Measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

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Chemistry coursework

Plan:

In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings.

When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.

Hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water.

HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Things that affect the reaction rate of this experiment are:

. The temperature of the hydrochloric acid.

2. The amount of hydrochloric acid.

3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid.

4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.

5. The amount of calcium carbonate.

6. The form of calcium carbonate. (It is available in three forms powder, small stones or large stones)

7. You can speed up the reaction by stirring the solution.

8. You can also change the rate of the reaction by adding a catalyst, which is something that speeds up the reaction.

In my experiment I will change the temperature of the hydrochloric acid. I will not change anything else; I will keep the amount of calcium carbonate, the form of calcium carbonate, the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the surface area of the calcium carbonate and the amount of hydrochloric acid all the same. I will not add a catalyst to my solution and I will not stir my solution.

* I will use 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid.

* I will use 1g of calcium carbonate.

* I will use 0.5 molar concentration of hydrochloric acid.

* I will use small chips of calcium carbonate.

By keeping everything the same apart from the temperature I am creating a fair test. I will also wash out the beaker in which I will perform the experiment after each use. I will also repeat my experiment twice to confirm that the results are correct and that there are no anomalous results.

I could get results for this experiments by recording a number of things, I could record:

* The amount of time it takes for the calcium carbonate to dissolve.
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* The amount of gas produced by the reaction in a certain amount of time.

I am going to record the amount of gas produced by the reaction in two minutes.

Prediction:

I predict that when I increase the temperature of the hydrochloric acid the reaction will take place quicker so more gas will be produced in a shorter amount of time. I think this will happen because at a higher temperature the ions have more kinetic energy so they move through the solution faster so the ions will collide more often and more vigorously ...

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