find out some aspects about domestic recycling. Of particular interest is:- * What people widely recycle * How much of different things people recycle * Why people do/don't want to recycle So I created a basic questionnaire to find out what people would want to say about recycling and what changes they would want in the environment in the future. . Do you recycle? Yes No If No Thank you for your cooperation 2. Do you think that recycling is beneficial for the environment? Yes No Not sure Why do you think recycling is beneficial or harmful for the environment? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What resources do you recycle? Plastic Glass Paper Metal Clothes Garden Waste 4. How often are your recycling bins collected? Twice a Week Weekly Fortnightly Once in a Month Other _________________ 5. What would you change about current recycling? No Change 6. Should we increase council tax for better recycling? Yes
The effect of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria.
The effect of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria. The Aim: The aim of this investigation is to find out what effect out of two antibiotics, penicillin and streptomycin has on the growth and multiplication of two different species of bacteria. The two different types of bacteria we will be using are E-coli and micrococcus luteus. The Apparatus: * Four sterilised Agar plates, * Glass spreader, * Masking tape, * Wax pencil, * Lab roll, * A beaker with 70% alcohol, * E- coli (Culture) * Micrococcus luteus (culture), * Penicillin (antibiotics), * Streptomycin (antibiotics). Scientific Knowledge: E-coli: E-coli are a common type of bacteria and are short for the medical term Escherichia coli. This normally lives inside your intestines, where it helps your body break down and digest the food you eat. E. coli bacteria was discovered by a German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich in the 1885.The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. But also we need it in our bodies to keep them healthy we pretty much depend on E-Coli in our intestines to provide us with Vitamin K and B complex vitamins which play a vital role in keeping us strong and healthy. Penicillin: Penicillin was the first naturally-occurring antibiotic discovered and was the first one to be used therapeutically Penicillin was discovered by
Are Blue-Green Algae Bacteria?
ARE BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BACTERIA? Russell Nash Blue-Green Algae, or Cyanophyta, are simple organisms that are believed to be the evolutionary link between bacteria and green plants. Fossils that are over three billion years old have been discovered in sediments and are concluded to be one of the first organisms to release oxygen into the atmosphere. Today, Cyanophyta are abundant throughout the world, found in salt marshes, on tree trunks, in fish tanks etc. Besides the typical bluish-green colour, Cyanophyta can vary from a blackish-green to an orange-yellow. As well as providing an evolutionary link, Blue-Green Algae serve an integral part of our lives with its importance in food supplements as well as its ability to cause economic damage via algal blooming. In this essay I aim to show the similarities and differences between Cyanophyta and bacteria using points of comparison, to answer the question whether Blue-Green Algae can be classed as bacteria. Blue-Green algae are prokaryotic, unlike the rest of the algae family, which can also be said for bacteria. Most of bacteria and Cyanophyta can only be seen through a microscope because they have only one cell and are around 1µm in diameter. In both bacteria and Cyanophyta, the cells have rigid walls. Bacteria have external flagella, which aid movement. Cyanophyta never have flagella. The DNA is able to float freely in a
Biology- enzyme coursework
Biology Coursework: Enzymes By Kerry Douglas Investigate the Effect of Temperature on the Action of the Enzyme Amylase This expirment was set up to find the effect of different tempetures on the enzyme: Amylase. We had two different variables: Independent and Dependent. Independent Variable: The factor to be changed in the investigation. In the this practical it was the temperature. Using water baths we had a range of six temperatures - 25°C to 50°C with 5°C intervals between each. Dependent Variable: The factor to be measured during the investigation. In this practical it was the time taken for starch to break down. We did this using a stop-clock and we were able to calculate the rate of reaction. Rate of reaction= 1/time taken (s-1) Controlled Variables: These are the factors which must be kept constant to create a fair test. In our investigation we used the: . Same enzymes 2. Same substrate 3. Same volume of enzyme and substrate 4. Same time intverals for measurment 5. Same volume of Iodine 6. Same concentration of Amylase Hypothesis : In this invesigation I predict that as the temperature increases, the rate of reaction will increase, but this will only occur up to a certain point and temperature or the enzyme will become denatured- causing the rate to decrease drastically. I believe this because most chemical reaction happens faster when the
Does Traffic Pollution Cause Asthma?
Introduction In my case study, I aim to research whether there is a correlation between asthma and traffic pollution. I will show this by identifying traffic pollution, asthma and its causes. I will present this through graphs and text which include, how asthma is caused and if traffic pollution has an effect on it or not. I will study a range of articles and arguments whether people believe that traffic pollution is one of the causes of asthma. Page 1 Asthma and the statistics for it in children Page 2 Which gases come out of cars Page 3 Correlation graphs Page 4 Is there a correlation between traffic pollution and asthma Page 5 Reasons why there would be Page 6 Reasons why there wouldn't be Page 7 Conclusion References Asthma Symptoms of asthma occur when a person with asthma comes into contact with something that irritates airways. Airways will then tighten, swell and become narrower. Sticky mucus and phlegm builds up in the airway lining making them even more narrow and irritated. The airways are small tubes that carry air to and from your lungs. This diagram shows a normal air tube and then an inflamed one. STATISTICS FOR ASTHMA IN CHILDREN * In 2005, 27 children (14 and under) died from asthma * 42% of people with asthma say that traffic fumes stop them from walking and shopping in congested areas * One in ten children have asthma and it is
GAS EXCHANGE
Gas Exchange Gas exchange supplies oxygen for cellular respiration and disposes of carbon dioxide: an overview • Gas exchange is the uptake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the discharge of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the environment. • The source of oxygen, the respiratory medium, is air for terrestrial animals and water for aquatic animals. • The atmosphere is about 21% O2 (by volume). • Dissolved oxygen levels in lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water vary considerably, but they are always much less than an equivalent volume of air. • The part of an animal where gases are exchanged with the environment is the respiratory surface. • Movements of CO2 and O2 across the respiratory surface occurs entirely by diffusion. • The rate of diffusion is proportional to the surface area across which diffusion occurs, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance through which molecules must move. • Therefore, respiratory surfaces tend to be thin and have large areas, maximizing the rate of gas exchange. • In addition, the respiratory surface of terrestrial and aquatic animals are moist to maintain the cell membranes and thus gases must first dissolve in water. • Because the respiratory surface must supply O2 and expel CO2 for the entire body, the structure of a respiratory surface depends mainly on the size of the organism,
A2 Biology Coursework -Investigation into the effect of different concentrations of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria
Biology Coursework Aim: My aim is to investigate the effect of different concentrations of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria. Hypothesis: I predict that as the concentration of the antibiotics increases the bacteria growth decreases Null Hypothesis There is no link between the concentration of antibiotics and the effects it has on the growth of the bacteria Theory Antibiotics work in 4 ways, which are listed below: . Cell Membrane Disruption - This involves making the cell fully permeable which results in substances moving into it causing it to burst and so kills the bacteria 2. Inhibiting Nucleic Acid Synthesis - This method doesn't kill the bacteria off but keeps the growth level static. The bacteria isn't able to replicate its DNA and so no binary fission occurs, causing the growth level to become static 3. Inhibiting Cell Wall Synthesis - This is where an antibiotic inhibits the enzyme required to form cross links within the cell wall and as a result the bacteria looses its structure and is unable to function properly . 4. Inhibiting mRNA Translation - This is where the Translation part of protein synthesis is inhibited by binding across the bacterial ribosome meaning proteins and enzymes the bacteria it requires isn't made and so dies. Having said how antibiotics work above, it is logical to presume that the higher the concentration of antibiotics
Heat loss from animals
Saira Hamid 1CM BIOLOGY COURSEWORK Heat loss from animals Investigation: To investigate heat loss from animals. Aim: To find out how body size affects the rate of heat loss. Background: The way heat is transferred from the animal to its surroundings can be done in three ways, convection, conduction and radiation. Convection: hot gases expand and become less dense, therefore rise and are replaced by cooler gases this is called the cooling affect. This happens in animals with less body coverings. Where the environmental temperature has a greater difference to that of the animal. Conduction: is when molecules transfer heat vibrating and passing on the vibration. This occurs when the animal is in direct contact with a surface, so the vibration molecules are passed from the animals' feet to the surface it is in contact with. Radiation: there are no molecules are involved in this type of heat transfer, so therefore the heat is transferred by waves. Some animals such as the polar bear, which lives in arctic conditions, has had to adapt in its environment, because it has to decrease the amount of heat loss and instead conserve the heat. Just like the polar bear other animals such as the camel have had to adapt to live in the desert conditions so therefore it needs to increase the amount of heat loss. Both these animals have had to adapt to the environment that they live
An Investigation into a Woodlice's Preferred Choice of Environment.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO A WOODLICE'S PREFERRED CHOICE OF ENVIRONMENT. SCENARIO When he was gardening, Kevin noticed that he rarely ever saw woodlice, but when he lifted stones or wood etc. The woodlice found underneath seemed to run in all directions. HYPOTHESIS Woodlice prefer dark, damp and warm surroundings to light, dry and cold environments, by setting up a choice chamber with all of the available conditions within, I will determine that woodlice do prefer a wetter, darker environment to a lighter, drier one. And I predict that you will find that the woodlice mover quickly to the wet/dark compartment, more so than the other three. Null Hypothesis:- Woodlice do not have a preferred environment for living in. Any difference that occurs will be due to chance factors. BIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE Woodlice appear as insects but in fact they are crustaceans. They are one of the only crustaceans known that have adapted to living on land instead of water. Like other insects, they have no shell, and they possess no waxy cuticle, which helps prevent water conservation. Because of this, woodlice are prone to losing water easily via evaporation due to their outer skin being very permeable. This is why they prefer to remain in damp environments. It is said that in dry air, within two hours they will be dead, (www.science.org.uk). By observing them in different environments (e.g.
Biology research - how animals area adapted to cold environments.
Khadeja Wodud 10Q Surviving the cold If an animal or plant is to survive it must be able to fit in with the environmental conditions which occur in its habitat. This fitting in is called adaptation. Every living thing is adapted to enable it to cope with a particular habitat’s environmental factors such as the air, water, soil, light and temperature. Polar bears and penguins never bump into each other. This because polar bears live only in the Arctic (the North Pole) and many species of penguins is found only in the Antarctic (the South Pole). Both animals are highly adapted for living in the coldest places in the world. It is vital for a mammal, being a ‘warm-blooded’ vertebrate, to keep warm in order to maintain its body at a constant temperature. If it cannot do this it will die. The Arctic is the coldest place inhabited by land mammals and these have very thick fur, which insulates the body by trapping air. They also have a layer of stored fat under the skin which gives additional insulation. Like many Arctic mammals, the polar bear has white fur made of hollow hairs, which traps and warms air. The polar bear has wide, large paws help them to walk in the snow. Ultra-violet light is funnelled from the sun down the hairs to the bear’s black skin, changing it into warmth. The dense undercoat is covered with an outer coat of long guard hairs. These help to keep the
