Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid Coursework
Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid Coursework Plan Aim I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rates of reaction when Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid are mixed. The reaction that will be used is: Na S O + 2CHl 2Na Cl + S + SO + H O Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + Sulphur + Water Thioslphte Acid Chloride Dioxide Variables Other variables, which may affect the outcome of this experiment, if not kept constant, are as follows: o Temperature of liquids. I believe that the hotter the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction. This is because when a substance is heated up, each particle has more energy, resulting in more collisions between the free moving particles in a liquid, causing more particles to react, therefore increasing the overall rate of reaction. The second effect this has is that the particles collide with more force, increasing the chance of the particles reacting. I will keep this variable constant so that it does not affect the results by avoiding heating the sodium thiosulphate in any way, and so it will stay at room temperature. o Human Error/People. This experiment relays on people and their eye sight, because to determine how long
Investigate the effect of concentration on the reaction between Thiosulphate ions (S2O32-) and H+ ions.
(1) Skill area P: PLANNING Problem: Investigate the effect of concentration on the reaction between Thiosulphate ions (S2O32-) and H+ ions. Introduction: When sodium Thiosulphate solution reacts with acid, a precipitate of sulphur forms. The time taken for a certain amount of sulphur to form can be used to indicate the rate of reaction. In this experiment the effect of concentration of sodium thiosulphate on the rate of this reaction is investigated. Prediction: I predict that as the concentration of sodium thiosulphate, (Na2S2O3) in MoLdm-3 increases it will take a shorter time for the sulphur precipitate to form. Thus: * The higher the concentration, the faster the rate of reaction. This is also vice-versa, * The lower the concentration the slower the rate of reaction. Background Information: Collision theory: If solutions of reacting particles are made more concentrated there are more particles per unit volume. Collisions between reacting particles are therefore more likely to occur. Also, When the temperature is increased the particles will have more energy and thus move faster. Therefore they will collide more often and with more energy. Particles with more energy are more likely to overcome the activation energy barrier to reaction and thus react successfully. If solutions of reacting particles are made more concentrated there are
"An investigation to find out the optimum temperature for the activity of Lipase".
"AN INVESTIGATION TO FIND OUT THE OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR THE ACTIVITY OF LIPASE" * AIM To investigate the effect of temperature has on enzyme activity and the hypothesis that there is an optimum temperature for the activity of the enzyme lipase. * INTRODUCTION Enzymes are catalysts made up are protein molecules, usually with a globular structure. They accelerate chemical reactions in organisms that would otherwise occur to slow. (Green, Stout, Taylor, 1991) Lipase is a digestive pancreatic enzyme which works to hydrolyses fats into glycerol and fatty acids. (Simpkins, Williams, 1987) These products will react with the Sodium Carbonate (put into the mixture to raise the pH) and in effect lower the pH level towards a more acidic content. This pH change can be observed by using the indicator Phenolphthalein, which changes from a pink colour to colourless at a pH below 8.3. * HYPOTHESIS Lipase is an enzyme found in the human body and from knowledge of human enzymes I expect the optimum temperature to be around 40°C. I also expect that at low or high temperatures the rate of reaction will be slowest. * METHOD MATERIALS USED: Electric Kettle, 100ml Beaker, 10 Boiling tubes, 2 Boiling tube racks, Milk, Sodium Carbonate, Phenolphthalein, Spirit Thermometer, 5% Lipase. PROCEDURE: STEP 1: We mixed 5cm³ of milk with 7cm³ of Sodium Carbonate and added 6 drops of
"Examine the impact that weathering has had on human activity."
Teacher: Mr Lee, Physical Geography, Joshua Malina 11/12/04 Essay title: "Examine the impact that weathering has had on human activity." Weathering has impacted human activity in a variety of ways. There are both positive and negative aspects of the result of weathering. Firstly, the negative impacts are to be discussed. Weathering often seems to be at a higher rate in urban areas than that of rural areas due to the large volumes of gases and pollution given out by industries and vehicles. When coal and oil are burnet sulphur dioxide is releases and when it combines with water vapour in the air dilute sulphuric acid is the product. Nitrogen oxides combine in a similar way to produce nitric acid. The result is acid rain. The acid rain chemically weathers materials away by decomposing the minerals. London is widely known for burning large doses of fossils fuels increasing the amount of acid rain. This rain has then fallen on buildings such as St. Paul's Cathedral and increased chemical weathering leading to deterioration on its surface. Also, if cracks and joints present will have allowed this rain to enter and chemically weather there as well as on the surface. This chemical weathering has also been enhanced due to the extremely large presence of birds in the area, particularly pigeons whose faeces contribute to the chemical weathering. Very recently this has had
Rates of Reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips
GCSE Coursework Science Rates of Reaction Chantal du Thoit Candidate Number: 0002 01/08/2005 Table of Contents ) Planning 2 a) What I'm going to do. 2 b) Scientific factors and theorems that affect my plan. 3 c) Apparatus I'm going to use. 4 d) Preliminary Work 5 e) Graph to show figure 1 results 7 f) Prediction 8 2) Method 9 3) Results 10 4) Evaluation 12 5) Conclusion 13 ) Planning a) What I'm going to do. I am going to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips. I am going to measure 5g of different sized Marble Chips and six different concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid. I will then put the chips into each concentration. They will then react to produce carbon dioxide and water. It is at this point when I start timing how long it takes for the water in the 50cm3 cylinder to be replaced by a gas. b) Scientific factors and theorems that affect my plan. I read a book 'GCSE Chemistry' that states that reaction rates are explained perfectly by Collision Theory - the more collisions there are the higher the rate of reaction. I also read an Internet article that can be found at www.gcsescience.com. It stated that a chemical reaction could only occur between particles that collide (hit each other). Particles could be atoms, ions or molecules. In order for the particles to react with each other, they need to have a
sodium thiosulphate
Investigation: How does the concentration of the acid affect the rate of reaction? The aim of this investigation is to test how concentration affects the rate of reaction. My prediction for my investigation is that the higher the concentration, the faster the reaction will be. My reason behind my prediction is: * The higher the concentration, the more particles there are which will collide with enough energy to overcome activation energy, which is explained as the collision theory. Collision theory explains how chemical reactions occur and why rates of reaction differ. For a reaction to occur, particles must collide. If the collision causes a chemical change it is referred to as a fruitful collision. For a reaction to occur, the reactant particles must collide. Only a certain fraction of the total collisions cause chemical change; these are called successful collisions. The successful collisions have activation energy at the moment of impact to break existing bonds and form new bonds, resulting in the products of the reaction. Increasing the concentration of the reactants and raising the temperature bring about more collisions and therefore more successful collisions, increasing the rate of reaction. When a catalyst undergoes collision with the reactant molecules, less energy is required for the chemical change to take place, and hence more collisions have sufficient
Investigating antacids.
Investigating antacids Aim: To discover the most effective and useful base for use as an antacid using both chemical and medical evidence to make a final judgement. The formulae for the neutralisation of each base are as follows: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl › MgCl2 + 2H2O Mr: 92 + 80 = 172 0.2g + 1.8g = 2g 0.0022 + 0.0225 CaCO3 + 2HCl › CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Mr: 100 + 80 = 180 0.2g + 1.8g = 2g 0.0020 + 0.0225 MgCO3 + 2HCl › Mg(Cl)2 + CO2 + H2O Mr: 84 + 80 = 164 0.2g + 1.8g = 2g 0.0023 + 0.0225 MgO + 2HCl › MgCl2 + H2O Mr: 40 + 80 = 120 0.2g + 1.8g = 2g 0.005 + 0.0225 NaHCO3 + HCl › NaCl + CO2 + H2O Mr: 84 + 37 = 71 0.2g + 0.9g = 1.1g 0.0023 + 0.0243 We are using 0.5M Hydrochloric acid for the titration and we would therefore expect that 0.9g of HCl is being neutralised throughout. (0.05l x 18g = 0.9g HCl) You would expect that the magnesium based compounds would be the most efficient antacids because they have high formula masses that are greater than or close to the amount of HCl being neutralised, in particular MgO which has a formula mass of 0.005 and is neutralising HCl of 0.0225. Apparatus: 50ml burette and stand, burette funnel, glass beaker, pipette, conical flasks, Hydrochloric acid (0.5M), selection of bases (Magnesium hydroxide, Calcium
Investigation into the energy produced per mole when burning different alcohols to heat up water.
Investigation into the energy produced per mole when burning different alcohols to heat up water. Plan The aim of this investigation is to find out how much energy is produced per mole of alcohol when burning the alcohol to heat up water to a certain temperature rise. Equipment 5 Alcohol Burners: Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol, Pentanol, Bunsen Burner, Splints, Wooden Board, Safety Glasses, 200ml beaker, Water, Thermometer, Clamp Stand, Ruler, Scales, Measuring Cylinder, Method Set up all the equipment as shown above. First weigh the alcohol burner, so that the amount of alcohol that has been burnt can be worked out after the experiment has been carried out. Then fill up the beaker with 100mls of water, using the measuring cylinder for greater accuracy. The water used will always be around room temperature, because it is from the tap. Place the alcohol burner on to the wooden board next to the clamp stand, and then attach the beaker with water in, to the clamp stand, directly above the alcohol burner and 15cm from the board, and put the thermometer into the water. Now record the temperature of the water. It should be around 20°C, because that is the normal room temperature. Now light the Bunsen burner. Using the splint, light the first alcohol burner, which is methanol. Let the flame from the alcohol burner, burn until the temperature of the
An investigation to determine the factors which affect the rate of reaction between Calcium carbonate (marble chips) and the concentration of Hydrochloric acid.
An investigation to determine the factors which affect the rate of reaction between Calcium carbonate (marble chips) and the concentration of Hydrochloric acid. Background knowledge Collision theory- In order for any reaction to occur the reacting particles needs to collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation of he reaction. To make a reaction happen more quickly we either need to: > Increase the chance of collision occurring > Increase the energy collision > Both Aim The aim of the investigation is to determine the effect of varying the concentration, in the reaction between Calcium carbonate and Hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is: Hypothesis A reaction can only take place when particles collide. This process is based on random particle movement. So therefore, if you have more particles in a given volume the more likely they are to collide with one another. Resulting in a faster rate of reaction. The above hypothesis can be investigated by comparing the rate of reaction between the marble chips and hydrochloric acid using different concentration of hydrochloric acid. The hypothesis will be supported if the rate of reaction increases with increase in concentration of the hydrochloric acid. Factors which affect the rate of reaction: * Temperature * Surface area * Concentration * Catalyst * Stirring I will be looking
Investigating the reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid
Investigating the reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid Introduction Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid and as magnesium is a more reactive element than hydrogen it extracts the chloride from the hydrochloric acid and joins with it to make magnesium chloride. Hydrogen gas is then given off as it has now left its compound state and become an element. Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 There are four main factors which can affect the rate of reaction. These are: temperature, concentration, surface area and if a catalyst is present. A catalyst is a chemical which increases the rate of reaction by lowering the energy activation level causing more collisions per second and therefore more successful collisions every second. A catalyst can not be used up or changed and can be recycled. An enzyme is a biological catalyst. A greater surface area increases the rate of reaction by allowing the particles around it in the solution more area to react with and therefore more collisions every second hence more successful collisions every second. A greater concentration increases the rate of reaction as there are more particles in every centimetre cubed to react. This causes more reactions every second so there are more successful collisions every second. The greater the temperatures the
