The aim is to investigate if there is a link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel and the amount of heat produced by that fuel.

Chemistry - Coursework Aim The aim is to investigate if there is a link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel and the amount of heat produced by that fuel. Prediction I predict that the more carbon atoms that are in a fuel, the more heat the fuel will generate. Risk Assessment There are some safety precautions that will have to be taken when the experiment is carried out. These will be determined by the hazards that are in the room and hazards that could occur. These are: * Heatproof mat * Goggles * Tie tucked in shirt * Hair clipped back * The alcohol's are flammable so care must be taken with them * Equipment might get hot * There will be naked flames Equipment used and reasons ³ Calorimeter - this is used to hold water. This is used because it is non flammable so even when in close contacts with the fuels, it will not burn. ³ Tripod - this is used to keep calorimeter at a safe distance away from the fuels. ³ Heat proof mat - this is used so that the desk does not get burned or marked when the fuels are burning. ³ Thermometer - this is used to measure the temperature of the water, before and after the experiment. ³ Measuring cylinder - this was used to measure the 100ml of water that was needed for the experiment. ³ Alcohols - this is used as the fuels for the experiment ³ Foil - this is used to stop heat escaping for the fuels so

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 859
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

The purpose of this lab is to identify two different unknown organic compounds, through investigating different chemical properties by various experiments. The chemicals could be alkanes (hexane), alkenes (hex-1-ene) or alcohols (methylpentan-1-ol or hexa

Identification of unknown organic compounds Mohit Parkash Elias Assaf Mr. Nicolas Chemistry B N2A IEGS Introduction; We are provided with three sample bottles each containing 5-10 cm3 of aqueous solutions. Two of the compounds are pure organic substances while one substance is a mixture of the two pure organic compounds. The pure substances provided could possibly be Hexane, Hex-1-ene, Hexan-1-ol or methylpentan-1-ol. Aim; The purpose of this lab is to identify two different unknown organic compounds, through investigating different chemical properties by various experiments. The chemicals could be alkanes (hexane), alkenes (hex-1-ene) or alcohols (methylpentan-1-ol or hexan-1ol). Background; Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols are all organic compounds with different chemical/physical properties. Different chemical properties give different reactions with other substances, and different physical properties are for instance boiling point, melting point and density. By testing for their properties it is possible to determine what an unknown organic compound is. Alkenes are very useful compounds that can be used for fuel and illuminant, for the manufacture of a variety of polymers and as raw material for the manufacture of industrial chemicals such as alcohols etc. Alkanes are very useful compounds that can be used in the production of polymers and fuels. The

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1605
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Chemistry - Reactivity Serires report

Name: Daniel Shih Form: 5D Teacher: Dr. Aravind School: Kiangsu-Chekiang College International Section Date: 12th January 2007 Index I Introduction Planning - Aims, Variables, Fair Test, Prediction, Hypothesis Planning - Apparatus, Procedure, Measurement, Safety rules Obtaining - Observation, Results Observation Analyse - Table 1 and Table 2 Analyse - Table 3 and Table 4 Analyse - Table 5 Evaluation, Conclusion Resources Introduction: What is the reactivity of metal? The reactivity of metal was the rate of metal which it would be reacting with each others. The higher the reactivity was, they could have replaced the more other kind of metal in the metal solutions. The metal who has the highest reactivity now is Potassium (K). What is metal? Metal is elements, there were more than 50 kinds of metals scientists have discovered today. The metal have different reactivity rate. Just like the Food Chain, higher reactivity metal can replace the lower reactivity metal when the reactions have occurs. How the reactions can occurs? The reaction occurs when a metal have replaced the other kind of metal in a solution, as example, When Magnesium have be drop into a Iron Sulphate solution, reaction occurs. Magnesium will take over irons placed, and formed Magnesium Sulphate solution, and left with Iron crystal. The Word equation will be: Magnesium + Iron Sulphate

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 3075
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Hydrocarbons and the importance of oil as a power source.

Importance of OIL BY: Shivaans Doshii Grade: 9.1 Chemistry Essay PART 1 Fossil fuels are a source of energy that comes from once-living things. When living things die, they are broken down and covered by dust, soil or sand. As they are covered over by once-living things and by more layers of soil, sand and rock, they get buried deeper and deeper below Earth's surface. These layering of once-living things, sand and soil are eventually subjected to very high pressure and to very high temperature. When the pressure is great enough, the sand and soil change into rock. And at just the right temperature, the once-living things change into liquid called oil and a gas called natural gas. This oil and gas are found in porous rocks. Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All the fractions are then processed further. The fractions at the top have a lower boiling point. The fractions at the bottom have a higher boiling point Some fractions from the distillation tower need to be transformed into new components. This is where a refinery

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1682
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Iron ore: processes and History

Iron ore: processes and History Intro An ore also is a mixture of one or more minerals. We distinguish ore from rock in that a valuable and/or useful material can be mined or extracted from the ore. This material often is a metal. Iron ore, is mined for its iron content. Mining companies sell the ore to manufacturers who extract the iron and use it in producing iron and steel products. The portion of the ore that is not iron is considered a waste or by-product. Even though it is considered a waste of the iron process, the by-product may be useful in some other process. Firstly, iron is quite magnetic. Ores can be located by magnetic sensing akin to backyard metal detectors, and possibly even harvested, unoxidised iron at least, with simple electromagnets. Underground mining is achieved by sinking shafts to the appropriate levels and then driving horizontal tunnels, called adits, to reach the ore. Underground mining is, however, relatively expensive and is generally limited to rich ores. Iron compounds are used as a colourant in glasses, which look to have a tremendous importance in lunar construction, manufacturing, and export. Process: Over-view Smelting is a way of getting metals from the rocks in which they exist in their natural form. These rocks are often known as ores. These ores are heated to a high temperature in an oven or a kiln, so that the metal in them

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1454
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Car exhaustsEffect on environment/humansHow to reduceRole of catalysts

Car exhausts Effect on environment/humans How to reduce Role of catalysts Hydrocarbons When car is filled up with petrol (vapourisation). Present in petrol. Released in exhaust fumes Carcinogens. Combine to produce photochemical smog. Affects asthmatics most. Use catalytic converters. Better engine design. Improve petrol tank and pump design. Adjust the fuel-oxygen ratio. Carbon Monoxide Incomplete combustion. Attaches to haemoglobin in humans - stops oxygen from being absorbed. Is toxic. Adjust fuel:oxygen ratio. Use catalytic converters. Add oxygenates. CO2 Burning off hydrocarbons. Greenhouse gas - global warming. Non hydrocarbon fuels. Oxides of N Nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen and heat in the engine Produces smog when reacts with sunlight. Acid rain - damages building, kills plant and fish... Catalytic converters - changes oxides back to N2 Oxides of S Burning off sulphur compounds present in fuel. Acid rain. Removing as much sulphur compounds as possible from fuel. Although catalytic converters reduce acid rain, because they reduce nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, they don't help with greenhouse gases because the CO is converted to

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 178
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Design- Rate of Reaction

Chemistry Laboratory Report To Study the Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction Design Nikita Bansal B.D.Somani International School Chemistry Standard Level Candidate Number- 002602015 Session: May 2010 AIM To study the factors affecting the rate of reaction RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of changing the concentration of sodium thiosulphate by 5cm3 upon the rate of reaction in the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid keeping volume of acid, temperature, number of stirs, pressure and surface area constant? BACKGROUND INFORMATION The rate of reaction is often judged by the Collision Theory. This theory created by Max Trautz and William Lewis qualitatively explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ for different reactions. This theory is based on the idea that the reactants must collide in order for any reaction to take place. Increasing the concentration of reactants causes an increase in the frequency of collisions, thus increasing the rate of reaction. Although you keep the temperature constant, kinetic theory is relevant. This is because the molecules in the reaction mixture have a range of energy levels. When collisions occur, they do not always result in a reaction. If the two colliding molecules have sufficient energy they will react. HYPOTHESIS It can be predicted that if the concentration of a

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 864
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Chemistry SCIEP

S.C.I.E.P. My aim is to discover and investigate the relationship between the reactants and the rate of the chemical reaction. Basically i will work out what affects the rate of reaction and why. The reactants are marble chips and hydrochloric acid. We can carry out this investigation in several ways; first we can use a gas syringe connected to a test tube via a rubber tube, containing the reactants. This is shown in method 1. We can also displace the carbon dioxide into a tray filled with water which is then trapped in an upside down tube. See method 2. Method 1 _____________________________________ Method 2 Factors The rate of reaction between the marble chips and hydrochloric acid is affected by a number of variants such as temperature, concentration surface area and changing the quantity and air pressure. To make this a reliable experiment the factors that could affect the experiment will be controlled and measured. A thermometer will be used to so we can adjust the temperature accordingly. We cannot easily control the size of the individual marble chips but we decided to use small marbles chips of similar size, instead of medium or large. We will also restrict the weight of the marble chips to 2 grams to be as accurate as possible. The concentration of the acid will always have a margin of difference because this is what we are investigating but we will

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1935
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Hydrochloric acid

White Cameron Mr. Bolton Physical Science 5 December 2009 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric acid is one of the most acidic natural substances on Earth. Its name, Hydrogen chloride, comes from its chemical formula HCl. It is named this because it is an ionic bond. There is only one of each atom, because Hydrogen has a charge of 1 positive, and Chlorine has a charge of 1 negative. So using the "Criss-Cross Method" we can tell that there is only one of each atom. It is commonly referred to as Hydrochloric acid, or Muriatic acid. Their valence electrons are shared to form this compound. Hydrochloric acid is widely used in the modern world for the pickling of steel, or removing rust from iron and steel, it is even used to digest food in our bodies. It is a very useful compound in our everyday lives. Hydrochloric acid is essential for living nowadays, its wide range of uses makes life easier for everyone. The compound Hydrochloric acid has a unique set of physical properties. It is commonly found in its liquid state. It is sold at roughly distributed at 30% concentration, at a mixture of Hydrochloric acid and water. It is colorless to a light yellow. HCl's melting point is at -27.32°C. Its boiling point is at 110°C. Its density is 1.18 g/cm‹. It is an extremely corrosive substance with a ph level of -8 pKa. Hydrochloric acid has physical properties like no other

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 507
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Viscosity of Alkanes

Viscosity of Alkanes: Pentane (C5H12): H H H H H | | | | | H - C - C - C - C - C - H | | | | | H H H H H Hexane (C6H14): H H H H H H | | | | | | H - C- C - C - C - C - C - H | | | | | | H H H H H H Octane (C8H18): H H H H H H H H | | | | | | | | H - C- C - C - C - C - C - C - C - H | | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H Decane (C10H22): H H H H H H H H H H | | | | | | | | | | H - C- C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C - H | | | | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H H Aim I am going to investigate the viscosity of the alkanes listed above: pentane, hexane, octane and decane. I will carry out an experiment to measure the viscosity of the alkanes listed. Preliminary Testing Plan My preliminary testing is to find the best height for the microscope slide, to make it possible to time the flow (viscosity) of the 4 liquids easily. This will be done using 2 of the above alkanes, Pentane and Decane. My testing will make sure that I do not have the slide raised too high or too low.A ramp too high will give the

  • Ranking:
  • Word count: 1538
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay