In the following assignment, it is my intention to produce a research report, examining women involved in street prostitution and how they end up entering the criminal justice system.
Introduction In the following assignment, it is my intention to produce a research report, examining women involved in street prostitution and how they end up entering the criminal justice system. Within the report I will look at three pieces of research, review their main findings, the type of research that was used, and look to identify where I believe further research is required. My reason for choosing women in the criminal justice system is that I have expressed an interest in the criminal justice setting and my elective module is in this area. Anything that I learn from undertaking this assignment will aid my understanding and increase my knowledge base when undertaking my second placement. Prostitution has been defined as: "Prostitution involves the exchange of sexual services, sometimes but by no means exclusively, sexual intercourse, for some kind of reward, money, drink, drugs, a meal or a bed for the night" (Shaw & Butler 1998) Another simple definition offered was, prostitution is: "The purchase and sale, involving cash payment of sex" This is the preferred definition of Glasgow's Street Working Women as stated in: Stewart, A (2000). Historical Background Throughout the UK and internationally, the issue of prostitution is seen as an ever-increasing problem. For the purpose of this assignment I will concentrate on the issue of prostitution within the
Does Making Schools Compete For Pupils Bring More Benefit or Harm?
Does Making Schools Compete For Pupils Bring More Benefit or Harm? I do not presume to answer the above question with a definitive answer but I will show you, the reader, a clear outline of the options and their possibilities and how the changes have progressed into today's educational system. The education reform act of 1988 set out to give parents the right to 'express a preference' to which school they felt it best to send their children. One implication that derived from the act was that schools were expected to take pupils up to a historically pre determined limit (their 1979 level of intake). This in turn brings to an end the catchment areas that had been the previous method of selection. A positive outcome that could come from the changes was that parents did not necessarily have to send their children to the nearest school. These choices were outlined to parents in the Parents Charter (DES 1991, DFE 1994) a copy of which went out to every household in Britain. Reasoning behind the charter was to work in tune with the consumer society we live in. One reason for this was as Sharon Gewirtz said in unit 3 some members of the government had "derided the comprehensive system from its 'dull conformity'" "'Real' choice, it was said, requires real diversity." It was felt that this was helped with the 1993 legislation that set up City Technology Colleges (CTCs) and
Construction of Childhood
Contextual Studies Children & Young People Module ref: SS2023 In part one of this essay I will explain the concept of "social construction of childhood" and will analyse its changing nature over time as a result of societal and state attitudes and activity. Finally I will relate these changes to the provision of institutional care for children and young people. Childhood and it's Construction is a transition through different stages of life, a biological development process from growing up and ageing. The construction of childhood, firstly we must look at the society that we live in and equally important the cultural background we come from. These factors help shape and construct childhood, some good and some bad. Child Care, Social Work, Poor Laws and poverty has come a long way and has evolved into what we know today in that social policy plays a big part in the attempt to eradicate poverty. If we look back in history and to the Victorian period, it gives us some understanding of how childhood and society has changed. Care Work or Social work in this period had it roots in the Poor Law and the voluntary organizations such as the Church. The Poor Law Act of 1834 was based on the idea that people were poor through their own fault, but what the Poor Law did was to help those capable of work, and that was to help them and support them in the workhouses where conditions were
Sociological Perspectives
Sociological perspectives There are three major perspectives in sociology and this essay will discuss and analyse two of them. One being consensus and the other conflict. It will compare the two and give an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of both. It will also give an example of how sociology can be useful in a health setting. In functionalism Emile Durkheim used the comparison of society to living organisms to help people understand how a society works, in functionalism each institution can be understood by the role and function it plays in society, "given that the parts of society are interconnected and interrelated, each part will affect all the other parts and for the system to survive there will be compatibility between the parts" (Ref: Making sense of society, Marsh et all) "Durkheim suggested there to be a form of SOCIAL SOLIDARITY at the basis of every society. Durkheim argues that people's social ideas do not come from inside their heads nor from Mr. God! Rather ideas are socially created and socially inherited through the generations" (Ref: www.sociologyonline.co.uk ) Karl Marx strongly believed that there where two classes to society, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariats. The Bourgeoisie are the factory owners or the people who owned the factories and they did not take part in the means of production and the Proletariats are basically the workers,
Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war.
GCSE HISTORY-. COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT NO.1-THE IMPACT OF WAR ON BRITAIN, 1914-1918. . Describe the employment of women in Britain in 1914 at the outbreak of war. As war broke out in 1914 about 1/3 of women were in some type of paid employment. The majority of this was domestic service or secretarial work and most people accepted, there was no place for women in manual labour e.g. dock-labouring, mining or road -digging. A woman's role was very much as the homemaker. They were regarded as the weaker sex and the sex that had fewer rights than men. Decent women were expected to stay at home and rear the children of the family. They had to obey their husbands. Britain's leisure class was kept in comfort by an army of domestic servants. A large landowner with a wife, two children and a 62-roomed house n the West End required an indoor staff of 36. Some of the servants accompanied the family to its other homes - the country house, the seaside villa, the 'shooting box' in Scotland - each of which also had its own separate staff, containing many women. The working day could be a gruelling 17 hours long. The most important female servant of the household was the housekeeper, known by the title of 'Mrs', she commanded a platoon of female domestics like lady's maid, housemaids, kitchen maids and the scullion who washed the dishes. Upper class women were not expected to work.
What Is Politics And Why Is Power Difficult To Define?
What Is Politics And Why Is Power Difficult To Define? To understand Politics, we need to understand three other terms, society, government and authority, as all three are what politics revolves around. Politics is society; Society is a community and everything the community involves, culture, religion and things such as social class. Society is organised by politics. Politics in a society deal with disagreements or conflicts. Within a society, there will always be different groups with different opinions, something is needed to make sure these groups, are able to co-exist, this is politics. Politics is needed to decide who in a society should hold authority over the other people in a society, the allocation of authority. Authority itself however is complicated as it has more than one area of meaning. Authority can actually be three different things within society; Max Weber a German sociologist defines these 3 meanings. Weber divided authority into traditional authority, charismatic authority and rational-legal authority. An example of traditional authority would be the English Monarchy. This is self explanatory, as it is traditional that the Monarchy holds some sort of authority. An example of charismatic authority would be a character such as Jesus Christ; he was not given any authority via politics nor was he born with any, such as a monarch. He gained his Authority
With reference to female sexuality, evaluate to which a Foucauldian analysis enables a full discussion and analysis.
With reference to female sexuality, evaluate to which a Foucauldian analysis enables a full discussion and analysis. Sociologists are mostly concerned with the formation of knowledge about the treatment of disease, rather than the illness itself. They focus on how different states of health are caused by interactions within society between a variety of different groups, for example, class, gender and/or ethnicity. Sociologists suggest that disease is understood, treated and experienced differently within each of these sub-groups of society because it is a product of social organisation rather than nature. Knowledge of health and illness is created in a political, social and cultural environment, and as with much social phenomenon, is both culturally and historically specific (White 2002). "in contemporary western societies it is common place for the versions of natural events provided by science to be given greater credence than those offered by religion, magic or superstition. However, this has certainly not always been the case, and is not true of all cultures in the world" (Burr 2001 p63) Sociologists tend to reject the medical model that disease is a biological event but examine the social function of health and illness. These more medical explanations tend to ignore the shaping and distribution of not just the origins of disease but of varying health services too.
Diversity - Gender and education Factors such as ethnicity, economic status and gender can affect educational outcomes
Factors such as ethnicity, economic status and gender can affect educational outcomes (Hughes, 1991). The 1944 Education Act promotes equality for children in school. In spite of this, it has been suggested that girls persistently tend to have different educational outcomes from boys (Hughes, 1991). There are many complex explanations linked not only to the educational process throughout history but additionally to social influence. The way in which children create their gender roles has an impact on the way they identify themselves and others. Stereotyping can impact on the way practitioners view children and can lead to discriminatory practice. It is vital to consider the hidden curriculum for unintentional signs of discrimination. Knowledge of legislation and initiatives that protect children's rights to an education irrespective of difference is of significance. As is the ways in which practitioners can promote equality. Through the use of key texts and the theories of experts it is possible to comprehend the impact that gender can have on learning and development. In the nineteenth century characteristics such as class, race and gender were detrimental factors which decided the form of education a child received. Hughes (1991) suggests this is due to the educator's role being to ensure each individual would be equipped to fulfil their predetermined role. Early attempts
The God of Small Things - Making reference to Chapter 2 of the text, discuss how caste has impacts the lives of Roy's protagonists.
Tio Meng Samantha (19) 03A07 Literature: The God of Small Things Making reference to Chapter 2 of the text, discuss how caste has impacts the lives of Roy's protagonists. The system of caste in India is a bond of union, but splits up the society into sections. It revolves around the society's idea of what's "clean" and "pure". It exists not only in the form of Touchability and Untouchability but also gender difference and marital status. In Kerala, the setting for The God of Small Things, the caste system is deep-rooted; it has been made rigid by time and proliferated by the colonial rule. As a result, inevitably, the caste system greatly impacts the lives of the leading characters in the novel: Estha and Rahel, Ammu and Velutha. In my essay, I am going to explore the nature of the caste system and whom it affects. The revulsion of Untouchability is so inherent in the post-colonial society that even with the coming of the British, the untouchables in general were not only unable "to escape the scourge Untouchability". As Christians, "They were made to have separate churches, with separate services, and separate priests" and it was considered "a special favour (that) they were given their own separate Pariah Bishop." Further more, "After Independence they found they were not enititled to any Government benefits like job reservations or bank loans at low interest rates,
Social Exclusion
Social Exclusion Introduction The task at hand, is to define and discuss various types of poverty, social exclusion, oppression and social policy, whilst indicating an understanding of sociological theories and the impact of social policy on society. In completing this assignment I hope to show that I have assimilated some knowledge through reading, research, and the college sequences so far. I will breakdown the assignment into its constituent parts, and discuss each part under a clear heading. Throughout the essay I will endeavour to show an awareness of sensitive issues, anti-discriminatory practice, and how this affects the delivery of social work services. Defining Poverty Poverty has been with us for hundreds of years, and research into this subject dates back to the earliest day of sociology. Poverty may be described as some individuals, and or groups who are disadvantaged in comparison to others, and that the poor do not have enough to sustain a decent standard of living. Does this really define poverty? What is meant by 'decent' standard of living? Poverty can mean having a 'shortage of the necessities of life'. This comes under the concept of 'need'. Equally, it can mean being unable to secure all the 'benefits of civilisation', which would come under the concept of 'social need' (1) Townsend (1979) discusses at length the concept of poverty and deprivation, and
