Limiting Reagent Lab. Purpose To determine which compound was the limiting reagent in a reaction between lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide (referred from the lab sheet) To determine the theoretical value of lead (II) iodide

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Limiting Reagent Lab

Purpose

  • To determine which compound was the limiting reagent in a reaction between lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide (referred from the lab sheet)
  • To determine the theoretical value of lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate
  • To determine the percent yield of lead (II) iodide (referred from the lab sheet)

Materials

Lead (II) nitrate, potassium iodide, distilled water, 250mL beaker, graduated cylinder, watch glass, triple beam balance, stirring rod, filter paper, funnel, laboratory oven

Method

In order to determine the limiting reagent and the theoretical and percent yield of products, the following process should be done.

  • Find a balanced equation of the chemical reaction
  • Find the limiting reagent using the molar ratio and moles of reactants
  • Find the theoretical value of a product using the molar ratio between limiting reagent and the product, mole of limiting reagent, and molar mass of the product
  • Find the percent error using the theoretical and experimental value which is gained by measuring the mass

Procedure

  • Refer to lab sheet
  • Revision: 1.1 grams of lead (II) nitrate used instead of 1.0 grams of lead (II) nitrate

Observations

1. Quantitative data


Table 1: Mass of apparatus and chemicals with apparatus

2. Qualitative data

  • Potassium iodide appeared as white crystals.
  • Lead nitrate appeared as white crystals. Shapes of each lead nitrate particles were irregular.
  • Both potassium iodide and lead nitrate dissolved in water.
  • Bright yellow precipitate was formed when solid lead nitrate was added to aqueous potassium iodide.
  • The products looked like yellow liquid from distance but small yellow particles floating in clear liquid were detectable when the solution was seen from closer distance.
  • The clear liquid was odorless like water.
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Analysis

Table 2: Mass of reactants

Table 3: Theoretical and experimental mass and percent error of products 1. Balanced chemical equation

2KI( aq ) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ⎯⎯PbI2 ( s ) + 2KNO3(aq )

It can be presumed from the chemical formula of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate that double replacement reaction would occur, which produces lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate. According to the solubility table

I is insoluble with        and

Pb2+

NO3 is soluble with all cations. Therefore it can be presumed that the yellow precipitate, solid product, is        and the liquid product is        .

PbI2KNO3(aq)


2. Limiting reagent

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