Densities of liquids

Densities Bottles (labeled with different numbers)

Digital balance (to tell us how much the bottle weighed)

Glass stoppers

8 liquids ( see data sheets for them)

Pipette (to get liquid from bottle to densities bottle)

Goggles (incase a chemical splashes into your eye)

Lab Coat

chemicals we are using to find the density of;

Distilled water

Ethane-1-2-diol

Hydrochloric acid

propan-1-ol

propan-2-ol

Acetone

Glycerol

Method

1. Take the readings down for the weight off all the bottles you are using for this experiment an example shown below,

 Mass of relevant density bottle and distilled water

= 45.97g  density bottle No. 297

2. Now with each chemical that you are using, put in the density bottle using a pipette open the bottle of a chemical (an example, acetone) suck some of the liquid up inside the chemical bottle and put into density bottle (fill right to the top)

53637304. put the glass stopper on top and wipe of an over flowed chemical which as come out of the density bottle so this way we can get a more accurate reading.
53637305. Now record the weight and number of density bottle with the liquid in it.
53637306. now repeat three times to be able to get an average reading and to make the experiment more accurate.  
53637307. Now do this with every liquid you are using and repeat three times.

Possible Errors  

The Chemical could evaporate which could cause inaccurate results due to the room temperature which at present of this experiment was 23°c .

Spillage’s which means some of the chemical could of been left on the side of the density bottle not wiped off properly which could also give us an inaccurate reading.

 

Volume of the density bottles could vary as each density bottle is an individual and could have slight variation.

Different sizes of Glass stoppers and density bottles meaning could cause a variable in my results.

The density bottles not being cleaned out properly and still having residue from the last liquid which could cause inaccurate results

Formulas used to help me find the density of the liquids used.

Density = mass

           volume

to find the volume I rearranged this equation to find the volume

Volume =  Mass

                 Density

Relative Density = mass of substance (liquid used)

                      mass of mass of distilled water

Actual density of substance = relative density of substance x density of water at 23°c

Compare masses of  substance

                         mass of water        = relative density

Safety precautions of experiment

1. Not using the same pipette so you do not contaminate liquid

1. Do not hold bottle by bottom only hold by the neck

risk assessment for using chemicals

1. Wearing goggles

1. Hair tied up

1. Wearing gloves to prevent irritation

1. Use tissue to wipe of chemical off bottle

1.  wipe table down as filled density bottle could over flow

Calibration

Density of distilled water at 23°c = 0.999820 g/cm2

Find volume using density at 23°c .

 

By doing this I will use the following formula to calculate volume

Volume = mass

             Density

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As you can see above I have made sure the volumes are calibrated for making my experiment as accurate as possible.

Now I will do the same except this time use the masses of the density bottles filled with distilled water.

Again the volumes have come out the same as the mass of the density bottle filled with distilled water.

My hypothesis is the more denser the liquid the heavier the liquid will weigh.  

My prediction is the higher the mass of the chemical the higher the density of the liquid.

 

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Double checks to make this experiment as accurate as possible

I will calibrate to check the results are accurate by using distilled water after each and every liquid we use to clean the density bottle out and to get accurate readings.

 Results

Mass of Density bottle = 21.79g (297)

Empty = 21.79g

mass of relevant density bottle and distilled water

=  45.97 g no of density bottle (297)

mass of empty density bottle (141)

= 19.96 g

mass of empty density bottle (141) and alcohol

= 39.86 g

Mass of empty density bottle (127)

= 19.46 g

Mass of empty density bottle (127) and acetone (propanone)

= 39.24 g

Mass of empty density bottle (17)

= 22.10 g

mass of empty density bottle (17) and propan-1-ol

= 42.35 g

Mass of empty density bottle ( 124)

= 20.26 g

Mass of empty density bottle (124) and propan-2-ol

= 40.64 g

Mass of empty density bottle (45)

= 20.08 g

Mass of empty density bottle (45) and ethane 1,2 diol

= 48.30 g

mass of density bottle (102)

= 20.37 g

mass of empty density bottle (102) and glycerol

= 52.43