Trobrianders Chapter 5

CHAPTER 5: MARRIAGE AND THE POLITICS OF YAMS Social Organization AUTHORITY AND THE EXERCISE OF POWER POWER * Every generation, one man who is the head of the matrilineage controls the land in which they live, until his death, as his younger brother takes his place, followed by his youngest sister's oldest son. * The wife has the right to make certain decisions regarding marriage, if she wants to divorce her husband; she is allowed to do so. * Chiefdom is important to the Trobrianders, and it is usually only the chiefs who practice polygyny, while other clan members practice monogamy * A man can become politically significant in Trobriand society if he: - has support from wife's relatives; thus demonstrating the important role of the wife's family - has a large yam production STATUS * The largest yams were painted with white and black paint, reserved for the chief's wife * Relationship of gardener and the owner's husband is evident through yam production, exchange and how the gardener is repaid * Social status is dependant on the exchange of yams because the yam house is reflective of one's position in society FORMAL AND INFORMAL POLITICAL SYSTEMS What marks the beginning of a marriage? * When the marriage between two individuals is announced, the wife's parents bring cooked yams, followed by a large presentation of raw

  • Word count: 1239
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Tradition or outdated habit

Tradition or outdated habit Is uniform a good tradition or an outdated habit? Does school allows us to explore the ideas, do they let there students to wear what they like, or impose a uniform? Some students are complaining about the school uniform, they are saying that the school uniforms are not comfortable, they should be able to express themselves not wanted to be look alike, we don't all want to grow up like sheep just following the leader and student wants the uniform should be banned from the school. "The teacher always said wearing uniform is a good thing because it makes you look smarter, it represents the school" but sometime the students are not always wearing as what the school want us to, sometime students have they shirts hanging out or maybe not having they ties look nice as they were scruffy so that would make other people think this school is bad and the students are bad attitude. Students does judge other students because of the wealth and maybe because of they fashion so that the Uniform does not stop other being judged on how they look, no matter what you dress students in; they will always find a way to judgment, they could judge you because of social class. If one avoids buying name brand clothing, clothes can be relatively affordable, they don't need to have to buy designer labels, no needs to pay lots of money just because of what other thinks;

  • Word count: 603
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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The Aborigines until 200 years ago lived in the same way that the ancient societies of the world would have lived 4000 years ago. This is why I think they are an example of prehistoric society.

PROLOGUE The Aborigines until 200 years ago lived in the same way that the ancient societies of the world would have lived 4000 years ago. This is why I think they are an example of prehistoric society. WAY OF LIFE From the time Aborigines first arrived in Australia until Europeans arrived slightly over 200 years ago, the Aboriginal way of life centered on hunting and gathering practices Many Aborigines have maintained at least some aspects of their way of life as it was before Europeans arrived, but others have lost most of their cultural heritage. Within specific environmental regions, Aborigines developed characteristic methods of obtaining and preparing foods and medicines, and they made different kinds of tools, clothing, and shelter. Thus the Aboriginal economy varied from region to region. Aborigines also created extensive networks of trade. Aborigines generally enjoyed a mixed and abundant diet of plant and animal foods that varied according to time of year and local environmental conditions. They understood the beneficial nutritional and medicinal properties of the natural resources in their surroundings, and, when necessary, developed methods of extracting beneficial substances and eliminating harmful ones. For example, northern Aboriginal groups learned to extract poison from the seeds of cycad plants. The people ground these seeds into flour, from which they

  • Word count: 993
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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I have read the Social Organization of Masculinity, written by Connell, R.W, and the Pigskin, Patriarchy, and Pain, written by Don Sabo in my American Studies class. After reading both articles, I think they are both talking in the same topics that are th

Bao Vo AMS 100 04/11/2012 What is our society look like in term of difference and power between the male and female? Are there any changes in the 21st century in our society? I have read the Social Organization of Masculinity, written by Connell, R.W, and the Pigskin, Patriarchy, and Pain, written by Don Sabo in my American Studies class. After reading both articles, I think they are both talking in the same topics that are the masculinity and patriarchy ideal. The Social Organization of Masculinity is the great chapter that is written by R.W. Connell. In this chapter, Connell tries to define masculinity. The author argues that the masculinity term is borrowed from the European, and it is related to novel concept. He mentions four strategies including the essentialist strategy, the positivistic, the normative, and semiotic to recognize masculinity. However, he uses the complex symbolic system instead of using these four strategies. Connell connects the masculinity back to the gender as social constructing. He states, "Gender is manner in which social practices are organize." (Connell) He describes gender as the active manner that changes through out history. From that, he argues about the patriarchy, in which men will control the financial, political and symbolic gain most of the time. Therefore, the combination between the patriarchy and masculinity idea gives male more

  • Word count: 998
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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To what extent do individuals script their own lives and to what extent are their lives scripted by social forces?

To what extent do individuals script their own lives and to what extent are their lives scripted by social forces? An examination of the '28up' character, Bruce Balden and my Uncle Sanjay Chopra, upholds the notion that individuals have the ability to script their own life. Having said that individuals are profoundly affected by the ideologies and beliefs that are established during the early periods of socialization. The family is a principle agent of socialization and is responsible for directly and indirectly instilling an individual's ideology and beliefs. Prominent sociologists, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, argue that individuals are born into an objective social structure, a network of relationships existing before birth and people who are responsible for us, such as our parents are responsible for our socialization. Primary socialization is essential for the development of a child's speech, basic health and hygiene, eating habits, beliefs, and a prescribed set of core family values. From the family, individuals gain a social class, the importance of the family and culture. Quite often, a child's family structure has an effect over the level of importance that is given to the bond of marriage and the establishment of a family. This therefore is influential over the individuals' life script in terms of the development of their own family. Children who are

  • Word count: 896
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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What has made Cannibalism exist for such a long time?

What makes Cannibalism exist for such a long time? Tingjun Ye(Kevin) Cannibalism was widespread in the past among human-beings in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some sporadic South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of equatorial Africa. In a few cases in island Melanesia, native flesh-markets are still existed.(Bruce M. Knauft, 1999) "Fiji used to be known as the 'Cannibal Isles'. Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo to Maori New Zealand. Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism, and they may have been eaten by modern humans." (Gibbons, 1997) The practice of human cannibalism is highly variable and can be defined in a number of ways: (1) Endocannibalism is the consumption of deceased individuals who live within the group, such as relative and friends. (This costume was common in New Guinea as an act of worship.) (2) Exocannibalism is the consumption of outsiders as an act to gain strength or corroborate power over the vanquished, who had usually been murdered. (3) Starvation or survival cannibalism is the consumption during real or perceived starvation. (4) Gastronomic cannibalism is nonfunerary, nonstarvation cannibalism which is a routine cannibalism for food. (5) Medicinal cannibalism is the consumption of human organs such as blood, bone, or dried

  • Word count: 2117
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Family Life in India, The Nuclear Family and the Effects of Divorce on Children.

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY FAMILY LIFE IN 21st CENTURY RUBAB NALLWALA S.Y.B.A DIV: B ROLL NO. – 176 SEMESTER - III ________________ family life in 21stcentury EVOLUTION OF FAMILY SYSTEM IN INDIA A family is “a group of two or more people who reside together and who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption” A perusal of varied literature on Indian society and culture, particularly generated by Ethnographers, Historians, Christian missionaries and subsequently by Anthropologists and Sociologists, suggests that the twentieth century recorded certain changes of far reaching importance in the family system under the influence of westernization, industrialization, modernization and greater population mobility across the sub-continent. Since time immemorial the joint family has been one of the salient features of the Indian society. But the twentieth century brought enormous changes in the family system. Changes in the traditional family system have been so enormous that it is steadily on the wane from the urban scene. There is absolutely no chance of reversal of this trend. In villages the size of joint family has been substantially reduced or is found in its fragmented form. Some have split into several nuclear families, while others have taken the form of extended or stem families. Extended family is in fact a transitory phase

  • Word count: 2722
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Mitigating People Wildlife Conflict. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is also fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the Sumatran tiger and the Asian lion,

EVE PROJECT - 2 MITIGATING PEOPLE WILDLIFE CONFLICT INTRODUCTION How would you react to an elephant in your backyard or a bear in your garden?As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food. From baboons in Namibia attacking young cattle, to greater one-horned rhinos in Nepal destroying crops, to orang-utans in oil palm plantations, to European bears and wolves killing livestock - the problem is universal, affects rich and poor, and is bad news for all concerned. The impacts are often huge. People lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes their lives. The animals, many of which are already threatened or endangered, are often killed in retaliation or to 'prevent' future conflicts. Human-wildlife conflict is a major issue in conservation. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is also fast becoming a critical threat to the survival of many globally endangered species, in particular to large and rare mammals such as the Sumatran tiger and the Asian lion, but also to less endangered species such as the snow leopard and the Red colobus monkey. The numerous cases from countries all over the world demonstrate the severity of human-wildlife conflict and suggest that an in depth analysis is essential to understand the problem and support the conservation prospects of threatened and

  • Word count: 6074
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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The Multicivilizational World: Reaffirmation of Cultural Identities

The Multicivilizational World: Reaffirmation of Cultural Identities Historical accounts and contemporary events underscore that either as individuals or in groups, people are continually on the move. Individuals' movements between countries may be voluntary or forced, sojourns may last 1 week or a lifetime, and rationale may be economic, political, or pleasure seeking. The outcomes may influence present or future careers, marriage partners, relationships with extended families, and leisure pursuits. Regardless of outcome, all who participate in cultural transitions are subject to a dizzying array of experiences collectively labeled as culture shock, adjustment, cross-cultural adaptation, or acculturation. Although these concepts are used frequently, they differ both structurally and temporally face the transition process. Very important question I try to answer is what is cultural identity? Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. This is like the trade mark for one nation. The cultural identity is one of the less breakable things in term of history lasting of a nation. You can conquer land or country, you can put your laws and regulations in there, but you can not change or make disappear the culture situated on that place. If we look back in history we can see, that

  • Word count: 548
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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I will argue that Canada should continue to develop some regulations to protect its cultural industries. It is extremely important for a nation to promote and preserve its own culture

The history of Canada In Canadian history it is quite evident we are influenced heavily by the much stronger nations around us. Therefore our own content in Canada is sometimes overshadowed by other cultures, specifically with regards to the United States who have a big influence on our cultural industries. Pierre Trudeau expressed the feeling Canadians have with this co-existence, "Living next to you is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly or temperate the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt." Some may argue that Canada should not continue to develop regulations to protect its cultural industries. However, I will argue that Canada should continue to develop some regulations to protect its cultural industries. It is extremely important for a nation to promote and preserve its own culture because if we don’t preserve our culture now the people of Canada won’t have a sense of nationalism or won’t feel like they belong to something. Cultures important in a country because it helps to bring a nation together because it gives something to people in a country to relate to. We need it especially in Canada because of Canada’s relative population to the rest of the world we are an easy target for cultural penetration from foreign countries. There have been countless rules and regulations imposed on everything, from issues such as

  • Word count: 1964
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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