4) Determine and record initial temperature of water
5) Place beaker on the heat proof gauze on the tripod
6) Turn on Bunsen burner under beaker, start clock.
After 5 minutes, turn off Bunsen burner.
7) Measure the final temperature of the water.
8) Record all data Collected.
9) Process Data collected in an appropriate manner.
10) Clean up the work area.
Literary review: The specific heat capacity of a substance, according to answers. Com is the amount of heat energy that must be added to, or removed from, a unit of mass of a given substance to change its temperature by 1°C. A Bunsen burner, according to answers.com, is a small laboratory burner consisting of a vertical metal tube connected to a gas source and producing a very hot flame from a mixture of gas and air let in through adjustable holes at the base
DATA COLLECTED.
Initial temperature of water: 20 degrees Celsius
Final temperature of water: 27 degrees Celsius
Change in temperature: 7 degrees Celsius
Specific heat Capacity of water: 4200 Joules
Dry mass of beaker: 175.5 g
Mass of water and beaker: 275.5 g
Mass of water: (275.5-175.5) 100g
Analysis of Data:
energy supplied= specific heat capacity of water * mass of water* change in temperature
4200*100*7= 2940000 Joules
Power ( energy supplied per second) = Energy given/ time taken.
2940.000J/ 300s= 9.800watts
Observation: it is observed that small amounts of steam are seen evaporating from the beaker, the water begins to bubble slightly and the volume of the water in the beaker declines slightly.
Sources of error:
- Water lost due to evaporation.
- Water spilt during transfer to tripod.
- Thermometer touches beaker, giving a misread of the water’s true temperature.
- Heat lost to beaker and environment.
Modifications to plan:
- Allow more time for water to heat to see a more significant change in temperature.
- Add tongs to apparatus for the handling of hot beaker.
Safety precautions:
- Eye protection to avoid irritation from gas and heat.
- Used heatproof gloves to avoid burns when dealing with flame and hot water.
- Kept a fire extinguisher nearby in case of fire.
Conclusion: The Bunsen burner provided 9800 Joules of energy to the water per second. The Bunsen burner provides this energy by means of the complete combustion of methane gas in air (CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ➞ 2H2O (g) + CO2 (g) ) this reaction is highly exothermic, meaning it gives off large amounts of energy in the form of heat. The heat and intensity of the Bunsen flame can be adjusted my means of adjusting the regulating sleeve( or throat holes) on its tube. When the sleeve is closed letting in less air, a smoky, luminous flame is produced, when it is opened, a hotter, cleaner, non-luminous blue flame is produced. The Bunsen burner can provide large quantities of heat.
