Photosynthesis Investigation
Photosynthesis Investigation Prediction The equation for photosynthesis is: Water + Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen 6H2O (l) 6CO2 (g) C6H12O6 (aq) 6O2 From this equation it is seen that sunlight is very important in the production of glucose. If all other products are available e.g. water and carbon dioxide in sufficient quantities then light can be used as a variable. If not enough of any reactant is present it will be a limiting factor. This means that no matter how much light is added no more glucose can be made. In our experiment the plant i.e. elodea is placed in water and sodium hydrogen carbonate is added thereby preventing a limiting factor. This is because the water of course is plentiful and the sodium hydrogen carbonate provides the elodea with carbon dioxide. The only way that a limiting factor can be reached is if the temperature rises too high. To prevent this we placed a beaker in front of the light source, which absorbed the heat. The beaker also prevented an increase in temperature as the lamp was moved closer to the elodea. The introduction of the beaker stopped an additional factor entering the experiment. As a limiting factor is unlikely to occur I anticipate that there will be a positive correlation between the rate of photosynthesis and the light intensity. This means that as the light intensity doubles the rate of
Photosynthesis Investigation
Photosynthesis Investigation AIM: As part of my coursework my aim is to produce a detailed investigation showing you what affects photosynthesis and how fast a plant can photosynthesise. To do this I will place pondweed in a bottle and by using a lamp, I will move the light closer to the plant, and count how many bubbles the weed release after a certain amount of time. INVESTIGATION: Photosynthesis is a method in which plants use to produce food. Plants do this by converting light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water. Inside the leaf is a green substance called Chlorophyll. This Chlorophyll helps to trap the energy from the sunlight, where as the carbon dioxide is trapped through tiny hole in the leaf. The water is absorbed through the roots and up through the stem. The trapped sunlight helps the carbon dioxide and water react. This makes a sugar called glucose. It also makes a waste product called oxygen, which humans use to breathe. The factors that will affect photosynthesis are darkness and this is why they don't photosynthesis at night. At night thought the plants take in oxygen and then give at their carbon dioxide as a waste product. FAIR TESTING: The variables in which I believe will affect my investigation are the following: * Light Shining through from other experiments. This will affect my experiment because the extra light will cause the plant
Photosynthesis Lab
Photosynthesis Lab Jillian Wilson Framingham State College March 29th, 2002 Introduction Photosynthesis is a very important process. It uses sunlight, Carbon dioxide, and water to make food, and gain energy. The process occurs in three stages: the capturing on energy from sunlight, the formation of ATP (from that energy), and the synthesis of CO2 (by use of ATP). The equation for photosynthesis can be written as: 6CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy --> C6h1206 + 6O2 + 6H2O But why is it important? By releasing oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide, photosynthesis has transformed the world into the hospitable environment we know today. Both directly and indirectly, photosynthesis fills all of our food requirements and many of our needs for fiber and building materials. The energy stored in petroleum, natural gas and coal all came from the sun via photosynthesis, as does the energy in firewood, which is a major fuel in many parts of the world. This being the case, scientific research into photosynthesis is vitally important. In this lab, we studied the effects of light intensity on photosynthetic rate, and the relationship between color (essentially light wavelength) and photosynthetic rate. This was an interesting process as it involved the measuring of bubbles released from a plant under water, thus determining the rate of photosynthesis by the amount of oxygen released. The
Physics coursework
Physics coursework Centre 40209 Candidate 3014 Anthony Brocklesby Aim * To investigate the factors that affects the average speed of a falling cake case. Equipment I will need: * 50 cake cases * 1 Stop clock * Flat surface * Tape measure Prediction * I predict 50 cake cases will fall with a greater speed than the others. This is because more cake cases have a greater mass and will therefore hit the floor with a quicker time, and a greater speed. My research suggests that because the mass is greater with more cake cases, they will reach a constant speed slower therefore accelerating for longer. * To calculate the average speed I used the equation o Speed = Distance Time * The distance I am dropping the cases from is 1.8 metres Preliminary plan I will get 50 cake cases * Measure the height of where I want to drop cake cases off. * Use a timer and time the time it takes for the cake case to fall to the floor of the determined height. * Then record my results in a table then determine the average time by adding my first and my second times then dividing them by two * Then to find the average speed I used the equation speed =distance over time * So I divided my distance by my average time to get the average speed. Safety To keep the experiment safe I will make sure that the cupboards are secure and wont fall over. I will also keep the experiment area clear
Physics Coursework
Conclusion on the distance travelled by the car to the height up the ramp From the pattern on the graph we can conclude that the distance travelled by the car is further when you put the car higher up the ramp. We can prove this from the results on the graph. At ten centimetres up the ramp, the car travels an average distance of one hundred and seven point three centimetres. This is quite a low average of distance travelled and that is because there is less gravitational potential energy. As we get higher up the graph we find that the average distance does get larger, this is because there is more gravitational potential energy, and at twenty centimetres up the ramp there is almost a ninety centimetre difference of average between the lowest average and the highest average. This is because there is the most gravitational potential energy for the car. From the graph we can see that the gradient is larger at points fifteen centimetres on the average to fourteen centimetres on the average, then at seventeen centimetres on the average to twenty centimetres on the average. This because the car is starting to reach its terminal velocity and the amount of gravitational potential energy that is being increased is starting to become less effective because the car can not travel any faster after it has reached its terminal velocity. The gradient between points nineteen centimetres on
Physics Coursework - Making Sense of Data
Physics Coursework - Making Sense of Data The purpose of this investigation is to carry out two experiments, collecting a series of data. This will then be analysed and a conclusion will then be drawn, using my knowledge of physics. The purpose of the experiments conducted was to investigate the relationship between resistance and the dimensional properties of Nichrome wire. In both experiments the circuit was set out as illustrated below. The wire used had a single strand cross-sectional area of 33x10 cm. Experiment 1: Length & Resistance The first experiment explored the relationship between the length of wire and resistance. The different lengths of wire used ranged form 10cm to 100cm. A current was run through the circuit and the resistance across the wire was measured using an analogue meter. This data was then tabulated as shown below. Length (M) Volts (V) Amps (mA) Ohms R=V/I Resistance/Length .00 2.0 80 25.00 25.00 0.90 2.0 85 23.53 26.14 0.80 2.0 90 22.22 27.78 0.75 2.0 90 22.22 29.63 0.70 2.0 00 20.00 28.57 0.65 2.0 10 8.18 27.97 0.60 2.0 03 9.42 32.36 0.50 2.0 17 7.09 34.19 0.45 2.0 47 3.61 30.23 0.40 .9 55 2.26 30.65 0.30 .8 95 9.23 30.77 0.25 2.0 260 7.69 30.77 0.20 .7 250 6.80 34.00 0.10 .6 390 4.10 41.03 0.10 .0 390 2.56 25.64 It is very difficult to analyse, and
Physics Investigation Of Resistance
Physics Investigation Of Resistance Aim 1: To investigate how the electrical resistance of a wire changes in relationship to it's length. Resistance is when these electrons which flow towards the positive collide with other atoms, they transfer some of their kinetic energy. This transfer on collision is what causes resistance. Key factors: The factors in this experiment are ?The length of the wire ?The width of the wire ?The type of wire e.g. Nichrome ?The temperature of the wire ?The current passing through the wire The factor I will be changing is the length of the wire, I will keep all the other factors the Same. Prediction: I think that as the length of the wire increases so will the resistance of it. I also believe that the rate at which the resistance of the wire increases will be directly proportional to the length. I think this because electric current is the movement of electrons through a conductor. In this experiment a metal wire. So when resistance is high, conductivity is low. Metals conduct electricity well because the atoms in them do not hold on to their electrons very well. Free electrons are created, which carry a negative charge, 'jump' along the lines of atoms in a wire which are in a lattice structure. Resistance is when these electrons which flow towards the positive collide with other atoms, they transfer some of their kinetic energy. This
Animal Testing
Is Animal Testing/Research Necessary for Advancing in Medicine? Introduction: Animal testing involves using non-human animals for scientific procedures. Animal research can be used for a number of things such as developing new drugs to improve health, learning about animals and the human body, aiding scientific advances and ensuring other products do not harm humans. Vaccinations against diseases like polio, rabies, measles, mumps and rubella were developed because they were tested on animals. Also the development of open-heart surgery and organ transplants depended on operations done on animals. In 2006 approximately two million animals were used in procedures. Animals that are normally used in tests and experiments include: rats, mice, rabbits, monkeys, guinea-pigs, cats, dogs, fish, birds, pigs, horse, sheep and hamsters. This pie chart shows the types of animals used in procedures. A large proportion of experiments are conducted on mice. (1) Those who are extremely against animal testing (animal rights activists) would refer to it as 'vivisection'. This means the 'cutting up of animals'. They refer to animal testing being morally wrong and cruel. However this is just one view, others are not so against animal testing. Others may believe that animal testing is necessary for some purposes for example medicinal purposes yet not for beauty products. Methods of
Aseptic Technique.
Aseptic Technique * Wipe the bench you are working on with disinfectant - this kills all the bacteria that may already be on the bench at the start of the experiment. The bench also needs to be wiped down at the end of the experiment. * Wipe tray that you will put all the equipment on with disinfectant - this is done to kill all the bacteria that may already be on the tray so that the sterilised equipment is not contaminated. * Sterilise all equipment - the equipment used is put in an autoclave which sterilises it so that bacteria on the equipment are killed and the equipment is ready to be used. * Light Bunsen Burner near equipment - this is done to create an up draught of air away from the bench to prevent contamination of cultures. * Wash your hands with antibacterial soap - this will get rid of any bacteria that may already be o your hands. Other safety precautions: * Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes * Wear a lab coat to protect your clothes from being contaminated with the cultures. * Cover all cuts Procedure . Collect all sterilised equipment and put on the tray that has already been disinfected. 2. Collect 10cm3 of the water sample in a sterile test tube and cover. 3. Prepare 4 serial dilutions of the original (10 , 10 , 10 , 10 ). Make sure a different pipette is used for each sample or else the samples will be contaminated. 4. Label the
nuclear power
Should nuclear power be used? Nuclear power stations use uranium -235 to create heat which is used to heat up water, the steam from the water is used to turn a turbine which powers a generator which creates electricity. Susie believes nuclear power is clean energy with very little effect on the environment. However Alan believes nuclear power is dangerous because it is unsafe and could damage the environment and be dangerous to humans. What Susie has said is true; nuclear power is clean energy because it does not release any pollutants or toxic gases. This is because the energy created in a nuclear power station is done by using the power of the atom to create heat energy. Although it doesn't release pollutants in the air it releases radiation. This however does not get release outside of the container which is lined with lead to stop any radiation escaping. This allows the area surrounding the nuclear power station to be safe. The area can be contaminated if the protective dome of the container becomes damaged or cracked. This would allow radiation from the station to escape. This is but a small issue as all nuclear power stations are fully maintained to prevent any harm to the environment. There is a vast amount of uranium so uranium -235 would be a fuel that could be used for years to come. This is a huge benefit because supplies of fossil fuels are quickly running out.
