Investigate 'How much gas is released when a metal reacts with an acid.'

Chemistry Coursework Planning In my experiment, I am going to investigate 'How much gas is released when a metal reacts with an acid.' When I do the experiment, there will be many hazards that I will have to face and control so that there are no dangers to others or myself. First, I will have to wear my laboratory coat and safety glasses, as this is a compulsory obligation that must be undertaken in order to decrease the amount of accidents that can happen to the skin and eyes. I will have to be careful when handling the acid as acid is an irritant and can therefore cause injury easily, if spilt on someone's hand, for example. In order to keep the number of injuries to a minimum I will not carry acid around the classroom and I will make sure that any container holding acid is nowhere near the edge of a table or somewhere that it can be knocked off. If I do spill some of the acid I will alert the teacher to make sure that it is safe for me to clean it up. As well as this, I will have to be careful when using glass products, which will be quite frequent in this experiment. Glass can very easily be broken and can cause people to cut themselves quite deeply and if it gets into the eyes, it can cause blindness, in extreme cases. In order to keep the breaking of class to a bare minimum I will make sure that my hands are dry when carrying it so that it does not slip out of

  • Word count: 5123
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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concentration of acid rain

Determination of the concentration of acid rain The burning of fossil fuels has released tonnes of sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere, the consequence of which has been the formation of acid rain. Rain water is naturally acidic due to the presence of hydrocarbonate ions, but for this exercise it is to be assumed that all the acidity is caused by the presence of sulphuric acid. Aim: to calculate the concentration of sulphuric acid in acid rain. After consideration I have decided to use sodium hydroxide to calculate the concentration of the acid rain by means of an acid base reaction in a simple titration. Sodium carbonate was another alkali that I could have used but there are complications when using it in an acid base reaction. When the Na2CO3 reacts with the H2SO4 the CO32- ions react with the H+ to form CO2 and H2O. The carbon dioxide gas will bubble out of the titrated solution, this my distort the solution so it will be harder to see where the end point is. I know that the rough concentration of the acid rain is about 0.01 moles, so by means of a balanced equation I can determine the concentration of sodium hydroxide that would be suitable to titrate. H2SO4 + 2NaOH ? Na2SO4 + 2H2O As you can see we need twice as much sodium hydroxide compared to the sulphuric acid, so a concentration of 0.02 moles will be suitable. To make a solution of 0.02 moles I will need:

  • Word count: 527
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Standardization of bench hydrochloric acid

Experiment No.: 2 Date: Title: Standardization of bench hydrochloric acid Objective: To find the concentration of bench hydrochloric acid Chemicals Required: Bench Hydrochloric Acid (1M) 250cm3 Standard Sodium Carbonate Solution (0.05M) Methyl Orange Indicator Apparatus Required: 25cm3 Pipette x 1 Burette x 1 Pipette Filler x 1 Stand and Clamp x 1 Beaker x 2 Funnel x 1 250cm3 Conical Flask x 1 Dropper x 1 Clean White Paper x 1 Theory: Bench Hydrochloric Acid is titrated against 25cm3 Standard Sodium Carbonate Solution. 2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) The number of moles of Na2CO3 presented in the solution was divided by the volume of HCl(aq) used. The answer was multiplied by 2, and the result revealed the No. of Moles of HCl(aq) presented in the titre. The molarity of Bench Hydrochloric Acid could thus be calculated. Procedure: . 10 cm3 Bench Hydrochloric Acid was diluted to 100cm3 in a beaker, giving a solution of molarity around 0.1M. 2. The burette was rinsed with the diluted hydrochloric acid solution for 2 times. 3. The burette was filled with the diluted hydrochloric acid solution using the funnel. The initial level was recorded corrected to the nearest 0.05 cm3. 4. The burette was securely clamped. 5. 100cm3 Sodium Carbonate Solution was transferred into another beaker. 6. The pipette was first washed by deionized water, and

  • Word count: 1433
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Acid rain in Europe

Introduction What is acid rain? What are the causes of acid rain? What are the effects of acid rain? What can be done to reduce acid rain? What can be done to reduce and repair the damage done by acid rain? How practical are these solutions? What are the different views and attitudes of different groups involved in the debate? Introduction The atmosphere is like a film of gases, which makes the planet habitable. If this layer was not present there would be no life on earth. It is a fact that the health of plants, animals and humans depends upon a very important factor 'pollution'. Although, all kinds of poisonous waste is continuing to be put into the atmosphere. These poisonous gases are being produced when fossil fuels are burnt, as a result of this acid rain forms which further more results in numerous problems damaging forests, lakes, rivers, land, plants and animals. The main culprits of burning fossil fuels are MEDC's, which insist on maintaining their high standards of living. What is acid rain? Rain is naturally acidic but the term 'acid rain' is usually referred to as rain, which has been made more acidic than it should be due to the atmosphere absorbing the gasses emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. The gases are oxides of nitrogen and sulphur. Nitrogen oxide is usually given Nox as there are many of them, sulphur oxide SO2 and water H2O When these

  • Word count: 2046
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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To Investigate The Effect Of Varying Concentration On The Reaction Between Magnesium Ribbon And Hydrochloric Acid.

To Investigate The Effect Of Varying Concentration On The Reaction Between Magnesium Ribbon And Hydrochloric Acid. Factor To Be Investigated The factor I have chosen to investigate is the effect of varying concentration of hydrochloric acid, and to see how that affects the reaction between it and magnesium ribbon. Prediction I predict that the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution, the faster 35cm cubed of hydrogen will be produced. I predict this will happen because of Collision Theory. Collision Theory states that the higher the concentration of a substance, the closer together the ions of that substance is. In this case, this means that they higher the concentration of HCl ions in the solution, the more often they will collide with the magnesium ribbon, and therefore the reaction happens quicker. Apparatus In order to perform the experiment, the following apparatus is needed. The letters in brackets represent the key on the diagram Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Magnesium ribbons (Mg) A conical flask (Cf) Measuring cylinders (Mc) Gas syringe (Gs) Stop watch (Sw) Ruler (R) Scissors (S) Retort stand (RS) Water (H2O) Method Firstly, I will take five magnesium ribbons. Using the ruler and scissors, I will measure and cut them until they are exactly 5 cm long. Once done, I will, using a measuring cylinder, measure out the volume of

  • Word count: 1044
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Identification of an unknown organic compound

Identification of an unknown organic compound Aims: The aim of the identification experiment is to use a variety of tests to ultimately go to one functional group to identify an unknown organic compound. It could be one of the following: * Alkenes * Primary alcohol * Tertiary alcohol * Aldehyde * Ketones * Carboxylic acid * Ester * Phenol I will take each of the supplied functional groups and talk about them generally and identify a test which will be most suitable to identify whether that functional group is present in the unknown organic compound we are provided with. If tests need to be taken to see if oxygen, carbon dioxide or hydrogen gas has been given off, we will do the following: * Hydrogen - is present if we light a splint and put it in the test tube and it goes out with a squeaky pop. * Oxygen - is present if we light a wooden splint and blow it out and put it in the test tube and it rekindles. * Carbon dioxide - is present if when bubbled through lime water- it goes cloudy. During the experiment I will wear safety goggles, gloves and a laboratory coat throughout the whole experiment as some substances may cause irritant to the skin and be dangerous if in contact with skin and eyes. I will use 8 tests in total to identify the identity of the unknown organic compound. Alkenes Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and contain at least one double C=C

  • Word count: 2254
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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acid tabs

Chemistry Coursework, An investigation into the factors affecting the rate of reaction of indigestions tablets with acid. Planning, To start the investigation my partner and I discussed what affected rates of reaction. We managed to come up with 4 ideas: Surface area 2 Temperature 3 Concentration 4 Mixing of the substances (stirring) We decided to do 2 different preliminary experiment so we could chose which a certain variable to investigate and see what equipment was necessary to provide us with an accurate set of data. Our first Preliminary experiment was testing what affect heat had on the rate of reaction. We planned a basic experiment, We took a heatproof mat and placed a Bunsen burner on it. 2 We then put a tripod directly above the Bunsen burner on which we placed a conical flask with a bung and delivery tube tightly attached on. 3 We fed the delivery tube into a bowl of water. 4 Then a measuring cylinder was filled up with water, (to the very top) it was then turned upside down with a hand over the open hole letting no water out. It was the placed under (hole first). 5 The delivery tube was then placed inside of measuring cylinder (to collect any gas given off). 6 A timer was needed to time how long the experiment took. 7 The Conical flask was then filled up with 100cm3 of acid; this was then heated to the desired temperature (of which there was

  • Word count: 1434
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Preparation of a crystalline derivative.

Preparation of a crystalline derivative. . Place 0.5 cm3 (10 drops) of the unknown liquid. (If the substance is solid dissolve 0.5g in a minimum amount of methanol.) Add 5 cm3 of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution and stir. 2. If precipitation does not occur, carefully add 1 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid. 3. Using suction filtration apparatus as shown in diagram1, filter the precipitate. 4. Stop suction, either by lifting the funnel or by disconnecting the tubing, and soak the precipitate in about 1 cm3 of methanol. (Do not turn off the tap as you may get a "suck back" of water.) 5. Resume suction and dry the crystals by drawing air through them for a few minutes. 6. Recrystallize the solid using the following procedures. a. Transfer the crystals to a 150 cm3 beaker in a water bath. b. Dissolve the crystals in the minimum amount of hot ethanol. c. When the crystals have dissolved, cool the solution in an ice- water mixture until crystals re-appear. d. Filter the crystals as before. If necessary, rinse the beaker with the filtrate to complete the transfer. Wash the crystals with a few drops of cold ethanol. e. Press the crystals between filter paper to dry them thoroughly. Leave crystal in warm air until they are fully dry. Determination of the melting point of the derivative. . take a melting-point tube and push the open end through a pile of the derivative

  • Word count: 507
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Exploring physical properties of water (that have biological significance).

Biology --> Water By: Tahira Jamani Date: September 8th 2004 Investigation: Exploring physical properties of water (that have biological significance) Task: Design, then execute, a lab protocol to investigate water properties Research question: Is water co-hesive/ ad-hesive? Hypothesis: If we test water's co-hesion and ad-hesion on various papers, it will vary. For example, if we place water on wax paper, it will not be absorbed and thus helps to prove that it is not very ad-hesive as it will stay in a ball and will easily roll off. Also, the water will be easily broken if we were to try separating it using a metal stick, and this will show weak co-hesive forces. However on the other hand, if we test toilet paper, the water will be absorbed more easily and thus helps to prove that it is more ad-hesive to the paper as it will not be able to roll off. Furthermore, the water will not be able to split, and this will show strong co-hesive forces. All in all, it can be said that the stronger the ad-hesion, the stronger the co-hesion, and vice versa. We are hoping to see the weight of all the various papers increase, which will indicate that they have absorbed water and thus imply that the ad-hesion is great. Variables: Controlled variables: * Temperature (23o) * Amount of water on each paper (2 droplets) * Amount of paper used (6x6 cm) * Amount of time

  • Word count: 703
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

Aim To investigate the presence of simple sugars, non-reducing sugars, starch, proteins and fats in the food substances. Introduction Foods contain basic units. To determine which molecules are present in food, we have devised various tests to detect whether there is sugar, starch, protein, or lipid. These tests rely on the specific chemical; properties of the compound being tested. Method To perform the test, the below materials were needed: Materials * 12 boiling tubes * Dropper * Beaker * Unknown liquids A,B and C * Benedict's solution (blue) * Hydrochloric acid * Iodine solution (brown) * Sodium hydroxide * Copper sulphate (blue) * Ethanol Each student pair received three unknown samples dissolved in a solution of water. The below tests were performed in addition to any other physical observations we could make such as: colour, odour, clear or opaque, texture etc. Our results were recorded in a data table. Benedict's test - for simple (reducing sugar): A small amount of each unknown liquids was taken in three separate boiling tubes. To each of them Benedict's solution was added. All three tubes were heated gently for 2 minutes in the waterbath. A colour change from blue to orange was searched and the result was noted in the table. Iodine test - for starch: A small amount of each unknown liquids was taken in three separate boiling tubes. To each of them

  • Word count: 593
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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