Aim: To investigate how the concentration of sodium thiosulphate affects the rate of reaction.

By Alexander Claire 11A Investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of a chemical reaction Aim: To investigate how the concentration of sodium thiosulphate affects the rate of reaction. Worded equation for reaction: sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid. Symbol equation for reaction: This is the symbol equation for sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid ---> 2HCL+Na2S03. In the reaction the solution will go cloudy because sulphur is given off. We also tested out to see weather the concentration affects the rate, this makes the solution turns cloudy. Apparatus * Thermometer * Beaker * Burette * Paper with X on it * Timer * Flask * Measuring cylinder How the reaction will be monitored: There are four ways in which you can monitor the methods: . Collecting and measuring a gas product - record the volume at regular intervals, such as every 30 or 60 seconds. 2. Measuring the loss of mass as a gas forms - record the mass at regular intervals such as every 30 to 60 seconds. 3. Timing how long it takes for a small amount of solid reactant to disappear - mix the solid and liquid in the flask and start the timer. Stop it when you can no longer see any solid. 4. Timing how long it takes for a solution to turn cloudy - this is for the reactions that produce an insoluble solid. Mix the liquids in flask and start the timer. Stop it

  • Word count: 1145
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Our task is to investigate the rate of reaction between an acid and a carbonate.

Chemistry Investigation- Andy Lawson Introduction Our task is to investigate the rate of reaction between an acid and a carbonate. Acid + Carbonate => Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate => Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide (2HCl + CaCO3 => CaCl2 + H2O + CO2) There are different variables which affect the rate of the reaction, these variables are: Concentration of acid Temperature Surface Area Catalysts Stirring Volume of Acid Pressure Each variable affects the reaction in different ways. Concentration of acid The concentration of acid effects the rate of reaction due to the differing amounts of acidic atoms in the concentration, the more atoms there are to bang into each other, the faster the rate of reaction should be. This is a simple experiment to do and one which I can complete with the facilities available to me. Temperature The temperature will effect the reaction due to the varying amounts of energy contained within the atoms as a result of the surrounding heat energy, this causes the atoms to bang into each other more or less and therefore the rate of reaction is affected. This is a more complex experiment than the concentration of acid, but I could carry it out with the facilities available to me. Stirring Stirring the reaction then the atoms move around more and bang into each other more, thus speeding up

  • Word count: 883
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Look at two variables that affect at the speed of the reactions between Marble Chips (CaCO3) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).

In this piece of coursework I am going to look at two variables that affect at the speed of the reactions between Marble Chips (CaCO3) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). I will use four different states of division of the marble chips. These will be: * Large chips * Medium chips * Small chips * Powder I will also vary the concentration of my Hydrochloric acid. * 2.5 Molar * 2.0 Molar * 1.5 Molar * 1.0 Molar * 0.5 Molar In any reaction a solid is needed, our solid is Marble Chips. EQUIPTMENT: * Beakers (250ml) * Measuring cylinder (50cm3) * Bungs * Thermometer (00C-110oC) * Electronic Scales (0.00g) * Weighing boats * Boiling tubes (50cm3) * Marble chips (Small, Medium and Large) * Hydrochloric acid (2.5 - 0.5 Molar) From this reaction, Carbon Dioxide is produced, and it is the collection of this gas that will measure the reaction for us. I predict that, " the more concentrated the acid, the quicker the reaction will be." Also " the larger the chips, the longer the reaction will take." I think this because a reaction occurs when particles collide. This process is based on random particle movement. So therefore, the more particles you have in a space, the more likely they are to collide. Therefore making the reaction accelerate. This theory can be proved if you compare the rates of reaction with marble in hydrochloric acid. 'If the acid is of a higher

  • Word count: 1598
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Find out the rates of reactions of magnesium with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid.

Aim: the aim of the investigation is to find out the rates of reactions of magnesium with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. Prediction: I predict that the magnesium will displace hydrogen, as magnesium is more reactive (higher in the reactivity series) than hydrogen (lower in the reactivity series). This in turn will form magnesium chloride. But the different concentrations of acid will affect the speed of the reactions. The higher the concentration the more particles of acid there are, causing them to collide more frequently than the lower concentration, which has less particles of acid. Concluding that the higher concentration will collide with the substance more often, making the reaction faster. Also that the lower concentration will collide with the substance less often, making the reaction slower, than the higher one. The same idea of "it is quicker to dig a hole with 10 men than 1 man digging it by himself" can be put to this. Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 The above shows us that each magnesium atom reacts with 2 molecules of hydrochloric acid and this reaction forms 1 particle of magnesium chloride and 1 molecule of hydrogen. This means that the reaction needs at least 1 magnesium atom and 2 molecules of hydrochloric for the reaction to take place. This means, for example, if there are less

  • Word count: 2369
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Experiment

Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Experiment Introduction I am going to perform an experiment to test the effect temperature has on the rate of reaction for sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. Rate of reaction is the speed at which a reaction occurs. Several things, depending on the reactants being used, can affect it. Temperature can affect most if not all reactions. Concentration (and pressure for gasses) will affect the rate of reaction. Particle size can have a drastic effect on the speed of a reaction, if the particles are large then the reaction will be slow but if the particles are small the reaction will be fast. Finally a catalyst can dramatically change a reaction rate and they always increase the speed of reaction. The rate of reaction for this experiment will measure by seeing how long it takes for the sulphur produced to cover a cross underneath the beaker. The chemical reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric is: 2HCL+Na2S2O3 2NaCl+S+SO2+H2O This basically says that two hydrochloric acid particles plus one sodium thiosulphate particle become two sodium chloride particles (salt) plus one sulphur particle plus one sulphur dioxide particle plus one hydrogen oxide (water) molecule. Plan Equipment: Bunsen burner Tripod Gauze Heatproof mat Tongs Beaker-small x6 Beaker-large x3 Test Tube x8 Burette x3

  • Word count: 2947
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigation into what affects the rates of a reaction.

Investigation into what affects the rates of a reaction Background Information Reactions occur when particles of different elements or compounds collide, and react together. The particles need a certain amount of energy for the collisions to be effective. Particles can gain energy by collisions. Only collisions with enough energy are effective enough to cause a reaction. The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to happen when the particles collide is called the activation energy. This diagram shows the activation energy of a reaction. As you can see, the reactants have a certain amount of energy, through collisions they increase the amount of energy. At the activation energy the reactants start to react, this makes them lose energy as they turn into the products which have even less energy. For a reaction to happen the particles must overcome this energy barrier. Several factors can change the amount of energy each particle has, or the amount of energy needed to overcome this barrier. These factors change the rate of reaction. Factors which change rate of reaction Temperature Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction, because particles collide more frequently and with more energy. As the temperature is increased, the particles present have more energy. This has two effects: - The particles move around faster and collide more often-

  • Word count: 3179
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

To investigate the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid

GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation To investigate the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Aim My aim is to create an experiment so that I can measure the difference in reaction rates when Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid are heated. When Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid are mixed they react to form Sulphur. It is the Sulphur that makes the reaction cloudy and the experiment is to see how long it takes for this solution to become cloudy when heated at different temperatures. Factors Involved and Fair Testing This experiment will contain only one variable, the temperature. The constants are:- * The concentrations of the Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Also the volumes need to be kept constant so to keep the investigation fair. * The apparatus used in the experiment needs to be kept exactly the same for each different temperature. If we use any apparatus that will need to be used in the next experiment we need to make sure that we wash them thoroughly so to avoid unnecessary reactions. I need to keep these constants unvarying to keep the experiment accurate. I should already know what measurements to use for my concentrations from preliminary experiments, for example, I know that I have to choose a concentration that changes fairly slowly at room temperature because according to the rate of reaction

  • Word count: 1626
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

An investigation to find out the factors affecting the rate of reaction of Hydrochloric acid with Sodium Thiosulphate.

An investigation to find out the factors affecting the rate of reaction of Hydrochloric acid with Sodium Thiosulphate. Aim: I am going to discover how the concentration influences the rate of reaction of Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Thiosulphate. There are four factors that influences the rates of reaction, they are: > Concentration(for gases it is pressure) > Temperature > Surface Area(Size of particles) The rate of reaction is owed to the collision theory. For a reaction to take place, particles must collide with great strength. If they do not collide with great strength, the reaction will not take place. Consequently, the rate of reaction is dependant on the collision of the particles. Method: . Set up the apparatus. 2. On a piece of paper, draw a dark cross. 3. Put 25ml of Sodium Thiosulphate. This is known as 1 Mole. 4. Place the beaker on top of the piece of paper, with the cross marked on it. 5. Check the temperature using a thermometer. 6. Add the Hydrochloric Acid to the Sodium Thiosulphate. As soon as the Hydrochloric acid touches the Sodium Thiosulphate start the time, using the stopwatch to see how long it takes until the cross is no longer visible. 7. Repeat this, however this time use 25ml of Sodium Thiosulphate and 5ml of water. 8. Keep repeating this; however change the concentration to 0.6M, 0.4M and 0.5M. 9. Repeat these processes three

  • Word count: 1895
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigate the enthalpy values for the reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide with Hydrogen Chloride.

Investigate the enthalpy values for the reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Oxide with Hydrogen Chloride. H3 CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 H1 HCl H2 HCl CaCl2 (aq) Results Variables of CaCO3 Mass of CaCO3 + weighing bottle 3.302 g Mass of empty weighing bottle 0.831 g Mass of CaC03 used 2.471 g Temperature of acid initially 8 C Temperature of solution after mixing 21 C Temperature change during reaction 3 C Variables of Temperature Mass of CaO + weighing bottle 2.362 g Mass of empty weighing bottle 0.936 g Mass of CaO used .426 g Temperature of acid initially 7 C Temperature of solution after mixing 27 C Temperature change during reaction 0 C Calculations * Heat Capacity x Temperature Change x Volume 1000 * Mass of Reactant Moles Ar * H1 for the reaction between CaCO3 + HCl 4.2 x 3 x 50 630_ 0.63 1000 1000 2.471 0.025 Ca ? 40 x 1 = 40 100 C ? 12 x 1 = 12 O ? 16 x 3 = 48 = 100 0.63_ 25.2 0.025 H1 = ?25.2 Kj mol H2 for the reaction between CaO + HCl 4.2 x 10 50 1890 2.1 1000 1000 .426 0.025 Ca ? 40 x 1 = 40 56 O ? 16 x 1 = 16 ? = 56 2.1 _ 84 0.025 H2 = ?84 Kj mol Due to the fact that I am using Hess' Law in

  • Word count: 617
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay

Investigating the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction.

Chemistry Coursework Investigating the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction In this coursework I am going to investigate the rate of reaction and how this is increased or decreased by the concentration of acid I will use. My aim in this experiment is to find the concentration of acid which will produce the fastest reaction. When carrying out my experiment I will use the following equipment: measuring cylinder conical flask clamp stand plastic beaker thistle funnel ice-cream tub The chemical reaction which occurs in this experiment will be: Calcium + Hydrochloric Calcium + Water + Carbon Carbonate Acid Chloride Dioxide CaCo (s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl (aq) + H O + CO I will perform several experiments using the previous apparatus to see which concentration of hydrochloric acid will yield the most carbon dioxide. Apparatus Set Up Method To carry out my experiment I will set up my apparatus as I have previously shown. I will also need: * Three measuring cylinders - a large on which is to be used in the experiment and two smaller ones to measure the acid and water in. * 5 grams of Calcium Carbonate - measured out using a top pan balance. Firstly I will set up the above apparatus and

  • Word count: 2655
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
Access this essay