Discuss the relationship between poverty and fertility rates.

Halar Shahani Discuss the relationship between poverty and fertility rates. (10marks) Poverty has been rapidly increasing with the growing population with more than three billion living on less than two dollars day, along with extreme shortages of food and water. Whilst in many areas of the world the population is booming rapidly. A casual link can be seen between these two factors. Initially, countries with high fertility rates seem to be mainly in areas of developing countries and areas that are experiencing high levels of poverty such as several regions in sub Saharan Africa. Poverty is proving to be a quiet a driving factor for the high fertility rates. Regions in sub-Saharan area are experiencing extreme poverty which pushes the population to have more children, mainly because most of the population is dependent on agriculture and primary basked work hence a need for a working hand is needed to help support the family in the daily work and earn enough for living and survival. Moreover, many of regions such as Sierra Leone that are experiencing high levels of poverty with things such as chronic hunger, lack of access to clean drinking water and other social factors that deplete the quality of living. These then contribute to factors such as lack of proper sanitation and maternal care available at hospitals further contributing to new born to be more prone to diseases

  • Word count: 746
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Social Values reflected in the film American Beauty

________________ Question: With reference to American Beauty, discuss how the values of the time and place or production are identified and understood by the audience. ________________ Note- HOW THEY ARE UNDERSTOOD BY THE AUDIENCE. The dominant value of the time in the USA held towards homosexuality was one of acceptance and that it is clearly a normal way to live your life. This is clearly reinforced in the text, American Beauty, where the audience are presented with a respected and loving couple, ‘The Jims.’ Given the events of the time, Clinton’s push for gay rights through government, public outcry over a gay bashing of a student and sitcom Will and Grace with gay lead being released, the values of American people of the production pin the 1990’s are clearly reflected in the film. This is further enhanced through the portrayal of anti gay (yet closet-gay himself) Colonel Frank Fitts. His representation, cast in expressive negative light, for example shadows cast upon his face, and through his association with Nazi memorabilia, the audience can easily force judgement and not side or agree with this character’s values- further endorsing the values of the production period towards homosexuality. Likewise the values towards materialism in society is clearly supported in the film, presenting the dominant value that material wealth can be soul destroying. Post

  • Word count: 860
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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How do Biblical teachings affect Christians behavior and attitudes?

CANDIDATE NUMBER: 3253-011 Introduction More than nine out of ten Americans own at least one Bible, and 86% call themselves Christians.[1] All world religions have sacred scriptures. These scriptures state that the world and the universe were created, and that the universe has a purpose. Most Christians, regardless of denomination, regularly use the Holy Bible for prayer, worship and meditation, inspiration, encouragement, guidance, comfort, or to bring them closer to God. They can use the Bible to look for principles to help them make decisions about certain moral and social concerns; such as abortion, prejudice, poverty, and war. Christians are taught to live their lives as the Bible instructs and guides them to. According to the Bible, God should be an active influence on their lives. To Christians, the Bible is important because it is considered holy and sacred; “The Holy Bible is the divinely inspired record of God’s revelation of Himself to man. It is a perfect treasure of divine instruction. It has God for its author, salvation for its end, and truth, without any mixture of error, for its content” [2] Each Christian denomination has their own unique interpretation of the Bible. These interpretations shape their teachings about the “proper” way to approach morals, values, and daily living. This paper will explore how Christianity, and different

  • Word count: 4394
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Pramoedya Ananta Toers 1981 "This Earth of Mankind" regards the unjust colonial rule of the Dutch East Indies through the segregation of social groups between the Dutch aristocrats, Mixed Bloods, and Natives.

Suriawinata How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? IB HL2 Language & Literature Mr. Bilenky P5 Jesseril Suriawinata Jakarta International School November 13, 2013 ________________ Outline Chosen Text: This Earth of Mankind by Pramoedya Ananta Toer Part of Course: Part 3 Texts and Context Written Task 2 Question: Power and Privilege – How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? My critical response will include: The Natives’ inferior role—exemplified by Nyai Ontonorosoh—during Dutch colonization to underlie the unjust treatment, which suggests the author’s ideal to adopt Western influences whilst maintain the integrity of Indonesian tradition. * Natives’ lack of Western education * Natives’ tolerance to human trafficking * Natives’ victimization in the justice system ________________ Written during the climax of Indonesian ignominy, Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s 1981 This Earth of Mankind regards the unjust colonial rule of the Dutch East Indies through the segregation of social groups between the Dutch aristocrats, Mixed Bloods, and Natives. Toer’s commentary on the Natives’ role during Dutch colonization is portrayed as a metaphor through Nyai Ontorosoh’s experiences: her acceptance of European education, tolerance of promiscuous practices, and victimization in the corrupt law and justice system.

  • Word count: 1160
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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Discuss Free Speech in China Compared to the UK

Freedom of speech is defined as, “the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government”, and Article 35 of the Chinese constitution promises the right to "freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession and of demonstration." (China.org, 1982) I am going to explore this question focusing solely on how governmental censorship of the internet and media limits free speech for people in China today, and the impact that this has. Although there are many other aspects of this broad topic, namely Tibetan protests, I cannot explore them all in such a short discussion. I will then analyze freedom of speech comparatively to the United Kingdom, and show that although freedom of speech is welcomed there are still restrictions, as there are in any country, and the ramifications are frequently negative. I will argue how I believe that the degree of freedom of speech for people in China is dependent on their demographic and job. I will also argue how restricting freedom of speech is not necessarily a sinister objective. Therefore, although there are limits on freedom of speech for people in China today, these limitations are only felt by particular segments of society at a time, and have been shown to have positive consequences comparatively. To begin, there are over 1 billion people in China, 384 million of whom were

  • Word count: 3582
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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The prevalence of memes in Indian Culture

The prevalence of mimes in Indian Culture WHEN I CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF MIMES THIS WASN’T I HAD IN MIND Before reading Richard Dawkins analogy between genes and memes I was of the opinion that a meme is nothing but a myth or a superstition that has existed in a particular culture. But a detailed research of this chapter impels me to think of the evolution of this meme. Through this discussion I want to make a claim that a meme also represents a kind of evolution. Since time immemorial the concept of the term “churel” has existed in India, not through a manuscript but in an oral tradition. Dawkins is right when he says that language is the main fuel that propels meme in a culture. The rate of the rise of a language is far higher than the rate of genetic evolution. Another important fact that we come to know is that language grows through non-genetic means1. Dawkins gives the example of birds2 that showed evolution not by genes but by language. Dawkins speaks of the mutability of genes. The genes that a child has today may become halved soon, and at one point of time the resemblance might as well vanish. But it is not the case with memes. The meme of a churel today in India has not lost its hold on people. In different parts of India churel is known by different names. It shows the evolution of the meme in as scientific a manner as the genetic evolution. In east

  • Word count: 1642
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Anthropology
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