Effect of concentration on Nacl solution

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Table of Contents

Introduction        

Basic idea        

Properties of salt solutions, which influence their electric conductance:        

Hypothesis        

Variables:        

Plan for experiment        

Materials:        

Experimental set-up Diagram        

Steps of the experiment:        

Safety precautions        

Solutions preparation        

Measuring the conductivity / amount of electricity created        

Making observations:        

Cleanup:        

Data and Observations        

Conclusion        

Evaluation:        

Fair testing:        

Follow up Experiment:        

References        

Introduction

Basic idea

In this assignment we will be focusing on one property, which influences the electrical conductance of an ionic solution. Compounds can be held by a covalent or ionic bond, which depends on the nature of the bonds. In case of ionic compounds (we also call them electrolytes), the force of attraction is present between the ions, which have opposite charge. One of the ions has a positive charge, which is called a cation, and the other has a negative charge, which is called an anion.  This attraction is called an ionic bond. Ionic compounds form crystals in which anions and cations are held together with force of attraction. Ionic compounds are also known as salts mostly. They are usually hard and brittle. They are solid at room temperature and they have high melting and boiling points. They conduct electricity in solution because they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, which are free to move. These ions carry the electrical charge from the anode to the cathode.

Properties of salt solutions, which influence their electric conductance:

The temperature of the solution.

The magnitude of the charge on the ions.

The concentration of the ions in the solution.

The liquid used to dissolve the ionic substances in.

The size of the ions.

I would like to investigate that how the concentration of the ions in the solution affects the electric conductance of the solution.

Aim   Our aim is to figure out the answer of the research question through this experiment

Research question What is the relationship between the conductivity of the ionic solution and concentration of the ionic compound (electrolyte)?

Hypothesis

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the ions usually break apart and diffuse throughout the whole solution. Ions conduct electricity because they are mobile and carry charge with them. In this case, the ionic compound (NaCl) will be dissolved in water, this causes the ions (Na+ and Cl-) to diffuse in the solution and resulting in them conducting electricity. It happens because the sodium holds one excess electron and Chlorine is in need of one electron, resulting in sodium giving one electron to Chlorine when they get separated.  As a result of this, the Chlorine becomes electrically negative and the Sodium becomes positive. This is the chemical reaction which occurs-

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NaCl(s) ⎯ → ⎯ Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

When we put electrodes in the solution, the positive ions (Na) will migrate to negative electrode and negative ions (Cl) towards the positive electrode that’s how electric current will flow.

The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration of the solution. In water, it is the ions that pass electricity from one to the next. This means that the more Na+ and Cl- contained in water the more electricity is carried, and the higher the conductivity. If the solution of water and NaCl is more concentrated (NaCl in large amount), ...

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