GNVQ/Vocational Science - Reduction of Copper including methods of extracting metals (copper) in industry

Reduction of Copper Carbonate Introduction Malachite is a rock, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2, Copper Carbonate Hydroxide and it is found in Shaba, Congo; Tsumeb, Nambia; Ural mountains, Russia; Mexico; several sites in Australia; England and several localities in the Southwestern United States especially in Arizona, USA. Copper, Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are the elements that make up malachite. The copper in Malachite can be extracted through a displacement reaction. A single-displacement reaction is where one element appears to move out of one compound and into another. This is usually written as: A + BX › AX + B This will occur if A is more reactive than B. (Malachite) Risk Assessment The open end of the boiling tube should be pointed away from any person so that anything that spits out it does not cause any harm. Wear goggles. The equipment is going to get very hot so you must be careful not to touch it until it cools. Method . Put 10 g of malachite powder into a large test tube and heat it gently until it turns black and stops rising in the test tube. 2. Allow the tube to cool. 3. Add 1 g of carbon powder and mix well. 4. Heat the mixture strongly until it turns red. 5. Let the mixture cool. 6. Then separate the copper from the waste by half filling the test tube with water and pouring the mixture

  • Word count: 2147
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigating the laboratory preparation of pure metal.

Investigating the laboratory preparation of pure metal Introduction. Malachite, a very popular semi-precious gemstone, is a secondary mineral of copper. It has a characteristic green colour with light green streaks, and is normally opaque. Its hardness varies from 3.5 to 4.0 on the Mohs scale. As a decorative stone, malachite was widely used, especially in Tsarist Russia; the Hermitage museum in St Petersburg contains numerous malachite artefacts (including the famous Malachite Room); and the columns of St Isaac's cathedral in the city were carved from the stone Electrolysis Electrolysis is a process by which electrons are forced through a chemical cell, thus causing a chemical reaction. The positive change usually attracts electrons, and the electrode providing electrons is called cathode, because reduction takes place on it. Positive ions (cations) are attracted to the positive electrode (cathode). Negative ions (anions) are attracted to the positive electrode (anode). Electrolysis causes chemical reactions; amounts of reactants, products, energy and change are inter-related. Electrolysis in that the metal deposited from electrolysis plated out on the surface of another metal. Electrolysis is the break down of a substance by electricity. Electrolysis only occurs in when an ionic substance is molten or is in solution, a substance that can be electrolysed is called

  • Word count: 803
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Test whether the length of time affects the amount of copper deposited on a cathode electrode.

Electrolysis Aim: The aim of this experiment is to test whether the length of time affects the amount of copper deposited on a cathode electrode. Apparatus needed * Power pack to supply the electrical current for electrolysis to take place. * Wires to join the components including an ammeter. * Multimeter to act as an ammeter to measure the current * Crocodile clips to clip electrodes to the beaker * Beaker, which will contain the electrodes and the copper sulphate. * Soft tissue paper to dry the copper sulphate off the cathode electrode. * Balance to weigh the cathode electrode * Stopwatch to measure the time the power is supplied * Copper sulphate, which will be the electrolyte. * Copper strips to be used as electrodes. Method . Weigh the cathode electrode and record the weight in a table. 2. Take a 100 cm3 beaker and fill 75 cm3 with the electrolyte, which is copper sulphate. 3. put a multimeter coming directly from the power pack and set to 6 volts. 4. complete the circuit with the multimeter set to be an ammeter. 5. switch the power pack on and simultaneously start the stopwatch. 6. time for exactly 2 minutes and turn the power pack off. 7. take out the cathode electrode and wipe carefully with the soft tissue paper. 8. weigh the electrode and record the results. 9. repeat steps 5-8 six times, so the total time comes to 12 minutes. 0. once the

  • Word count: 1848
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigating Phase Changes

Nicole Calo September 5, 2008 Chemistry Ms. Semkin INVESTIGATING PHASE CHANGES: Heating and Cooling Curves Background information Pure matter can exist in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. A change of phase takes place when matter changes from one phase to another. Phase changes take place when heat is given or taken away from a substance. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid turns into a liquid. The freezing point is the temperature at which the liquid turns into a liquid. The melting point of a substance is the same as its freezing point. At this temperature, solid and liquid can exist together. Purpose ) Determine what temperature changes occur when a substance changes phase. 2) Determine the melting point (freezing point) of a pure unknown substance. 3) Identify the unknown pure substance in your test tube. Materials Safety glasses Test tube with unknown substance in it Utility clamp Test tube holder Stop watch Celsius thermometer Ring stand Bunsen burner Ring clamp Wire mesh Beaker 250ml Beaker 500ml Matches Pendulum stand Gas source Stirring rod Procedure Part 1 Heating Curve ) Attach the ring clamp to the pendulum stand and place the wire mesh upon it. Place the Bunsen burner attached to a gas source underneath the ring clamp. 2) Fill a 250ml beaker three-fourths full of warm water and place it on

  • Word count: 1084
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Rocks and Metals - Rocks and the Earth

CD3 Rocks and Metals Rocks and the Earth There are 3 main types of rock . These are sedimentary , metamorphic and igneous . Igneous rocks are formed by molten lava escaping from the mantle and cooling down to form solid , crystalline rock. The faster the new rock cools the smaller the crystals in the rock are. Eg Granite Sedimentary rocks are made when small chippings of rock accumulate on the seabed and are crushed together over thousands of years. These chippings are worn from rocks by wind, rain and ice , this is called erosion or weathering. The chippings are carried to the sea by rivers and streams. Eg sandstone Metamorphic rocks are formed when high temperatures or pressures act on sedimentary or igneous rocks changing them. Eg marble The earth is made up of four main layers. The inner and outer cores are in the middle and are made of iron. Outside the core there is a layer of dense liquid rock called magma. This layer of magma is called the mantle. The thin solid layer of rock that makes up the outside of the earth is called the crust. Plate Tectonics The crust is not all one piece but is made up of sections called plates. These plates are

  • Word count: 814
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Suitability Test

Suitability Test Introduction My work is about a scenario where a building contractor that wishes to develop an area of land into new houses for families. The Environment Agency has been asked to check the land for contamination. My task is to decide which method of testing Ph values in soil is most suitable for an environmental scientist. The desirable characteristics should be: * Safe: So no one is harmed whilst using it. * Easy To Use: So its easier to carry out more than once * Accurate: So that the readings are reliable. * Light: So it is easy to carry around. * Portable: So that it is easy to transport around. * Durable: So it can last longer. * Small: So that it's easier to transport. * Cheap: So it saves money and is cost effective. * Energy Efficient: So it doesn't need a mains power supply. Evaluation RED= Poor ORANGE= Average GREEN= Good Cost Litmus U.I. Solution Soil Probe pH Probe About 3p £4.15 £6.95 £294.46 Accuracy Litmus U.I. Solution Soil Probe pH Probe Acid/Alkali 0.5 .0 0.01 Time for results Litmus U.I. Solution Soil Probe pH Probe 5 Minutes 5 Minutes Minute 5-10 Minutes Sensitivity Litmus U.I. Solution Soil Probe pH Probe Acid/Alkali -14 Full Range 4-7 Full Range - More Accurate Durability Litmus U.I. Solution Soil Probe pH Probe ***** *** **** **** Easy To Use Litmus U.I. Solution

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1037
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Electrolysis : It is known that by passing a constant electric current through an aqueous copper sulphate solution

GCSE Chemistry - Electrolysis Coursework AIMS It is known that by passing a constant electric current through an aqueous copper sulphate solution that the passage of ions through this solution results in copper atoms being dissolved into the solution from the anode while positive copper ions (cations) being discharged at the cathode. Normally anions are discharged at the anode. The experiment carried out aimed to monitor the quantity of Copper (Cu) metal deposited during the electrolysis of Copper Sulphate solution (CuSo4) using Copper electrodes, when certain variables were changed. It was considered that the following factors could affect the deposition of Copper metal on the cathode. . Time 2. Current 3. Temperature 4. Molarity/Concentration of Solution 5. Quantity of Solution 6. Size of Electrodes 7. Distance between the electrodes 8. The surface of the electrodes The time was chosen because it is an easy quantity to measure and record, whilst at the same time maintaining the other variables at a constant level. The other factors could be observed in later experiments, should time allow. PREDICTIONS It is possible to predict that the relationship will be directly proportional between the time the current flows and the mass of Copper deposited on the Cathode (negative electrode). I can therefore predict that if I double the

  • Word count: 1496
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

My aim of this experiment is to find out if the number of coulombs affects the amount of copper produced.

I am doing an experiment on electrolysis with copper sulphate and this is what I am planning to do. AIM: My aim of this experiment is to find out if the number of coulombs affects the amount of copper produced. HYPOTHESIS: I think that the copper will be deposited at the negative cathode as the copper ions have a positive charge, so it gets attracted by the negative cathode. The sulphate, as it has a negative ion, it will be attracted by the positive anode, but as it is not a halogen, oxygen will be given off (this is one of the many rules we have learnt about electrolysis). METHOD: I am going to set up the apparatus (as shown in the diagram on page ). I will sand the copper electrodes first, and then dip them into the copper sulphate. We will use 250ml of copper sulphate solution at 1 mole concentration. I will use a stopwatch and change the time by two minutes each time, and do it 7 times and we will do the experiment three times for each different time, which makes a total of 21 parts to the experiment. We are going to do it three times, so we will be able to get an average result. We will be using 2 amps throughout the experiment so it will be a fair experiment. After the given time for each part of the experiment we do; we will swill it in propane to dry the piece of copper, with copper deposited on it, without taking the copper deposit on it off. Then we will weigh

  • Word count: 1031
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Electrolysis - investigation to find the amount of copper gained or lost on the electrodes using a different amounts of current each time during electrolysis. How does the changing of the current and surrounding temperature effect the electrodes?

Electrolysis Jamie Maunder Aim: The aim of the investigation is to find the amount of copper gained or lost on the electrodes using a different amounts of current each time during electrolysis. How does the changing of the current and surrounding temperature effect the electrodes? Variables: Throughout the experiment I will change the amount of current used. I will measure the weight of the electrodes after each test. To make the test fair I will be keeping the same electrodes throughout the experiment. Prediction: I predict that as the current increases the mass gained on the anode will decrease and the mass gained on the Cathode will increase. The reason that I predict this is due to what I have been taught this year about the process of electrolysis. Electrolysis is the process of decomposing the compounds by electrical energy and an element is produced at each electrode. In this case I have chosen copper sulphate solution to electrolyse. In the experiment when the solution is being electrolysed it starts to decompose and at cathode there is copper formed and oxygen at the anode. This is caused by electricity from the power supply, which has caused a chemical change. At cathode copper ions become atom and formed on it: Cu2+ + 2e- Cu At anode the copper decompose forming copper ions: Cu Cu2+ - 2e- Therefore the result is that anode wears away while cathode gains

  • Word count: 1260
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Acid Rain and Its Effects

Acid rain is not just rain as the name would suggest, but any form of precipitation with acidic levels below, as a guideline, 5.6pH (remember the lower the pH, the greater the acidity). 5.6pH is given as a guideline because this would be the pH of carbonic acid rain in average CO2 air conditions. However there are other gases that cause different types of acid rain, and some cause lower pH levels than this. This is why most people have now ditched the '5.6 or lower pH is acid rain' concept. In actuality, acid rain is rain with a pH that is unusually low compared to it's surrounding because it has acid in it. Acid rain is caused by water in any state (solid, liquid or gas) picking up gases such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide in any stage of the hydrological cycle. What matters is that as the acidic gases come into contact with the water and the two compounds become a mixture that is a dilute liquid acid. The amount of acidic gas the water picks up affects the acidity of the acid rain. There is more to this however, if an alkaline base is present in the water and all the acid is completely neutralized, though acid was in the rain, it cannot be called 'acid rain'. Here are the summarized characteristics that make acid rain, acid rain. * It must be acidic * There must be (an) un-reacted gas(es) present * It must be an acid dilute in water * It must be

  • Word count: 742
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay