Figure 1- Sketch map of the location of Stockholm, Sweden:
To understand the extent into what imported goods has on globalisation in certain areas, one must compare what used to be traditional Swedish food to what is now considered traditional Swedish food. Before the large wave of immigration into Sweden (1970’s after WWll), traditional food was considered to be meatballs, potatoes, herring, pork, pea soup, fried pork, baked beans and hard liquor and beer as alcoholic beverages. Since the massive immigration from Italy in the 1950’s traditional food has become more exotic such as pizza, pasta, kebab, olive oil, Thai and wok. The effect of immigration into Sweden gave a bigger variety of food which will continue to get bigger due to the continuous effect of immigration and tourism.
Kista is a district of Stockholm Municipality located northwest of central Stockholm, Sweden. The reason why Kista is such an international area is due to the fact that the eastern part of the district is used for commercial ventures, where telecommunication and computer industries often take up land. Kista hosts the IT University as well which is quite popular. The population has increased by 28% since 1980. Mostly immigrants migrated to Kista, meaning a major part of the immigrants have a foreign background. Most of the community has migrated into the rest of Stockholm at this point in time. It is considered as a poorer area of Stockholm.
Östermalm is a large district in central Stockholm. With 61 928 inhabitants it is one of the most heavily populated districts in Stockholm. It is a wealthy area, having the highest housing prices in Sweden. In 1672 the eastern part became a military exercise field; however most of the people were poor at this time. In 1880 a new plan for the town was brought up to make a grid of streets and avenues which built up upon were elegant houses of 4-6 floors. The Royal Crown has been the owner over parts of the district for centuries a number of official buildings, museums and higher public educational institutions are located in Östermalm. In the 20th century a large number of embassies, including those of USA, UK, France and Germany, were located there.
Liljeholmen is a district in the south of Stockholm. In 1860 it became the first suburb outside Stockholm city limits until 1913 when it was incorporated into Stockholm. New residential areas are being built around the central square and former industrial areas as a part of several projects to enlarge the inner core of Stockholm. This area is certainly increasing population, since 1997 it has increased by 230% and it is presumed to keep growing.
Figure 2- Sketch map of the three chosen areas and where they are situated in comparison to each other:
Methods of data collection:
To test our hypothesis and prediction my group did as follows. The first step in our investigation was to pick which products we were going to look at. We chose five different categories being: canned goods, snacks/nuts, grains/beans, desserts and meat (specifically pork and lamb). Secondly we chose one supermarket which would normally be a part of a Swedish suburb being Coop Konsum which stayed as a constant throughout our investigation. The three areas in Stockholm which we decided to look into were Kista, which has a rather large amount of immigrants being a poorer part of Stockholm, Östermalm with very few immigrants and one of the richer parts of Stockholm and Liljeholmen which is in between the two. After decided on the areas and the supermarket, we had to decide on a way to classify the goods; we recorded our results by writing down the country from where it was originally produced. We thought this would be more interesting to see exactly how many products came from what country; however we still classed them under the three categories, EU and non-EU and Scandinavia. To find the different amounts of meat in the different areas we counted the different types of meat and then classified it from where it is originated since different cultures are not to eat certain meats for religious reasons. Also we had to keep in mind the statistics of departures from Stockholm and where their biggest destination is. All our findings were noted as well as any abnormalities which will be discussed in the analysis of our results.
Data presentation and processing:
The results are in forms of different types of graphs, each of which show the relationship between each Coop store in the three different areas. It should be taken into consideration that some of there stores could have had more amounts of products due to the timre of day which we visited at, or people may have already bought the goods which are obviously not added to our results.
Figure 3 – Graph showing the relationship of canned goods in the three chosen areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from.
Figure 4- Graph showing the relationship of desserts from the three chosen areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from
Figure 5- Graph showing the relationship between grains and beans from the three chosen areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from.
Figure 6- Graph showing the relationship between snacks and nuts from the three chosen areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from.
Figure 7- Graph showing the relationship between lamb from three chosen areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from.
Figure 8- Graph showing the relationship between pork from the three different areas of Stockholm and where they are coming from.
Figure 10-Chart showing where goods are coming from overall into Östermalm.
Figure 12- Chart showing where goods are coming from overall into Kista.
Figure 14- Chart showing where goods are coming from overall into Liljeholmen.
Interpretation and analysis:
The results support our hypothesis to some degree; however there are certain factors and abnormalities that need to be taken into consideration. The best way to analyze our results is to look at each graph individually to come to a conclusion of whether or not our hypothesis was correct. Secondly we need to look at the meat graphs and see if our second hypothesis was correct into believing that Kista would have more lamb due to the majority of a Muslim population and Östermalm would have more pork since it is a generally a Swedish populated areas. Lastly briefly evaluate the results seen in the charts and maps 9-14.
Starting with the category of canned goods (figure 3), which was definitively an important category since canned goods are the most convenient products to import and export. As one can see from the graph, there is a greater amount of imports coming in from EU and non EU countries than there is from inside Scandinavia. Canned goods concurs our hypothesis if one takes a closer look to the tally results from the specific countries, only 12 percent of all the canned goods came from Sweden in Kista, 24 percent in Liljeholmen and 25 percent in Östermalm. In Kista, the canned goods mainly came from Thailand and Italy, which can be explained by both aspects of globalisation, immigration after the Second World War from the Mediterranean countries. Whereas in Östermalm the majority of the cans came from Sweden and Thailand bringing in the tourism aspect, making this category a strong one for our investigation on globalisation.
The grouping of desserts (figure 4) agreed with our hypothesis; Östermalm had the most dominant results coming from Scandinavia, Kista has a greater amount of desserts coming from Scandinavia than Liljeholmen which makes sense since Liljeholmen is fairly distributed, however Kista lacked in desserts coming from outside of Scandinavia. Liljeholmen has the same amount of import from Scandinavia and EU countries however it falls drastically when it comes to non EU countries. Therefore this category does strongly support our hypothesis.
The class of grains and beans (figure 5) strongly supports our hypothesis to an extent. It is evident from the graph that Östermalm has the greatest amount coming from Scandinavia; however it hardly has any coming from non EU and EU countries. Kista has the least coming from Scandinavia however remained fairly neutral which is what we would have hoped for Liljeholmen.
The last category to support our first hypothesis was snacks and nuts (figure 6) which again did not completely comply with our hypothesis. It did for our assumptions about Kista having the most dominant non EU and EU products, however Östermalm did not have a dominant amount imported from any of the three categories (Scandinavia, EU, non EU) and Liljeholmen was not mutual. However once I took a closer look at the specific countries in which the snacks and nuts were coming from the results showed that only 12 percent of the goods were coming from Sweden in Kista, 58 percent from Östermalm and 65 percent from Liljeholmen. Therefore our results match our hypothesis perfectly with Östermalm having a high number of imports from not only Sweden but from outside of Sweden as well, Liljeholmen has almost a balance and Kista most definitively has a greater amount of imports from outside of Sweden!
Now to test our second hypothesis we had to take a look at the different types of meat. We specifically took into consideration pork and lamb since Kista has a high amount of immigrants coming from the (, , ) and former due to refugees from the war, however there are also immigrants from Africa, Asia and Latin America. This means that Kista would have a larger supply of lamb than pork since the Muslim culture is only allowed to eat lamb. Figures 7 and 8 comply with our hypothesis! There is a much larger supply of lamb in Kista and hardly any in Östermalm and Liljeholmen, whereas when you look at figure 8 it is evident that there is an excessive amount of pork in both Östermalm and Liljeholmen and very little in comparison for Kista. Therefore this category reinforced our hypothesis and is a strong point for our investigation to prove globalisation.
Lastly the results in the maps and charts, conclusions can easily be drawn. When looking at figures 9,11 and 13 it can easily be seen that the majority of the products from each of the three districts come from inside of Europe, however when classified into EU, non EU and Sweden it is more evident as to what is coming in from where. In figures 10, 12 and 14 one can see that Östermalm is most dominant in goods coming from Sweden with a bid difference to Kista where almost 60 percent came from outside of Sweden. Also Liljeholmen had a pretty fair balanced as to sharing where the imports are coming in from. This was very good into proving our hypothesis to have been correct, although the Kista Coop Konsum was much larger than the stores in Östermalm and Liljeholmen we still managed to achieve good results.
Conclusion and evaluation:
Despite abnormalities in certain categories, it can be concluded that our first hypothesis was completely agreed with since Östermalm had the greatest imports from Sweden as well as having the other 50 percent coming from abroad, Kista had most goods imported from abroad, and Liljeholmen had a balance of all sections making it fairly neutral. Our second hypothesis was very successful and supported our hypothesis as well; however experimental errors have to be discussed and improvements which can be taken into consideration for further investigations.
Firstly there were certain categories such as snacks and nuts where we as a group based our judgment upon as to what we consider this category to contain, however we discussed this with the group and came up with a certain system to avoid as much inaccuracy as possible. Secondly there were many products that did not specify where it was being produced; due to the fact that they were either transnational corporations or it just stated that it was made from inside the EU, these products were ignored. Lastly supermarkets differ in sizes and demand depending on the community in which it has to support. This brought abnormalities in our results especially for Kista since it was a much larger supermarket.
To improve this experiment we would need to visit more supermarkets in each area and not only depend on Coop Konsum supermarkets since this is a store which sells ecological goods making it more expensive. Also each store had the same products however in different quantities; therefore our hypothesis would have made a stronger point if we focused on local stores of the three chosen districts.
Despite all of the errors that raised inaccuracies, the result clearly state that areas with a high immigrant population does impact the amount of foreign goods, however areas with a low population of immigrants have a certain balance, eating a lot of their own familiar goods as well as exotic ones as well as the fairly even immigrant populated areas. The reasons behind this are due to immigration and tourism, where the immigrants want their own goods and the Swedish populations wants the exotic foods from where they have travelled. Our second hypothesis was proven to be correct due to the fact that Kista is highly populated by a Muslim community; lamb would be the dominant meat whereas in Östermalm pork would take up the greater amount of the meat section.
Bibliography:
1. Codrington, Stephen, Planet Geography, 2005
2. Dictionary.com “Globalisation”, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/globalisation, 2008
3. Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads, “Sub-district Kista”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=22603&sprak=eng, 2007
4. Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads, “Sub-district Kista”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/internet/omrfakta/tabellappl.asp?omrade=22603&appl=Tidsserier&resultat=Antal&sprak=eng, 2007
5. Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads “Sub-district Östermalm”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=sdo10&sprak=eng, 2007
6. Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads “Sub-district Liljeholmen”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=21106&sprak=eng, 2007
7. The Nation Thai Visa Forum, “Thai beaches named most favorite Asian destination for Swedish tourists”, http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/Thai-Beaches-Named-Favorite-Asian-t195710.html, 2009
8. Wikipedia, “Stockholm”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm, 26/02/09
Codrington, Stephen, Planet Geography, 2005
Dictionary.com “Globalisation”, http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/globalisation, 2008
Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads, “Sub-district Kista”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=22603&sprak=eng, 2007
Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads, “Sub-district Kista”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/internet/omrfakta/tabellappl.asp?omrade=22603&appl=Tidsserier&resultat=Antal&sprak=eng
Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads “Sub-district Östermalm ”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=sdo10&sprak=eng
Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm-Stads “Sub-district Liljeholmen ”, http://www.usk.stockholm.se/tabellverktyg/tv.aspx?projekt=omradesfakta&omrade=21106&sprak=eng
Wikipedia, “Stockholm”, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm, 26/02/09