"Making an Electromagnet"

Project in Physics Technical Paper "Making an Electromagnet" Submitted by: Group 10 Audrey Mae Selda Ednard La Rosa Easter Cindy Mutia Ken Bjanli Te Year 4- Diamond Submitted to: Ms. Shella Mae Cascaro Physics Teacher Date of Submission: December 14, 2005 Wednesday A. Statement of the Problem/ Objectives: The following are some objectives or what the proponents would like to carry out in the progress of this project: To be able to make an electromagnet in the simplest way. To be able to relate the number of turns of wire with the strength of the electromagnet To be able to attract as many paper clips as possible. To be able to explain and recognize the principles and concepts behind electromagnetism. B. Materials and Methods: I. Materials: These are some of the materials used by the proponents in making the electromagnet: One iron nail Stranded copper wire One or more D-cell batteries Scissors Paper clips II. Methods: These are what the proponents did in making the electromagnet: The proponents first gathered all the materials needed for the making of the electromagnet. The next thing that the proponents did was to remove some insulation. So a pair of scissor or a cutter was used in order to remove the insulating rubber starting from each end of the wire to expose the copper wire. The wire was wrapped around the nail in a spiral manner.

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length of a simple pendulum affects the time

. Plan Aim To investigate how the length of a simple pendulum affects the time for a complete swing. Variables length The length of the pendulum has a large effect on the time for a complete swing. As the pendulum gets longer the time increases. size of swing Surprisingly, the size of the swing does not have much effect on the time per swing. mass The mass of the pendulum also does not affect the time. air resistance With a small pendulum bob there is very little air resistance. This can easily be seen because it takes a long time for the pendulum to stop swinging, so only a small amount of energy is lost on each swing. A large and light pendulum bob would be affected by a significant amount of air resistance. This might change the way the pendulum moves. gravity The pendulum is moved by the force of gravity pulling on it. On the Moon, where the pull of gravity is less, I would expect the time for each swing to be longer. Theory When the pendulum is at the top of its swing it is momentarily stationary. It has zero kinetic energy and maximum gravitational potential energy. As the pendulum falls the potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy. The speed increases as the pendulum falls and reaches a maximum at the bottom of the swing. Here the speed and kinetic energy are a maximum, and the potential energy is a minimum. As the pendulum rises the

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The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum.

SCIENCE COURSEWORK PENDULUM EXPERIMENT Aim The purpose of this experiment is to see what factors affect the period of one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. In this investigation I am going to discover and investigate the factors, which affect the time for one complete oscillation of a simple pendulum. It is important to understand what a pendulum is. A pendulum has a weight or mass fixed and left hanging of the string. An oscillation is one cycle of the pendulums motion e.g. from position a to b and back to a. I will time how long it takes for one oscillation of the pendulum. I am going to do a simple preliminary experiment to investigate which of the factors I test have an effect on the time for one complete oscillation. The factors basic variable factors I can test are: ? Length (the distance between the point of suspension and the mass) ? Mass (the weight in g of the item suspended from the fixed point) ? Swing size (the length I release the pendulum) *The point of equilibrium is the point at which kinetic energy (KE) is the only force making the mass move and not gravitational potential energy (GPE). I will test the extremes of these factors as I can assume that if they have any effect on the period of oscillation it will become obvious. To make sure my results are accurate enough to allow for any anomalies I will repeat the experiment 2 times for each

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An investigation into the efficiency of an immersion heater 2

An investigation into the efficiency of an immersion heater Introduction: An emersion heater is primarily used to heat water. It does this by using electrical power and converting it into heat energy. The amount of energy supplied to the emersion heater will be worked out using the formula: Voltage Current Time. The heat gained by the water was calculated by using the formula: Mass of water Specific heat Temperature change. This will then be used to calculate the efficiency of the heater. Efficiency is how good the item being tested is at retaining energy: The ratio of the energy delivered by a machine to the energy supplied for its operation determines the items efficiency. I will use the following formula to calculate the immersion heater's efficiency. Energy supplied 100% Energy produced Method: Circuit diagram The apparatus and circuit were set up and arranged as shown in my diagrams above The measurements I will take are as follows: * initial temperature of water * amps after 2 minutes * volts after 2 minutes * temperature of water after 2 minutes To get a fair and average result I will change the type of wire I am using as well as the S.W.G of the wires but not the length of the wire so as to get a variety of results ands therefore see what wire is more efficient to use in the immersion heater. Results: Below are the tables of the results I got

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electomagnet lab

PHYSICS LAB REPORT STRENGTH OF AN ELECTROMAGNET AIM: To investigate the factors that affects the strength of an electromagnet. THEORY: An electromagnet is a magnet that runs on electricity. Unlike a permanent magnet, the strength of an electromagnet can easily be changed by changing the amount of electric current that flows through it. The poles of an electromagnet can even be reversed by reversing the flow of electricity. An electromagnet works because an electric current produces a magnetic field. The magnetic field produced by electric current forms circles around the electric current, as shown in the diagram below: If a wire carrying an electric current is formed into a series of loops, the magnetic field can be concentrated within the loops. The magnetic field can be strengthened even more by wrapping the wire around a core. The atoms of certain materials, such as iron, nickel and cobalt, each behave like tiny magnets. Normally, the atoms in something like a lump of iron point in random directions and the individual magnetic fields tend to cancel each other out. However, the magnetic field produced by the wire wrapped around the core can force some of the atoms within the core to point in one direction. All of their little magnetic fields add together, creating a stronger magnetic field. As the current flowing around the core increases, the number of aligned atoms

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Physics of water waves.

All waves possess the properties of reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference. These phenomena's were observed with the use of a ripple tank. A ripple tank consists of a large rectangular tray with a transparent bottom. Water is placed in this tan to a depth of approximately one centimeter. A light source is then placed above the tray of water. When the water is disturbed it can be seen on a white surface positioned under the tray. The first phenomenon observed was reflection. It was found that water waves also follow the law of reflection. As straight waves strike a hard straight surface they are reflected at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. After reflection the wave has the same speed, frequency and wavelength as it did prior to the collision. This is similar to the reflection of circular waves off a straight barrier. The reflected waves are also circular, however they have a centre point that is position behind the barrier. This point is known as the "image" of the source. Reflection of a parabolic or concave barrier can be closely compared to that of light waves off a concave mirror. If the incident wave was straight, the reflected waves are curved, and they converge at a fixed focal point. After passing through the focus, the radius of the curves increase. The opposite is so when circular waves strike a concave barrier. The reflected waves are

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Galileo and the moon

'Galileo had discovered many wonderful things which are very useful, even in the present life. At 20 while in a cathedral Galileo investigated the time it takes a lamp to swing using his very own heartbeat as a timer, and he realised that the each swing took the exact same time. In addition he invented the thermometer and a military compass to aim cannonballs which still are useful and ingenious. He did not invent the telescope but produced his own and used it to investigate the Moon and realised that it was not as smooth as first though, but full of craters and rough surface. At first he was rejected, and a mathematician stated that the moon was covered in 'invisible, transparent, smooth crystal.' Also Galileo said that the Moon like the Earth consisted of valleys and Mountains and that the dark spots were created by the Sun producing shadows. Then using his 30x power telescope Galileo focused on Jupiter and found three stars all in a straight line to each other. However Galileo was very secretive he wrote his discoveries as anagrams, so that it did not escape to others. Finally he concluded that Jupiter had three satellites which orbited Jupiter. This made Galileo suspicious if the earth was the centre of our solar system as the three 'stars' orbited Jupiter. Although Galileo thought that the sun was the centre of our solar system, he failed to accept this himself as he was

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Investigate the relationship between GPE (Gravitational Potential Energy) and KE (Kinetic Energy) for a trolley or ball rolling down the slope.

GCSE PHYSICS Coursework Data Analysis/Handling-Investigation To investigate the relationship between GPE (Gravitational Potential Energy) and KE (Kinetic Energy) for a trolley or ball rolling down the slope. Candidate Name: Leah McDonald Centre Name: Dunraven School Candidate Number: 7125 Centre Number: 10920 Strategy We were asked to complete an investigation into the energy associated with a trolley rolling down a slope. At first I wasn't sure exactly what question I wanted to investigate so I carried out the following preliminary investigations: Preliminary Experiment 1: Time= 1.28 seconds Average Velocity =50.0/1.28 Using a stop timer still leaves Human error,-human reaction Time. Preliminary Experiment 2: Time=678.49 ms(milliseconds) second = 0.001 ms Time=0.67849 seconds Average Velocity =0.50 0.67849 0.73 m/s NOTE: The data logger was set to 'timing and then 'timing from A to B' Preliminary Experiment 3: Time= 7.36 milliseconds Instantaneous Velocity= 0.01 0.00736 =1.20 m/s NOTE: The data logger was set as 'timing' and then 'timing at A' mode After completing my preliminary experiments, I thought that the most promising ling of investigation was Preliminary Experiment 2, because the Data Logger gives an advantage, which removes the disadvantage of Human Reaction time. makes it more likely for my results to be more accurate. So the

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Aim To investigate the effect of different masses suspended from a spring on the time period of the spring.

THE EFFECT OF A SUSPENDED MASS ON THE TIME PERIOD OF THE SPRING. Aim To investigate the effect of different masses suspended from a spring on the time period of the spring. Hypothesis I feel that if I increase the mass, the period will increase too because the mass is proportionate to the time period. Variables > Independent - Mass suspended from spring. > Dependent- The time period of the string. > Constant- The apparatus, Number of oscillations, spring constant (elasticity). Apparatus > 1 spring > 100 gram masses. (6 of them) Materials > 1 clamp stand > Stopwatch > Plasticine Method . Place a clamp stand on the table 2. Attach the spring to the clamp stand. 3. Add heavy books on the clamp stand to the base so that it is stable and doesn't affect our readings. 4. Add Plasticine to the top of the spring so that the spring itself doesn't vibrate a lot. Hence there would be no discrepancies in the readings. 5. Add 100 grams mass to the spring. 6. Displace the 100 gram mass. 7. Release the 100 gram mass and at the same time start the stopwatch. 8. Record the time taken for 10 oscillations. 9. Repeat steps 6 to 8 2 more times to get three total trials. 0. Now add more mass to the spring and repeat steps 6 to 8 with 200 g, 300g, 400g, and 500g. Diagram Raw Data Table Mass (grams) Time taken for 10 Oscillations (seconds)( +/- 0.01 secs) Trial

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Our solar systemconsists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth,Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellitesof the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the interpla...

Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun's nearest known stellar neighbour is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear night, orbits the centre of our home galaxy, a spiral disk of 200 billion stars we call the Milky Way. The Milky Way has two small galaxies orbiting it nearby, which are visible from the southern hemisphere. They are called the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud. The nearest large galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy. It is a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way but is 4 times as massive and is 2 million light years away. Our galaxy, one of billions of galaxies known, is travelling through intergalactic space. The planets, most of the satellites of the planets and the asteroids revolve around the Sun in the same direction, in nearly circular orbits. When looking down from above the Sun's North Pole, the planets orbit in a counter-clockwise direction. The planets orbit the Sun in or near the

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