Should Mobile Phones be banned for under 18s?
Contents Pg Introduction 3 My Case Study 3 Mobile Phones Theory 4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 7 Microwave Radiation Arguments 8 Argument 1-For 2 Argument 2-For 9 Argument 3-Against 23 Argument 4-Against Conclusion 26 Weight of Evidence 27 Validity of Evidence 27 My reasoned judgement Evaluation 28 Evaluation 29 Bibliography Introduction My Case Study For my GCSE Core Science case study I am attempting to answer the question: "Should mobile phones be banned for under 18s?" To do this I will collect and assess scientific evidence and compare the weight and validity of evidence to reach an unbiased and fair conclusion. I have chosen this topic as I can think of many arguments both for and against and I think it is an interesting topic that is controversial. It is also so current. The debate about mobile phones has carried on since the late 1970s, when the first mobile phone technology was developed and is constantly in the news headlines today. Even nowadays there is still no definite evidence to provide a conclusion. Experiments are constantly being carried out by some of the worlds leading scientists to try to settle the mobile phone debate- and the truth may not be fully available for another 30 years. Scientists can't decide whether it is dangerous or not and whether the precautionary principle favours either side of the argument.
The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power and fossil fuels and which is the better source of energy for the near future? Is it a long-term solution? Is there a better solution currently under development?
The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power and fossil fuels and which is the better source of energy for the near future? Is it a long-term solution? Is there a better solution currently under development? This report aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two main methods of electricity production, and to decide on which method seems to be the best for large scale electricity production in the future, based on each method's economical and environmental implications. The most widely used fuel in power plants is coal.1 Research into alternative fuel sources stems from concerns about the global environment The problem about choosing whether or not to completely 'go nuclear' or carry on using fossil fuels stems from many environmental and economic factors. The ideal power source will produce the largest amount of energy achievable at an affordable cost, with as little environmental pollution as possible. In this report, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels and nuclear power, and which comes the closest to fitting this 'ideal' power source model. From this I will speculate on the best way forward for large-scale energy production. When I have drawn conclusions concerning these two methods of energy production, I will then discuss the energy production ideas that are currently being researched and developed by physicists, and
REsearch into the dangers of sunbeds.
6/20/2011 Title: (Physics) Name of student: Therese Anasthasia Seforah Name of school: G.M.D Atchia State College Name of supervisor (Teacher): H.Dulgeet Subject: 21st Century Science 5131 ________________ Introduction I will be conducting this case study in order to find out evidence about whether sunbeds cause only skin cancer or not. As the pressure of young people is to become perfectly preened and tanned steadily increases, more and more turn to sunbeds as a way to find that perfect summer glow. However, the darker the sides to this story is the soaring numbers of skin cancer, are they paying for their vanity, or is it a pure coincidence? – Because in my opinion, it is a currently pressing issue, so many people today are turning to sunbeds, and with the sunbeds they are becoming stronger and stronger, are we killing ourselves? I will find several pieces of information to support each theory and then show my conclusion. In the finding of these pieces of evidence I will be checking of how reliable it is and then I will come to my conclusion. Background Science Information In order for my arguments to be explained and to be understood, background information is important to be explained so as to help you to understand clearly the theory about my experiment on sunbeds. In other words, I will help you by providing diagrams, pictures and scientific reviews of
Radiation: are mobile phones unsafe? Mobiles use electromagnetic radiation in order to send and receive information. Electromagnetic radiation comes from the electromagnetic spectrum.
Contents.........................................................................................2 Introduction & background science........................................................3 How mobile phones work....................................................................4 Arguments for (Mobile phones are unsafe).........................................4 - 8 Arguments against (Mobile phones are safe)......................................8 -13 Conclusion.....................................................................................14 References.....................................................................................15 Mobile phones have dramatically changed the way we live and work and are becoming increasingly popular as the years are going by. Approximately 85% of the adult population in the UK own a mobile phone - many of which are not aware of any risks towards using this type of communication. Many people are not prepared to put a stop to using mobiles since these devices are such a popular means of communication, and so well endured by the public. People are able to send out phone calls, text messages, pictures, videos, access the internet and email. Some apparent risk factors are that mobile phones can kill brain cells and sperm and can cause leukaemia or brain tumors. Some scientists believe that microwaves which come from mobile phones
Do Mobile Phones Cause Brain Tumours
Contents Bibliography.........................................................................................................................pages 2-3 Introduction..............................................................................................................................page 4 History of Mobile Phones............................................................................................................page 4 Brain Tumours..........................................................................................................................page 4 Radiation.................................................................................................................................page 5 Mobile Phones cause brain tumours.........................................................................................pages 6-8 More research is necessary to answer the question..........................................................................page 6 There is a strong correlation between brain tumours and mobile phone usage.......................................page 7 A brain tumour is more likely when the phone is used predominantly on one ear....................................page 7 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................page 8 Mobile Phones do not
research and report
RNR-Infrared investigation Introduction Nowadays infrared has many useful applications for example, in the astronomy, discover more information about the universe. Medical infrared imaging is a very useful to check the human body. Infrared cameras are used for police and security work as well as in fire fighting and in the military. Infrared imaging is also used to detect heat loss in buildings and in testing electronic systems. Infrared satellites have been used to detect the Earth's weather, and to study geology and ocean temperatures. What is infrared? Fig 1 These glass prism were used by William Herschel in the investigation Infrared was discover by William Herschel in the 1800. He used a glass prism to refract sun light and measure the temperature of different colour in the visible light spectrum, then he find that red colour has the higest temperature and violet colour has the lowest temperature. After he found the pattern of temperature He did another experiment to measure the temperature of the infrared region he found it had a very high temperature. Infrared rays is a type of electromagnetic wave it is also a radiation, we can not see it with our eyes but we can feel it through our skin which is heat. infrared radiation is generate when charged particles in the objects are heat up and start moving around, then infrared is emit from the objects surface. There is a
Factors affectin cooling rate
Triple Physics has been asked to investigate the factors that affect the cooling rate of a liquid Research: There are three ways in which heat can be transferred: Conduction: Heat energy is conducted from the hot end to the cold end. It is transferred from atom to atom. At the hot end the atoms are vibrating a lot. The vibration is gradually passed along to the other atoms as they collide into each other. This happens in all substances, but in a metal something extra happens. A metal has many free-moving electrons. These free-electrons can travel through the metal, transferring the energy more quickly. Convection: The transfer of energy, by the movements of particles only in liquids and gases Radiation: Energy from the Sun reaches us after travelling through space at the speed of light. When this hits an object, some of it is taken in or absorbed. This makes the molecules vibrate more - and so the object hotter. Objects take in and take and give out energy as radiation all the time. Different objects give out different amounts of radiation depending on their temperature and their surface. Isaac Newton stated that the rate at which a warm object cools is approximately proportional to the temperature difference between the temperature of the warm object and the temperature of its surroundings. This is a typical cooling rate graph. Factors that affect the cooling
Ionisation smoke alarms use an ionisation chamber and a source of ionising radiation to detect smoke.
Smoke Alarms What Is It? A smoke alarm is a device that can detect smoke; alternatively it can also be called fire alarm systems or household detectors. The smoke alarm was created to detect fires and would consequently give a warning in the form of a signal or an alarm. Smoke alarms are fitted to the ceiling and are usually a very small disk shape size. There are two main types of smoke alarms. The first one and probably the more commercial and cheaper one is the physical process alarm (Ionisation). These are usually powered by a single disposable battery. The other main type of smoke alarm is photoelectric, which basically works by optical detection.[1] This report is on Ionisation smoke alarms. How Do They Work? Ionisation smoke alarms use an ionisation chamber and a source of ionising radiation to detect smoke. These are the more inexpensive ones however; one major disadvantage of ionisation detectors is that they are sensitive to very small particles of smoke. An ion is an atom with a positive or negative charge.[2] To ionise means to remove an electron from an atom and purposely create positive and negative ions. Inside the ionisation chamber is a tiny amount of americium 241.[3] The reason why americium is often used instead of other radioactive elements is that americium 241 has a very long half life of 432 years. It is a very good source of alpha particles. The
Are mobile phones harmful to our health
http://brainethics.files.wordpress.com/2006/07/save-brain2.jpg "Parents should ensure their children use mobile phones only when absolutely necessary because of the potential health risks, an expert is warning" news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4113989.stm http://lh6.ggpht.com/newmobilephones4u/SH8pRkrQZVI/AAAAAAAAADI/WN1W3401Udo/%5BUNSET%5D.jpg Contents: PAGE NUMBER * Introduction 3 - 4 * arguments of those who believe that mobile phones are a risk to their health 4 * (harmful effect of radiation) 4 * Why the effects of mobile phones are really bad 5-6 * The effects of mobile phones6-7 * What you should do about the effects8 * Other dangerous harm to our health that we should know9 * arguments of those who don't believe that mobile phones are not harmful to our health 10 * scientific research about mobile phones11-13 * conclusion14-15 * bibliography16 Introduction Many people have more than 2 phones on them and they don't know that the effect of the radiation that comes from the phone is dangerous to their health which can even cause death to them. Many people believe that mobile phones are a risk to our health and some still don't know the effect that it has to our health. Also some don't believe that mobile phones harm our health because they think that mobile phones are meant to be used to talk all day. But that aren't true because mobile phones
Should radioactive smoke alarms be a compulsory purchase?
Finn O Hurley Should radioactive smoke alarms be made a compulsory purchase for all home owners in the UK? I am going to discuss whether radioactive smoke alarms should be made a compulsory purchase for home owners in the UK. I will describe how they work and their advantages and disadvantages. I will also examine an alternative to radioactive smoke alarms and describe its advantages and disadvantages. Using data from the fire and rescue service I shall identify trends and patterns I have found for fires that have occurred over the last few years, both with, and without smoke alarms. Finally, based on my research I shall give my opinion on which smoke alarms are the best, whether more than one type of smoke alarm is desirable and whether the purchase of radioactive smoke alarms should be compulsory for home owners in the UK. Diagram 11 A radioactive smoke alarm works in a similar way to the human nose in that it uses a kind of chemistry to spot unusual molecules (smoke) heading inward. The alarm contains a radioactive form of a chemical element called Americium 241. The americium 241 is placed beside a small ionising chamber. The chamber consists of two plates connected to a battery. As I said, Americium 241 is radioactive which means it is unstable and is trying to stabilise itself by emitting alpha particles. Alpha particles have a charge of +2, and are made of
