How does the Heat Energy given out during the Combustion of Alcohols Change as the Carbon Chain of the Alcohols used is increased?

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How does the Heat Energy given out during the Combustion of Alcohols Change as the Carbon Chain of the Alcohols used is increased?

Aim

My aim for this investigation is to find out how the heat energy released during the combustion of alcohols change as the carbon chain of the alcohols is increased. I will be using the following equation for the reaction to take place:

I will be substituting the alcohol with the following:

  • Pentonal
  • Ethanol
  • Propanal
  • Butanol
  • Methanol

I will also be using the formula below to work out what ΔH is:

Background Knowledge

In Chemistry, there are two terms that mean giving out energy and taking energy in. These two terms are Exothermic and Endothermic. Exothermic is a reaction that gives out energy, normally in the form of heat. It is observed by an increase in temperature. An example of an exothermic reaction is respiration or the burning of fuels. Exothermic reactions have been used for thousands of years—whenever people have burned fuels. When coal is burnt several reactions occur, but the outcome is that carbon atoms from the coal combine with oxygen from the air to form carbon dioxide gas, while hydrogen atoms react with oxygen to produce water vapour. Fossil fuels, such as natural gas and petrol (which is refined from crude oil), contain a high proportion of carbon. They undergo highly exothermic reactions when they burn, as their constituent molecules are broken apart and rebuilt as carbon dioxide and water. In fires and car engines, these fuels do not always burn as efficiently as possible. Less heat is released than could be, and by-products such as partially burned hydrocarbons and poisonous carbon monoxide gas are produced.

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An Endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs energy, normally in the form of heat. This is the opposite of an exothermic reaction and is observed by a decrease in temperature. An example of an endothermic reaction is photosynthesis or the break down of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and calcium dioxide. Some endothermic reactions require more energy than can be provided just by absorbing heat from surroundings at room temperature. For example, to break down calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, it must be placed in a container and heated over a flame.

Exothermic ...

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