REsearch into the dangers of sunbeds.
6/20/2011 Title: (Physics) Name of student: Therese Anasthasia Seforah Name of school: G.M.D Atchia State College Name of supervisor (Teacher): H.Dulgeet Subject: 21st Century Science 5131 ________________ Introduction I will be conducting this case study in order to find out evidence about whether sunbeds cause only skin cancer or not. As the pressure of young people is to become perfectly preened and tanned steadily increases, more and more turn to sunbeds as a way to find that perfect summer glow. However, the darker the sides to this story is the soaring numbers of skin cancer, are they paying for their vanity, or is it a pure coincidence? – Because in my opinion, it is a currently pressing issue, so many people today are turning to sunbeds, and with the sunbeds they are becoming stronger and stronger, are we killing ourselves? I will find several pieces of information to support each theory and then show my conclusion. In the finding of these pieces of evidence I will be checking of how reliable it is and then I will come to my conclusion. Background Science Information In order for my arguments to be explained and to be understood, background information is important to be explained so as to help you to understand clearly the theory about my experiment on sunbeds. In other words, I will help you by providing diagrams, pictures and scientific reviews of
Ernest Rutherford and the Atom article
Imagining Science ________________ Ernest Rutherford – The nuclear atom ________________ ________________ Today we’re going to be looking at Rutherford’s alpha-particle scattering experiment and how, through this, he found ground-breaking new evidence on the structure of a nuclear atom. ________________ Ernest Rutherford, a notable English physicist, in the 20th century understood that all matter is made up of atoms. However, he wanted to delve deeper in this understanding about atoms. As a result in 1909, along with his assistants, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, carried out an experiment to investigate a detailed model for the atom (the ‘inner-workings’). Diagram of Rutherford’s Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment What Rutherford did was quite unique. He used and a He used a source which emitted alpha particles (charged helium ions), and directed the beam of alpha particles towards a thin gold foil (he wanted a thin layer as thin a layer as possible) to observe any effects between the two. Rutherford’s Observations . Roughly 99% of the alpha particles passed straight through the foil. 2. Some of the alpha particles were deflected by the foil at small angles - 1 in 8000 alpha particles were deflected at around 90° and over. 3. Around one out of every 12000 particles to rebounded off the gold foil – some directly in the opposite direction!
P2 Assessed Home-Learning Are Mobile Phones Harmful?
Aadhil RizviDr DeanPhysics P2 Assessed Home-Learning “Are Mobile Phones Harmful?” A mobile phone can store or receive information in the form of sound, text, numbers and images, electronically. Microwave radiation is used to transmit signals (mobile phone calls and texts). Communications, through the use of mobile phones, are essential to modern-day life. Mobile phones use microwave radiation to send signals back and forth to a nearby phone mast. We will discuss whether the use of mobile phones poses a health risk (are harmful), or not. “Are Mobile Phones Harmful?” – Against Mobile phones are an essential tool in today’s life. There are many benefits that mobile phones bring in today’s day and age; faster communication, they are fun (children and adult alike) and they enable us to carry out our tasks quicker. Humans communicate to one another using mobile phones. Out of the electromagnetic spectrum of the different radiation types, microwaves and radio waves are the most suitable and most appropriate types of radiation that are and can be used, to use a mobile phone as the radiations are not absorbed by the atmosphere. There have been a variety of criticisms against mobile phones, such as, they have a heating effect or they cause brain cancer. Multiple studies have been carried out to date, but none have found a direct correlation between the use of
Finding a Power Supply for Space Probes - radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or RTGs.
Finding a Power Supply Finding a Power Supply When you imagine a space probe, what do you see? A big metal box, a forest of antennas, and a pair of solar panels, right? Wrong. Contrary to the stereotype, almost any space bound probe will not use solar panels as its primary power source. The energy from the sun at this distance is simply too small. An alternative is needed: something that is reliable, has a long-life, and is lightweight. What can we do? American engineers answered this very question in the early 1960s with the radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or RTGs. RTGs work by converting the heat given off by a radioactive isotopes into electricity. To understand this process, it helps to understand what a radioactive isotope is. Radioactive isotopes come from elements which of course are non-renewable, these isotopes have extra neutrons and want to get rid of them. In doing so, they become radioactive, releasing protons, neutrons, and energy in a process called decay. Eventually the isotope will turn into other elements and disappear. At first glance, this might seem like the same process that takes place in nuclear reactors, but it isn’t. Nuclear reactors generate heat by fission, a process in which atoms are split by a bombardment of neutrons. In an RTG, heat is generated only by the natural radioactive emissions of the isotope contained in it. This is
Conduction,convection and radiation
Conduction, Convection and Radiation . Conduction: the transfer of heat energy through a material-without the material itself moving 2. Convection: the transfer of heat energy through a moving liquid 3. Radiation: electromagnetic radiation emitted from a hot object Conduction Heat energy can move through a substance by conduction. Metals are good conductors of heat, but non-metals and gases are usually poor conductors of heat. Poor conductors of heat are called insulators. Heat energy is conducted from the hot end of an object to the cold end. The electrons in piece of metal can leave their atoms and move about in the metal as free electrons. The parts of the metal atoms left behind are now charged metal ions. The ions are packed closely together and they vibrate continually. The hotter the metal, the more kinetic energy these vibrations have. This kinetic energy is transferred from hot parts of the metal to cooler parts by the free electrons. These move through the structure of the metal, colliding with ions as they go. Convection Liquids and gases are fluids. The particles in these fluids can move from place to place. Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from hot places to cooler places by convection. Liquids and gases expand when they are
Does the UK need more nuclear power stations?
There are a huge number of jobs - there are 9,000 jobs per nuclear power station with huge benefits for the economy. Opposed to talking about nuclear jobs which might be years away from construction, decades away from production, in the last few weeks in Scotland they have announced 500 offshore wind jobs in construction. These are actual jobs, which are being created now in technologies that are being deployed now and technologies where Scotland has a huge substantial, natural advantage as opposed to nuclear technologies where Scotland has no advantage whatsoever. [2] The electricity calculator gives you the opportunity to choose how you would like the UK's electricity to be generated in 2020. Once you have made your choice, the calculator will work out the possible impact in terms of carbon emissions, whether you managed to keep the lights on and how it will affect people's annual bills. The total demand for electricity in the UK is 358 billion kilowatt hours. The main sources of supply are: * Fossil fuels: 253 bn kWh * Nuclear: 80 bn kWh * Renewable: 15 bn kWh * Imports: 10 bn kWh In 2020, the UK's demand is projected to have grown to 381 billion kilowatt hours. For cost comparison, the calculator uses the 2003 average household figure of £250, since when in reality the average cost has risen. For further details and an explanation of how the calculator works,
Does the UK need new nuclear power stations?
Does the UK need new nuclear power stations? Energy is needed in almost everything we do, and one big source of energy is nuclear power. The use of nuclear power is vastly growing due to the amount of people demanding things like electricity. I will be exploring both sides for and against, if the UK needs new nuclear power stations. The current situation in the UK is that 22.4% of the UK's power is nuclear power. I will research the energy security, energy crisis, economic, environmental and social factors to decide my decision and use tables and charts to help explain my conclusion. Energy Source for Electricity Generation Energy used in Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent Coal 31.34 Oil .14 Gas 29.13 Nuclear 8.16 Hydroelectric 0.42 Other Renewable 3 Other Fuels .55 Net imports 0.65 Total 85.39 Some people agree that the UK needs new nuclear power stations. At the moment, about two thirds of our electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, and a quarter comes from nuclear power stations, the rest of our electricity comes from wind power. This shows us how much energy is used with different types of energy sources, as you can see; this graph shows us that nuclear power is the third most used energy source out of the rest. It tells us that the amount of coal and gas used is double the amount of nuclear power, which suggests the UK is rather dependent on
Is sunbathing good for you?
Is sunbathing good for you? BY SAMMI SIDAHMED A GROWING QUESTION WITHIN TODAY'S SOCIETY Contents Why do people sunbathe? 2 About ultra violet radiation 2 Vitamin D from sunlight 3 Does ultraviolet radiation cause any harm? 3 Melanin in the skin 4 Skin cancer from the sun 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 6 Why are people worried about sunbathing? Why do people sunbathe? Many people sunbathe to look attractive. Also to relax and generally get a tan. But a lot of people don't know the science behind sunbathing. When sunbathing, ultra violet radiation enters your body as the skin absorbs it. Too much of this can cause damage and even cause you skin cancer. The diagram on the left shows and intersection of the sun and the different layers within the inside. In the electromagnetic spectrum the shorter the wavelength, the
SHOULD MORE NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS BE BUILT IN BRITAIN?
PHYSICS CASE STUDY - SHOULD MORE NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS BE BUILT IN BRITAIN? Introduction There are many types of different energy sources that are both renewable and non-renewable; these will all have various advantages as well as disadvantages. Around 70% of energy comes from the burning of fossil fuels. 10% of the energy we use today is renewable, which then leaves 20% for nuclear power. Problems occur from the percentage of nuclear power being used, and whether this number should be increased or not causes various issues. In my case study, I will outline the possible sources of energy that can be used if nuclear power is dominant. I will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear power in Britain, and what other options are available instead. Evidence will be shown from different sources that have reasoning for and against the use of nuclear power. This will be from various organisations that have a strong opinion on this subject of discussion. From the points I make, I will come to a conclusion of whether nuclear power should be used in the future or whether we should change to using sources of coal and renewable sources of energy. The British Government are for nuclear power being used as a source of energy, Gordon Brown agrees with this and the idea of nuclear movement. How does nuclear power work? Nuclear power generation does not involve the
Should we use Nuclear power in the UK
Contents Title Page number Introduction * What is Radiation? * What is Uranium? * How Nuclear Power works? * Atoms * Nuclear fission * Recycling * Safety * Production * Advantages * Disadvantages * Is it renewable? * Should we use Nuclear power in the UK? * Conclusion * Bibliography * Introduction: In this case study I will be answering some questions on nuclear power and debating whether or not we should be using nuclear power. I will be exploring nuclear power as it comes up a lot on the news and also I find it a very interesting topic. Nuclear power stations currently produce about a quarter of Britain's electricity Reference: (http://www.bbc.co.uk/climate/adaptation/nuclear_power.shtml). I will be looking at the science behind nuclear power, advantages and disadvantages and will come up with a conclusion whether or not we should use nuclear power. What is Radiation? Radiation is energy that travels in the form of waves or high speed particles. There are many different types of radiation that have a range of energy forming an electromagnetic spectrum. However we are referring to the types of radiation used in nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and medicine. These types of radiation have enough energy to break chemical bonds in molecules or remove
