test for anions present in various salts.

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CHEMICAL TESTING FOR ANIONS

INTRODUCTION;

In this investigation we are going to test for anions present in various salts.

Such as we have known, the charged particles are called ions. Positive ions are called cations because they travel towards the cathode, such as: aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, iron (II), iron (III); Negative ions are called anions because they travel towards the anode, such as: carbonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulphate. Anions - the Negative ions are called anions because they travel towards the anode. Sulphate ions and nitrate ions are very difficult to discharge. When solutions of sulphates and nitrates are electrolyzed, hydroxide ions are discharged instead, and oxygen is evolved.Cations are the charged particles that contain positive ions and anion are the charged particles that contain negative ions.

In this experiment, we are going to use the tests of anions of various metals slats Potassium chloride, Iron chloride, Sodium sulphate Calcium carbonate and Lead carbonate.

AIM –

To identify anions present in various salts by chemical testing.

APPARATUS:

  • Spatula
  • Test tubes
  • Test tube racks
  • Distilled water
  • Pipette
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Barium chloride
  • Silver nitrate solution
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Lead carbonate
  • Potassium chloride
  • Sodium sulphate
  • Tap water

HEALTH AND SAFETY

  • Hydrochloric acid is corrosive and may cause burns must be handled with care.
  • Nitric acid is corrosive and can cause severe burns should be handled with care when in use
  • Barium chloride is toxic should not be inhaled in large quantity
  • Silver nitrate causes burns so should be handles with care.
  • Potassium is highly flammable must not be used near flames and handled with care.
  • Iron is irritant and harmful to eyes and skin should be handled with care
  • Sodium is highly flammable and corrosive, should be handled with care and avoid using near flames.
  • Calcium carbonate is highly flammable , should not be used near flames
  • Lead is toxic , hands must be washed after use
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METHOD:

  1. potassium chloride salt was put in a test tube
  2. then nitric acid was inserted in the same test tube
  3. any observation seen was recorded in a table
  4. more nitric acid was then inserted until the salt dissolved
  5. distilled water was then added
  6. Silver nitrate was added using a new pipette. Results were then recorded
  7. potassium chloride was then inserted in another test tube
  8. a few drops of hydrochloric acid were then inserted in this new beaker
  9. results were recorded
  10. more hydrochloric acid was then inserted until the slat dissolved
  11. ...

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