What factors effect the resistance of conductors
Investigation 1 - Resistance What factors effect the resistance of conductors Diagram Plan: The task of this investigation is to find out the factors that affect the resistance on conductor. This will be done by performing experiment that try and investigate different proposed factor and to see whether they affect the resistance. There are many factors that affect the resistance of an object. It is determined by the nature of the substance of which it is composed known as the resistivity, the dimension of the object include the surface area of the wire conductor and the length of the conductor. (Advanced physics, 4th addition by Tom Duncan) The factors that will be investigating will be the type of material, the cross-sectional area and the length. The reason I am not going to investigate temperature is because it is difficult to measure the temperature within a wire. (Martin) Ohm's law says that the amount of current flowing in a circuit made up of pure resistance is directly proportional to the electromotive force impressed on the circuit and inversely proportion to the total resistance of the circuit. The law is usually expressed by the formula I =V/R. Where I is the current in Ampere, v is the electromotive force in volts and R is the resistance in ohms. This enables us to work out the resistance using the current and voltage. (G C S E grade booster by Schofield
Electricity production - The various methods.
Electricity Production The Various Methods There are many ways to produce electricity, although not all are in wide use. Here are some of the more popular new methods and facts about how they are used. Hydro-Electric Power Hydro-electric power plants convert the kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity. The energy in flowing water is ultimately derived from the sun, and is therefore constantly being renewed. Energy contained in sunlight evaporates water from the oceans and deposits it on land in the form of rain. Differences in land elevation result in rainfall runoff, and allow some of the original solar energy to be captured as hydro-electric power (Figure 1). Hydro power is currently the world's largest renewable source of electricity, accounting for 6% of worldwide energy supply or about 15% of the world's electricity. In Canada, hydroelectric power is abundant and supplies 60% of our electrical needs. Traditionally thought of as a cheap and clean source of electricity, most large hydro-electric schemes being planned today are coming up against a great deal of opposition from environmental groups and native people. Wind Energy Wind power is a vast resource of clean, reliable cost effective electricity. Electricity generated from the wind does not contribute to global warming and acid rain. As part of an electrical system which has a diversity of
My aim is to find out what affect a length of a wire has on its resistance. The resistance will be measured by finding out the current and the voltage travailing through a wire at variable lengths.
Investigating Resistance By Chantelle Wright 0B Planning Aim My aim is to find out what affect a length of a wire has on its resistance. The resistance will be measured by finding out the current and the voltage travailing through a wire at variable lengths. I shall use 11 different lengths of wire so that I have a good range of readings and will be able to plot a line of best-fit graph from the results. The lengths will range from 10 cm to 100 cm and will have a gap of 10 cm between each length of wire so that for example I will have one wire with a length of 10 cm and the next smallest length of wire as 20 cm. I shall measure the lengths in centimetres as I want the divisions between the results clear and I believe that it will be easier to ensure that the wire is a precise number of centimetres. I am starting at 10 cm, because any length below that may be unsafe. Background knowledge Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons. As the electrons flow through the wire they bump into atoms. When they bump into an atom, the electron looses some energy and slows down. The resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire, i.e. if you double one you double the other. Therefore, the longer the wire, the larger the resistance I have found out what affects the resistance from the physics book "The World of Physics" by John Avison, published by Nelson
Whether the length of resistance wire affects its resistance, and if so how
Introduction Resistance wire has various uses in and around the house, including resistors, heating/lighting elements and in fuse boxes. It is made in different types and thicknesses. The resistance of a wire can be calculated using ohm's law - V/A = R, (voltage divided by amps equals the resistance of the wire.) The resistance of a wire varies depending on its length, type and thickness. Aim The aim of this investigation is to find out whether the length of resistance wire affects its resistance, and if so how. Apparatus The following is needed for the practical experiment: * A power pack * Ammeter * Voltmeter * Crocodile clips * Connecting wires * A metre rule * Various lengths of wire to test Preliminary Experiment A preliminary experiment was carried out to determine the variant in the length of wire, the power pack voltage to be used and also to find out any other changes that could be made in our final experiment. Some of the possible factors to investigate were: The length of the wire - The type of wire - The thickness of wire We took some rough results and observed different lengths and types of wire at different voltages. We concluded firstly that voltages over 6 volts and short wire lengths (under 25cm) caused overheating, and resulted in the wire snapping. We had earlier decided that the length of wire would be the easiest factor to vary,
To find out what changes in period occur if we drop the pendulum from different angles and how Period (time it takes the pendulum to travel from one side to the other and back, 1period = 2 swings) and Angle are related to each other.
Pendulum Experiments: Experiment 1 Changing the Angle Planning A: Aim: To find out what changes in period occur if we drop the pendulum from different angles and how Period (time it takes the pendulum to travel from one side to the other and back, 1period = 2 swings) and Angle are related to each other. Hypothesis: As greater the angle is as faster the weight will travel. But not only the speed increases also the distance the pendulum has to travel increases. So there is a direct relationship between speed and distance. The prediction is that the amount of time it takes the pendulum for a period will increase as we increase the angle. This is because the distance the pendulum has to travel increases. Friction and air resistance results in a longer period. Planning B: The Equipment needed: a piece of steel wire at least 1 meter long, stand to attach the pendulum, Boss, Angle measurer, Clamp, a watch that counts seconds, pencil and paper/laptop to record the results, a weight to attach on the string (as heavier as better because air resistance has less effect) In this Experiment the Controlled variables will be the length of the string, the gravity, etc... The independent variable in the experiment will be the angle of which the pendulum drops. Method: Change the angle on the pendulum. Then you'll measure the period, the dependent variable. We will drop it from
Investigating what Factors Effect the Resistance of a Wire.
Investigating what Factors Effect the Resistance of a Wire. For this investigation I am going to investigate a factor which effects resistance of a wire. Resistance is measured in ohms (?). It is a measure of how hard it is to move current through a component, it occurs when electrons travelling along the wire collides with the atoms of the wire. To choose a factor to measure I will make a list of the factors I could investigate and decide which one is best for me to investigate. . Material - The type of material will effect the type of atom in the wire, which consequently dictates the number of free electrons. I will not investigate this factor because, although recording results would be simple, no graph could be drawn, from which a connection could be made. 2. Temperature - If the wire is heated the atoms will have an increase in energy, This will cause more collisions. I wont investigate this factor either as it would be extremely hard to carry this out as a fair test, as it would be very difficult to control the temperature of the wire. 3. Wire width- if the wire width is increases then there will be more room for the free electrons to go through the wire. I will not investigate this factor either, as the graphs I would be able to draw up would be uninteresting and irrelevant. 4. Wire Length- if the length of the wire increases so will the distance the
Fly with physics
Fly With Physics The Physics of an Airplane's Flight By Marco Vitali, 10B Physics, May 28th 2009 Airplanes are an efficient way of traveling to places, especially if they're far away. They are used every day by hundreds of thousands of people; more than 87,000 flights are in the skies in the United States every day and only one-third of those are commercial carriers, such as Iberia, American Airlines and Singapore Airlines. "At any given moment, roughly 5,000 planes are in the skies above the United States" (Air Traffic Control: By the Numbers). Even though they are used so much, still today, there are discussions on who invented the first working "flying machine" or airplane. History "Ever since [humans] first saw a bird fly, [humans have] wanted to fly. The first attempts were efforts to fly like a bird by attaching feathers to their arms and flapping. Those attempts were unsuccessful."(History of Airplanes) The first recorded, successful flight was in 1783 but it was in a hot air balloon, which does not use any of the principles behind an airplane (History of Airplanes). Even though the former was the first successful recorded flight, many people believe that it was Leonardo Da Vinci who actually invented the first working flying machine and flew. According to the author of "Da Vinci Rising," Jack Dann, "there is no clear hard-core evidence that specifically
In this investigation I am going to investigate the resistance in a piece of wire. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current and is measured in Ohms.
In this investigation I am going to investigate the resistance in a piece of wire. Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current and is measured in Ohms. I could change the material of the wire, the length of the wire, the temperature of the wire, or the area or thickness of the wire. These are all the variables that could be changed or observed in this experiment/investigation. Normally you would measure the current of the wire with an ammeter, and the voltage with a voltmeter. To work out the resistance we normally need to know the current flow and the voltage but I am going to use a multimeter that measures resistance. (V) (R) Voltage Resistance= Current (I) I am going to change the length of the wire but keep the material of the wire, the temperature of the wire and the area or thickness of the wire all the same to make it a fair test. I think that the shorter the wire the less resistance. I think its because the longer the wire the more molecules there is to get past for the current therefore the shorter the wire there is less molecules to get past. Molecules Length Current of electrons Apparatus Measuring device 3 wires Mutlimeter Method First we got all the apparatus and set it out. The multimeter gets turned to the right setting to measure resistance then the two connecting wires in the bottom hole and the second hole. We started from
Atomic Clocks.
Atomic Clocks Name: Wong Yun Sheng Calvin (2O/23) As pictured above, a scientist stands over a NB-5 atomic clock. How do atomic clocks work? Atomic clocks measure time by the frequency of radiation emitted by an atom or molecule when it makes a transition between two energy states. An atomic clock measures the frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an atom or molecule. Atomic clocks are extremely precise and are used to keep universal time-the international basis for establishing legal and scientific times and for setting all public and private clocks worldwide. When an atom or molecule moves from one energy level to another, a specific amount, or quantum, of energy is absorbed when jumping to a higher energy level or emitted when falling to a lower energy level. The amount of energy absorbed or emitted depends on the difference between the energy levels. The atom or molecule emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation and the wavelength and frequency of the radiation depends on the amount of energy released by each transition between energy levels. Because the atom or molecule can only emit or absorb a specific amount of energy, the radiation emitted or absorbed has a regular frequency. A counter in the atomic clock keeps track of each cycle. Atomic clocks determine the frequency of an atom or molecule's transition in one of two ways. An active
Properties of Footwear - Friction is a force.
Properties of Footwear Friction is a force. This force is when one surface slides and rubs across another and this causes friction and this tries to stop the movement of the two surfaces moving. Friction opposes the movement of an object this is noticeable when a ball is moving through the air and the air resistance is slowing the ball down until it eventually comes to a halt. This type of friction is called Kinetic (which means moving) energy into heat. Examples of Friction Running - especially when you start running pushing your feet against the ground is causing friction so that you can move forwards. Sprinter Runners have to wear spikes on the bottom of their shoes so that they can improve their grip on the running track. Football - Studs are used on football boots and this is used to improve grip when running round a pitch especially when turning. Rugby - Studs are also used for rugby so that it is easier to run on the turf Cricket - there is grip on the bat handle to stop it twisting when the ball is hitting the bat. When gripping a ball if the grip is not very good like when it rains or something then the ball will tend to slip out of the bowlers hand. Tennis - Racket grip is important in this game, mainly so the bat doesn't slip out the player's hand and to help him guide the ball where they want. Examples of Sports where low friction is good Ice Skating -
