Conduct an experiment involving the three mechanisms of heat loss - conduction, convection and radiation - I intend to discover which factor affects temperature the most, and which affects it the least.
Physics: Mechanisms of heat loss Aim: In this investigation, I intend to conduct an experiment involving the three mechanisms of heat loss - conduction, convection and radiation. I intend to discover which factor affects temperature the most, and which affects it the least. Plan: I will take 5 plastic cups, and cover each in different combinations of insulation (see fig. 1). I will heat water with a kettle, and pour carefully into the cups. Every minute I will take the temperature of each cup, for 20 minutes. To keep this a fair test, I must ensure that I begin the timer at the same temperature for each cup, that each cup is measured at equal intervals (1 every minute) and that the amount of water within each cup (15ml) is the same. Before beginning the real thing, I will check my equipment and methods by performing a preliminary experiment. This will also help me ensure that my times and my amounts are suitable. When I do the final experiment, I will repeat it 3 times to ensure accurate results. I may also take an average from the three. Fig. 1 Cup Insulation Description Cup 1 None Control - all 3 forms of heat loss. Cup 2 Cardboard lid Prevents convection Cup 3 Wrapped in foil + cardboard lid Prevents radiation and convection Cup 4 Wrapped in bubble wrap + cardboard lid Prevents conduction and convection Cup 5 Wrapped in bubble wrap and foil +
Investigating the Range of Beta Particles In Air.
INVESTIGATING THE RANGE OF BETA PARTICLES IN AIR Prediction The received count rate decreases as the distance between the source and the detector increases. I predict that count rate is INVERSLY PROPORTIONAL to distance. Distance Count 1 (/10s) Count 2 (/10s) Average Count (/10s) 5 3378 3409 3393.5 0 700 713 706.5 5 495 505 500 20 260 327 293.5 30 21 15 18 40 65 84 74.5 50 47 41 44 60 25 29 27 70 8 23 20.5 Analysis From my graph, you can see that as the distance increases, first at a distance of 5cm the count is a large rate of 3393.5/10s. This falls to a decrease of 706.5/10s at a distance of 10cm. The count rate continues to fall rapidly, and at a count of 500/10s the distance increases by 15cm. This decrease continues, and at a count of 293.5/10s, the increase in distance is 20cm. When the distance is 50cm, the decrease becomes slightly less rapid and the count is 44/10s. The decrease in the count rate further evens out, and at a distance of 70cm, the count is 20.5/10s. Therefore, the curve evens out substantially. The reason for these changes in the count rate is the fact that beta particles are tiny electrons from the nucleus that are light and move very fast. It can ionize other atoms, but gets slowed down every time it hits another atom until, eventually, it runs out of energy and stops. Therefore the received count rate
Wind Farms
Wind Farms As the world becomes more and more polluted we are trying to come up with new ideas for using energy, we already do have some methods of collecting and using energy without polluting the environment, the first one is HEP (hydro electric power), this method of collecting energy is done by river dams from water. Another is solar energy; this way of collecting energy is done by a solar panel board collecting UV rays from the sun. The method which I will be investigating today is Wind Turbines. Wind turbines are often used on farms, energy is collected by the turbines, the wind makes the turbines move, and therefore energy is stored. There are many advantages for wind turbines, for example they do not cause any pollution, they are also usually out of the way usually in farms, and therefore they wouldn't really bother anyone. Using wind turbines can also provide power for many houses. No extra cost is needed also as the wind is obviously free. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can
Rabbit Proof Fence Essay - review
Rabbit Proof Fence Essay Introduction In the 'Rabbit Proof Fence', Phillip Noyce, the writer, takes into account the conflicting opinions over the 'stolen generation policy'. This was an Australian policy which involved taking half-caste aboriginals away from their families and homes, to be brought up in a white society. The policy was in operation between the 1930s and the 1960s. One of the main justifications for the policy, was to educate the half-caste children so that they could fit into society. One of the main arguments against the policy was that it encouraged a sense of superiority by the whites and a sense of inferiority by the aborigines. Justifications For the Policy The Europeans, who invented and put the policy into practice, had many reasons for doing so. They thought that they were doing a good thing. Some of the reasons for this are outlined below. The first reason is so the half-caste aboriginals could have an education. Their education taught them western life skills, this was so they could fit in more easily with modern society. This process was also known as civilizing them. They also learnt very basic reading and writing. Some children got sent away for a proper education. Whether they got to go or not depended on how pale their skin was. The Europeans thought that if they took the half-caste aboriginals into society and trained them as explained
How Nuclear Energy generates electricity? Describe how it has affected mankind.
How Nuclear Energy generates electricity? Describe how it has affected mankind. Introduction The problem we are facing is climate change. If climate change continues to increase in temperature by this amount humans will have no place to live, one of the main reasons that climate change is happening is due to the burning of fossil fuels for energy. That is why we have to think and find an alternative solution to generate electricity. Scientific solution The alternative solution is nuclear energy. There are two types of nuclear energy: weaker nuclear fission and stronger nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission is the process of separating an atom into multiple atoms while nuclear fusion is the process of two or more atoms fusing into a bigger atom. The reason why the alternate solution is definitely nuclear energy since nuclear energy is extremely powerful and can produce a lot of energy equivalent to 200 MeV which can power up to 800 houses! Nuclear energy is also clean; it is one of the only zero-emission energy sources, the other being solar. NUCLEAR 101: How Does a Nuclear Reactor Work? | Department of Energy A nuclear reactor works by putting 200 uranium rods together to make a fuel assembly. varying reactors use different amounts of fuel assemblies but most of them are over hundreds to make the reactor core. The fuel rods are then drowned in water inside the
Electromagnetic Waves.
Electromagnetic Waves - Radio Waves. Radio waves are used for broadcasting radio and TV programmes. The transmitted information may be analogue or digital and uses a radio wave as a carrier. Very long wavelength radio waves can travel around the Earth despite its curvature, diffracting around the Earth's surface. These are sometimes called ground waves. Medium wavelength radio waves are reflected from an electrically charged region of the Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere. These waves are sometimes called sky waves and can also be sent from one part of the planet to another. Shorter wavelength radio waves pass straight through the atmosphere and cannot be used to send information around the Earth's curvature. These waves are sometimes called space waves and can be used to send information in a straight line across the Earth's surface. - Microwaves. Microwaves have wavelengths shorter than radio waves. Some of these wavelengths pass easily through the atmosphere and are used to transmit information to satellites. Mobile phone networks use microwaves. Other microwaves have wavelengths, which are absorbed by water molecules. Microwave cookers use these waves which give energy to the water molecules in food, causing it to get hot. Living cells can also absorb microwaves. The cells may be damaged or killed by the heating effect of the waves. - Infra-red.
Should we spend time in the sun?
Should we spend time in the Sun? This essay will revolve around the question 'Should we spend time in the Sun?' The advantages and disadvantages of staying in the Sun will be discussed. How staying in the sun plays a role in people's social life and the economy will also be highlighted. The Sun affects the skin because of the ultra violet light it gives off. UV light are generally divided in three kinds according to wavelength, UVC has the shortest wavelength (of 100mm- 290mm) then its UVB which has the medium wavelength (of 290mm- 320mm). And then there's UVA which has the longest wavelength (of 320mm- 400mm). (Source 4) UVC radiation given off by the Sun really doesn't affect humans at all because it is almost completely adsorbed by the ozone layer. However, only 90% of UVB light is absorbed by the ozone layer. So the UVB that does get through the effects the skin (the epidermis) causing sun burns. (Source 2) Furthermore, the ozone layer has no effect on UVA light. The ray penetrates deep into the skin affecting the deeper layers. The change it causes can lead to photo aging and skin cancer. Skin cancer is a feared illness and is a result of abnormal developing skin cells. And it is already mentioned that the perpetrator for the alarming illness is UV light (UVA). Cancer research UK says 'Malignant melanoma incidence rates in Britain have more than quadrupled since the
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Electromagnetic spectrum is made up from several different types of wave. These are: Long wavelengths RADIO WAVES Long wave radio Medium wave radio Short wave radio MICROWAVES INFARED LIGHT RAYS VISABLE LIGHT RAYS Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT RAYS X-RAYS Short wavelengths GAMMA RAYS Radio waves have the longest wavelengths of the spectrum, and the most varied. Some long wave radio waves can have wavelengths kilometres long, whilst some short wave ones can only be centimetres long. These waves are mainly used in communications - all radio and terrestrial TV stations use radio waves in some way. Microwaves are most commonly known for their use in microwave ovens, but they are also used for communications, satellites and many other things. The microwaves have quite short wavelengths, so they are easily absorbed by water. In a microwave oven, the waves are absorbed by the water in the food, and their energy is converted to heat energy. This helps to quickly and effectively cook the food. Exposure to highly concentrated microwaves can be dangerous as the same could happen to a human. This was a serious problem when microwave ovens were first used, although their design has now improved to prevent this happening. There is concern that the microwaves used in mobile phones could have a damaging
Descriptive Writing - Three months. Three months of boredom. Three months of optimism. Three months of tennis and golf. Three months without football.
Descriptive Writing Three months. Three months of boredom. Three months of optimism. Three months of tennis and golf. Three months without football. You step out of the car and look up at the haven that you will be enjoying a roller coaster ride not just in the next few hours but over 9 months. The shining sun glints in the corner of your eye as you suddenly recognize a thousand and one characters from a short time before. The smell of boiling burgers and baking pies murmuring through the air, its simmering mix of oil and batter and voluptuous mix of everything designed to tempt you towards the burger stand. There is a sense of anticipation that blows around the arena of a new dawn, a new era at your club. The usual myriad of signings are being paraded on the pitch, half an hour before kick off, each and every one with fans hopes heaved upon them of becoming the next record goal scorer or legendary captain. You take your normal place in the terrace, the shadow of regulars you can see surrounding you, each and every one of them with a river of stories to tell, from the spiralling heights of a cup run to the dingy lows of relegation. As pre match kickabouts continue on the pitch, the pre match rituals are once again reborn, the touching the floor before you enter the ground, turning to each side of the ground and many others which are symbolically linked to luck to many
Original writing - Jeff Edwards Football Manager
English Coursework, Original Writing Jeff Edwards Football Manager Saturday 21st Of May 14:54pm Here I am stood at the foot of the tunnel waiting for the bell to comes out to a packed Wembley stadium, it was the final of the LVD Vans trophy and I had lead Nottingham Forest all the way and we faced Swansea today to pick up the silverware. The players lined up in front of me had different look on their faces, some looked liked they had seen a ghost as many of them had not played in front of such a high capacity stadium before, others looked so determined. This club had not seen success in years after quickly being relegated from the Premiership they slowly slipped down the Coca-Cola Championship table and ended up in League 1. The fans adored me here as I have brought them much success in winning promotion from League 1 with very little funding I had. I couldn't have done it without my scouting staff, which are my two closest friends and we've bin at several clubs together........"RING!"......this was it, the bell had gone and we were about to leave the tunnel and into the world of football. Saturday 21st Of May 13:11 This is the first time I'd been out of my dugout; I was too busy soaking up the atmosphere. There were red shirts all around me and the voices of Nottingham Forest supporters was ringing in my ears. Swansea were dominating this first half of the game so I had
