The Rate Of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate And Hydrochloric Acid At Different Concentrations

The Rate Of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate And Hydrochloric Acid At Different Concentrations Plan I intend to investigate the reaction time between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate at different concentrations. Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + Sulphur Thiosulphate Acid Chloride Dioxide Na S O + HCl NaCl + H O + SO The experiments will be done under safe conditions, these are: I will be wearing goggles because chemicals are being used: all windows and doors will be open because sulphur dioxide is being produced. All stools and bags will be under the desks. I will get the chemicals one at a time for safety reasons. The apparatus I will be using are: 10cm measuring cylinder, 25cm measuring cylinder, 100cm measuring cylinder, 250cm conical flask, stop clock, Sodium Thiosulphate, Hydrochloric Acid, Water and a Piece of Paper. I will measure 40cm of water using the 100cm measuring cylinder and 10cm of sodium thiosulphate using the 10cm measuring cylinder. I will put them into the 250cm conical flask. I will add 5cm hydrochloric acid using the 10cm measuring cylinder to the solution. I will do the same for the 20cm sodium

  • Word count: 821
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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The 1916 Easter Uprising

The 1916 Easter Uprising in Dublin, Ireland would spark the support for an independent Ireland. Until the execution of the leaders of the Uprising, there were three divisions of nationalism found within Ireland. The divisions in nationalism were broken down into the Revolutionary and Romantic forms that were represented by the Easter Uprising and the third was Constitutional Nationalism that had the strongest support in Ireland during that time.i1 The aftermath of the Uprising caused the shift of support to the Revolutionary and Romantic forms of nationalism. Several things occurred after the Uprising, which created the shift of support away from Constitutional Nationalism. The main reason had been created by the British's way of coping with the Uprising, which lead to the creation of martyrs, symbols, heroes, and rhetoric that are needed to create a unified national movement. It is important to define what nationalism is and the three different forms of nationalism in order to understand the different perspectives of the solutions to unifying Ireland. "...- at the end of the eighteenth century- nationalism became associated with democratic theory of the proper relationship between the state and the nation."ii2 Therefore the nineteenth century nationalism was the belief in the 'right of national self-determination'.iii3 "Constitutional Nationalism refers to the

  • Word count: 1311
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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Find out what effects the change in energy in a chemical reaction.

Exothermic and Endothermic coursework Aim To find out what effects the change in energy in a chemical reaction. Identifying Variables . Concentration 2. Mass/length of solid 3. Catalyst 4. Volume of liquid Hypothesis The variable I've chosen to study is the length of solid. The reaction I'm using is magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid. I think the temperature would increase if the length of ribbon is longer. It would increase because energy is given out when the reaction is taking place. The energy is from new bond being made. The heat exits the reactants. The magnesium bonds breaks as it reacts with the hydrochloric acid. The particles the join the hydrochloric acid's particles to make a new substances- magnesium chloride. The new formula is Mg + HCL --> MgCl + H2 Preliminary Evidence 4 cm ribbon 8 cm ribbon Start 9 9 Finnish 29 32 The preliminary evidence experiment shows that the temperature increases which makes it an exothermic reaction. This may be because the bonds produced are closer than the bonds being broken. Fair test ideas To make the experiments fair I would need to keep the volume of hydrochloric acid the same and the same concentration. The only thing wouldn't change is the variable I have chosen to study which is the length of magnesium ribbon. To make the results more accurate and fair I could repeat the experiments several

  • Word count: 694
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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To investigate the factors that affects the rate of reaction.

To investigate the factors that affects the rate of reaction Improving your scientific knowledge I am hoping that this experiment will increase my knowledge of many things to do with reaction. I should learn things like what affects the rate of reaction and how they can be changed depending on the variables. This extra knowledge will help me in many other areas of chemistry and hopefully be able to write up a detailed investigation for every other investigation I do. The key factors There are many key factors which can alter the results in my experiment. These are called the altered variables. The factors which I will keep the same throughout the experiment are the fixed variables. The first altered variable could be the temperature of the liquids. The temperature can greatly affect the rate of reaction. An example of this is when water is heated it speeds up the boiling of the water into gas. I can also alter the volume of each liquid, which could either greatly increase the rate of reaction or do the opposite and slow it down. An example of this is from my preliminary experiment, when I increased the volume of the sodium thiosulphate it took longer to react with the hydrochloric acid. The amount of water could slow down the reaction because it could make the concentration of the acid weaker and therefore it will take longer to react with the sodium thiosulphate. The

  • Word count: 1175
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Examine the arguments, which can be used to discredit belief in miracles - In what respect do you consider belief in miracles to be strong in spite of these criticisms.

Religious Studies - Philosophy Miracles Identify one philosopher and examine his/her understanding of the term miracle (6 marks) Examine the arguments, which can be used to discredit belief in miracles. In what respect do you consider belief in miracles to be strong in spite of these criticisms (14 marks) The topic of miracles and their existence is a controversial one due to the lack of proof of their existence and a recognised definition. Philosophers have long debated miracles, their occurrence and the necessary boundaries that should universally define events worthy of being deemed a miracle. Views upon the subject of miracles are widely varied due to diversity in religious beliefs, both theists and atheists deliberating over their existence. The problem with the assortment of perspectives is that where one group claim that God is responsible for the occurrence of a miracle, another group discard this explanation. Similarly, there is a combination of beliefs on how to define a miracle, as some people would perceive the sun stopping in the sky as a miracle, whereas others claim that the birth of child is 'miraculous'. One of the most influential theologians involved in the determination of miracles and their existence in the world today, was St. Thomas Aquinas. For centuries, scholars and philosophers have deliberated not only over the existence of miracles, but

  • Word count: 2652
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics)
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Great Expectations - Overview

Great Expectations Dickens uses his highly skilled writing abilities to provide a suitable atmosphere for the activities the characters are taking place in. Dickens uses the graveyard to portray the criminality. This background with the associations of death links very well with the criminality theme. Pip is the graveyard visiting his family's graves, having serious thoughts in a serious place. Dickens uses graveyard associations like darkness and mist to put across that pip is alone and in danger. The marshes are desolate, empty and dark, showing Pip is in danger being there alone. On the marshes there is a gibbet and a beacon. These stand for the two types of people 'good' and 'bad'. The beacon is there to show sailors the way home, the light is there to save them from death. While the gibbet is for the people who aren't being saved but killed because of their criminal activities, there is no light to save them from death. Off the coast of the marshes lie the hulks where criminals are taken, they are away from town and society. All these show Dickens's ideas about the way society act towards criminals in Victorian times. Criminals were not allowed to stay in the town so they were sent out onto the hulks and hung on the marsh's, so not to be associated with the good people who live in the town. Criminals were pushed out of society because they were thought to be 'the

  • Word count: 853
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
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A Midsummer Night's Dream - an example of a Shakespearian comedy

A Midsummer Night's Dream Gail Oliver 2N1 William Shakespeare has written many plays, ranging from tragedies to comedies. A Midsummer Night's Dream is an example of a comedy. A comedy is a play that has a humorous storyline. When a play builds up to its climax, it ends in a happy note. 'Climax' comes from the Greek word 'Ladder'. At the beginning of the play, the main characters are introduced to the audience and everything is in natural harmony. But after a while things start to go wrong in the magical world, causing confusion and nature to go out of balance. In this play, there are issues where the magical world becomes chaotic causing a loss of order and harmony. Shakespeare writes of various themes, like love and loyalty. The love he writes of in this play is Parental love, Female verses male and the love that seems most important in this play, Marital love. This love contrasts with real love. He also writes about order and disorder, which is usually linked to nature. The appearance and reality of the magical world, and the Kingship is linked towards Theseus, for he is a very fair ruler. Theseus contrasts with Oberon because in the play, Oberon abuses his power over the magical world. During the play, Shakespeare uses contrast to show the different qualities, which the people and places have. The real world of Athens and the magical

  • Word count: 1560
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
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Freezing Point Depression

Level 1 Pharmacy Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy 315PMY105 Name: Catherine Magee Student number: 13324063 Practical: 3 - Freezing Point Depression Aims • Demonstration of the effect of solutes used in aqueous formulations on the freezing point of water. • Application of the knowledge of the depression of freezing point to the determination of the molecular weight of an unknown sample. Learning Objectives • Development of the laboratory skills related to weighing samples, making solutions and measuring freezing point depression values • To increase the understanding of the colligative properties of electrolytes and non-electrolytes • Development of computer skills in excel. Introduction Depression of freezing point is one of the colligative properties easiest to measure (others are vapour pressure, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure). Colligative properties depend on the number of particles present in a solution. The equation for depression of freezing point is as follows: T = Kf i m Where: Kf = molal freezing point depression constant (1.86°C/m for water) m = the molality of the solution (moles of solute/kg solvent) i = the number of particles produced per formula unit Because colligative properties depend on the number of particles in solution, a one molal solution of an electrolyte (NaCl) which dissociates

  • Word count: 2435
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Science
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Treatment of the hildren in Dickens' novels

How has the treatment of Victorian children by Adults been portrayed by Charles Dickens in his novels? Charles Dickens was born on 8th of February 1812 in Landport, Portsmouth, England. He experienced a bad childhood as from the age of twelve he worked in a run-down factory and disliked it very much. The hardships of children are a big theme in some of his novels and this is due to his experiences working in the factory. Charles Dickens has been the author of some of the most famous titles every written, including A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist. David Copperfield was written by Charles Dickens and was published in 1850. The novel is based loosely on Dickens's life as he too was put to work at a young age. The story is narrated in the first person view, with Charles Dickens as David. The story focuses on David Copperfield, a young boy whose family is dying around him and his mother who has just remarried. His mother, Clara, is being victimised by Edward Murdstone, her husband and his sister, Jane Murdstone, who has just moved in with David and Clara as housekeeper. Throughout the novel, David is treated very poorly and with little value by the adults around him. The view of Children at the time was that they should be seen and not heard, and this attitude is very evident in the text. David is abused physically and mentally by Mr. Murdstone and his sister, while his

  • Word count: 909
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: English
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The two sources are extracts that address the issue of the Reichstag Fire that occurred in the night of the 27th February 1933.

The two sources are extracts that address the issue of the Reichstag Fire that occurred in the night of the 27th February 1933. Source A is an extract from a book "Germany 1919-45" by M. Collier and P. Pedley, it says that the Nazis gained from the Reichstag fire, and moved to make sure it benefited them as much as possible, and seems to suggest that the Nazis moves were reactions to the fire. Source B by Frank Mc Donough, an extract from "Hitler and Nazi Germany" also tells us that Hitler used the event to achieve the downfall of the communist party, but implies that premeditation was involved, as it depicts Hitler in control of the aftermaths of the event. We do not know who was responsible for the Reichstag fire even today. At this time, Hitler was Chancellor of Germany, having being appointed so on the 31st January 1933, and this appointment had calmed the storm that was brewing in the party at Hitler's refusal to accept vice-chancellor in a Von Papen government in November the previous year. So resistance to the Nazi party came from within the party itself, with Rohm, as head of the SA demanding that the SA take the place of the old Wehrmarcht. At this time, Hitler's speeches were sporadic in their anti-Semitic content; also, many people now took the Nazi party seriously, with its leader being chancellor of Germany and it being the largest party in the Reichstag. The

  • Word count: 1470
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: History
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