rates of reaction- hydrochloric acid

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Rates of reaction

Aim:

The aim of the experiment is to investigate how the concentrations of hydrochloric acid effects the rate of reaction with magnesium, i.e. how quickly/ how much hydrogen is produced.

Experiment Equations:

- Magnesium + Hydrogen acid  Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen

- Mg + 2HCl  MgCl² + H²

- Metal + Acid  Metal Salt + Hydrogen

Prediction:

I predicted that the rate of reaction will increase when the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases. The reasons for this is because the more particles there are moving around in one place the more chance there is of a collision between the particles with sufficient energy to create a reaction. In the higher concentrations of hydrochloric acid there is more acid particles to collide with the magnesium therefore a higher rate of reaction.

Safety:

During the practical various measures must be taken to ensure the experiment is carried out safely. These measures are;

- Always wear safety goggles (at all times) to ensure no chemicals make contact with eyes.

- Avoid contact of acid on skin as it is corrosive. If acid does touch skin wash it off (immediately).

- Don’t run in labs, no food or drink.

- No concentration of hydrochloric acid greater than 2 molar, anything larger is dangerous.

- Clean up any spillages immediately.

Equipment list:

- Boiling tube = this is where the chemical reaction takes place.

- Trough of water = contains the water and fills the beehive unit.

- Beehive unit = this increases the surface so that the bubbles can be collected.

- Delivery tube = carries the hydrogen bubbles.

- Bung = stops the hydrogen bubbles from escaping into the surrounding environment.

- 25ml Measuring cylinder = to measure the hydrochloric acid.

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- 100ml Measuring cylinder = to collect the hydrogen bubbles so I can measure and collect results.

- Stop clock = counts the time in the reaction.

- Marker pen = to mark the level of water every 10 seconds.

- Magnesium 3cm strips - one of the reactants in the chemical reaction.

- Safety Goggles = to protect my eyes.

- Hydrochloric acid - one of the reactants in the chemical reaction and in different mols in suitable ranges of concentrations; 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0. This shows the different rates of reaction as you change the ...

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*** This has all of the key elements to be a four or five stars piece. However there are some key elements that are missing the preliminary results should be included. Most importantly there is no reference to any of the current scientific knowledge regarding rates of reaction. This knowledge needs to be linked to the results and conclusion without this the report is limited to three stars. Other improvements have been suggested throughout.