How Does the Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid Affect the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium?

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How does the temperature of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium?

Aim:

This coursework is aimed to find out the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium in different temperature. The product of this chemical reaction is magnesium chloride and hydrogen.

Safety:

We should wear lap coat and wear goggles when doing this experiment, because acid is corrosive and irritant, especially when you boil it, it is very easy to spit into your eyes and it is harmful, so we must keep wearing on the goggles all the time. Lap coat is also needed to protect our skin from contacting the acid. If our skin contact with the acid, we should immediately wash it under the tab water. Magnesium is highly flammable, so we should keep it away from the fire. We should also be careful when using the syringe and other glassware.

Preliminary work:

In this preliminary work, the aim is to find out the suitable length of magnesium ribbon, the suitable concentration of acid and the suitable volume of the acid, and the temperature range I plan to investigate. I tried a 3 of magnesium ribbon but it gives out too little gas (35) which is very hard to measure and 7 are too long, due to magnesium's mass, it is lighter than acid, so it is floating on the acid which means it's surface area are not all contacting with the acid, which makes the test unfair, so I figure out 5of the magnesium ribbon, (gives out about 55of hydrogen) is the best. At first, I planned to use 50% acid (10 water and 10of acid) but when find out that the hydrogen given out are so fast that which is very hard to measure. It is also very hard to draw the graph if not enough results are collected, Also because of very little volume, it is very hard to control the temperature, so I decided to use 20of acid and 40of water which is about 33% acid is the best, it is much more easy to control the temperature and the speed of giving out hydrogen are not too fast. I tried to heat up the acid to about 90 degree Celsius but the acid began to evaporate which affect the concentration of the acid, so I will use 5 degree Celsius as a range each time and 60 degree Celsius is the maximum.

Method:

Firstly I measure out 5 of magnesium and weight it. Then I put 20of hydrochloric acid in to a measuring cylinder, 40of distilled water into another measuring cylinder, then put them both into a conical flask and stir it. Secondly I boil it to about 5 degrees below the temperature because it will keep on rising after taken away from the fire. Then I put in the thermometer to stir it and measure out the starting temperature, after that I put in the magnesium and put on the lid and start counting the time; I record down the volume of hydrogen given out every 15 seconds. Finally, record down the final temperature of the solution and the final volume of hydrogen given out.
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Apparatus using:

Gauze x1

Conical Flask x1

Bunk x1

Delivery tube x1

Gas syringe x1

Measuring cylinder x1

Thermometer x1

Bunsen burner x1

Fireproof mat x1

Stop clock x1

Apparatus are Set-up as shown in the diagram.

Word equation of this reaction:

Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid ? Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen

Equation of this reaction:

Mg(s) +2HCl(aq)?MgCl2 (aq)+H2 (g)

Fair Test:

In order to keep this as a fair test I just change the temperature and all others variables ...

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