Case study on Aral Sea
Aral Sea Introduction Aral Sea is located in the Central Asian Republics of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, with the southern section located in the Autonomous Republic of Karapakalstan. Aral Sea is a large inland sea that has no outlets. The Sea is connected to two rivers that supply the sea with water. These two rivers consist of water that is from glaciers. One river is called Amu Darya and the other Syr Darya. Amu Darya is 2,580 km long and flows northwest from the sources in the snow-capped Pamirs. The waters from this river are used for irrigation in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Syr Darya is 2,220 km long and it is also used extensively for irrigation. It is formed in the Fergana Valley by the confluence of the Naryn and Kara Darya rivers. When combining the two rivers we see that it is quite large with a combined annual flow of 111 cubic km, this is higher than the river Nile which is only 90 cubic km. The fresh water from these two rivers held the Aral's water and salt levels in perfect balance. Even though much of the water in the river is lost to evaporation, transpiration and seepage as the river flow across the desert. There is still enough water in the river to maintain the Aral Sea normal surface area. But more recently due to human intervention not enough water is entering the sea. This is because locals tried using the rivers as an economy advantage and started
"One of the major problems facing the world in this the 21st century will not be overpopulation but over consumption" How far do you agree with this statement?
"One of the major problems facing the world in this the 21st century will not be overpopulation but over consumption" How far do you agree with this statement? Introduction Over consumption = The use of resources at a rate that exceeds the ability of natural processes to replace them1. Over population = Excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration2. Over the last 100 years or so there has been over population, but it is not as grave a threat as over consumption is. The world can support a population of up to 10 billion people, the current being about 6 billion people. So over population is not such a big problem. However, the human population is using up the world's resources much faster than they can be replenished. This has caused severe depletion in many sectors, the most important being oil. Every country wants to develop so they have to find cheap modes of gaining lots of profit, which brings into play crude oil. Crude oil is an extremely cheap way of fuelling a country's economy. However the issue of over consumption is mostly related to developed nations. However some developing nations pose a serious threat to the world's resources as they become more and more developed. This is of course China. Development One of the major pessimists to date is Lester Brown, who talks about the
Geography case study. In the photo with the slum in the foreground and the CBD in the background, we can see the two faces of Mumbai city.
Geography Mumbai ) What I notice about the photographs is that there is a lot of contrast between the photos. In the photo with the slum in the foreground and the CBD in the background, we can see the two faces of Mumbai city. Most of the photos show poverty and the wealthier people. I think it shows that there is not only poverty, nor only high-rise buildings. The houses in the CBD are all apartments and are built very tall since there is less land and it is more expensive. Whereas the slum area is spread out over large areas. 2) I chose the photo that shows the slum land and the CBD. In the slums we can see the laundry business. The people that are working there have a more stable home made out of cement whereas the homes next to it are made of whatever they can find. This photo works on levels, the highest building is the richest one then the laundry buildings are on the next level and then the make shift slums. In the CBD we can see that the housing and businesses are more organized. 3) The major difference between the photos is that the photos show 3 ways of life. It shows the CDB/modern area, it is developed, clean and organized, and we can see this example in the picture with the big red bus. Then there is the middle class housing and then the slum housing. The differences are that in each of these areas the jobs are different. In the CBD it is more big
Crude oil essay. In this paper I shall talk about crude oil being a valuable resource that will soon run out.
Crude Oil Introduction Crude oil is a resource that is essential in our society. Our lives virtually run on this fossil fuel and it is hard to imagine a world without it. Though due to the fact that fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy soon this shall be the case. In this paper I shall talk about crude oil being a valuable resource that will soon run out. Formation: Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon containing natural resources found underground. These natural resources were formed by the remains of animals and plants, also known as biomass, from over 150 million years; this is when the dead sea life and animals were buried under the sea bead. Over millions of years the biomass became covered in silt, sand, mud and other various products that slowly formed into sedimentary rock. The mass of sedimentary rock enables huge pressure to be exerted onto the biomass, this factor combined with the temperature and the fact that there is little to no oxygen and there is bacteria that aids to decay the remains of the animals and plants, causes the material to become oil or other fossil fuels. There are 3 main examples of fossil fuels, Coal, natural gas and crude oil. All though they are all made in a similar manner, they all vary slightly. Coal is formed by a majority of dead land-based plant life such as trees; the dead plant life then goes through the same high
Geography Survey - Is Shuto Orizari a shanty town?
A Fieldwork question and geographical context Is Shuto orizari a shanty town ? Many residental areas in rapidly growing cities are classified as informal settlements by urbangeographers.Shuto orizari, a small residential area of Skopje is often mistaken as a shanty town by the residents of the surrounding apartments.The aim of this fieldwork is investigation is to assess to what extent this residential label is valid, by looking at general characteristics of shanty towns and seeing in they apply to Shuto orizari. Characteristics of shanty town According to ''Global change and Challenge - Geography for the 1990s''. .Illegal occupancy of land (squatting) 2.Concentration on land of low economic value(Such as river-banks) 3.Self-built housing 4.Overcrowding 5.Lack of public utilities and social services 6.Low income households. Shuto orizari is a shanty town? Sub questions inked to above definitions A Residents have built their houses themselves from available materials such as wood, corrugated iron? B The land is neither owned nor rented, it is iccupied 'illegally'? C Residents live a long
How UK is being affected by climate change
How UK is being affected by climate change? Global warming has a significant effect on the climate in UK. Four of the five warmest years for more than three centuries have occurred in the last 10 years. By the 2050s, annual temperatures in the south east of the country could be on average more than 2C warmer than they are now - 30 years later that may rise to more than 3C. Predictions by the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia put global sea level rises between 12cm and 67cm by 2050.due to increased rainfall and rising sea levels. Parts of East Anglia as well as parts of the south east could end up under water. The threat of rising sea levels is compounded by the fact that the UK is gradually tilting (not equal in height). The south east of the country is sinking while the northwest is rising. Studies of long term trends of climate change at the Climate Research Unit have found that winter precipitation (the amount of water fall in winter) could increase by more than 20% by the 2080s. By contrast, in summer, central and southern UK could be much dryer than it is now with up to 18% less rainfall by 2080s. However northern England and Scotland is likely to experience the double whammy (double consequences) of both wetter summers and wetter winters. With hotter weather, the demand for water would increase significantly as would evaporation from reservoirs
Economic growth vs the Environment
INTRODUCTION It is believed that both economic growth and environment cannot coexist peacefully i.e. in order to improve either of the two quantities, one has to be comprised upon. For example, if the environment has to be improved, then the economic growth of a nation will have to be compromised on and similarly, if economic growth of a nation has to be improved, then the environment will have to be compromised on. ECONOMIC GROWTH ENVIRONMENT . It is actually possible to keep the economy growing without damaging the environment. Rather than implementing short term measures such as spending certain amounts of money in short periods of time, working towards sustainable development and moving ahead with a diligent approach can lead to a better and economically prosperous world. 1. The earth provides us with enough resources to survive peacefully while managing a thriving economy in the long run but, the human greed for possession and fulfilling endless desires has led to this upset in the balance between the environment and economic growth. . People need to change their ways and voluntarily change their mindset in order to utilize our natural resources judicially as simply establishing new laws and guidelines wont last long if the environment has to be saved. 1. The ongoing energy crisis is a major consequence of the upset in the balance and the solution to restoring this
Referring to the one or more examples discuss whether urbanization in LEDCs has more positive than negative consequences
Referring to the one or more examples discuss whether urbanization in LEDCs has more positive than negative consequences Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Nowadays, towns try to develop in the best way they can. Development of them is connected with making better the conditions of life but also bring negative aspects. LEDCs try to introduce urbanization to their countries in every possible way. In my essay I will try analyze if urbanization in LEDCs has more positive or rather negative aspects. First of all, the reasons why less economically developed countries migrate to the city are various. What is obvious, people living in the areas which are far away from the city, usually live in a poor conditions. The process of urbanization that occurs help people in improving better conditions of their lives which example can be population migrating from small villages in India into Bombay. Well developed cities provide variety of services which are not presented in remote villages. Children have a possibility for education because of presence of schools. Thanks to their education they gain knowledge that gives them an opportunity for good job. Moreover, cities give opportunities of better salaries and it makes people maintain good conditions of life for their families. What is more, cities offer better health care system for
Hong Kong is a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor . Discuss.
Hong Kong is a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor Introduction Hong Kong, one of the richest cities in the world and famously named the shopping paradise. However, behind the lights, there are a lot of people who sleep with their stomachs empty at night and never get enough food to eat every day. Even though Hong Kong has a lot of millionaires, its poverty rate rises every year, meaning that the poverty gap between the rich and poor grows. Not surprisingly, Hong Kong has the highest Gini Coefficient in the world, which is 0.533. Gini Coefficient is commonly used to indicate income inequality in a society; it is a number, which has a value between 0 and 1, as the value rises, the higher the degree of income inequality of the society. Rich people living in Hong Kong usually get better treatment, more resources and even more opportunities. On the other hand, poor people are often discriminated against and this has a negative impact on their accessibility and treatment received in the labor market. I agree with the statement that Hong Kong is “a heaven for rich and hell for the poor”. In this essay, I will discuss what made Hong Kong “a heaven for the rich and hell for the poor”, which includes economic restructuring, unequal distribution of resources and the vicious cycle of poor people. Also, I will investigate the reasons that Hong Kong is named “A heaven
Contrast and compare the causes and effects of internal and international migration
Contrast and compare the causes and effects of internal and international migration Internal migration Internal migration is migration within a given country, such as the movement from rural areas to urban areas (mainly in MEDCs), the urbanisation. The causes for include all three types of causes, which are macro-level, meso-level and micro-level ones. Internal migration divides into voluntary internal migration, such as the moving to another working place (e.g. London to Manchester) and into the forced internal migration, such as migration forced by a natural disaster (e.g. in Japan, moving from Sendai to Tokyo because of the radioactivity). International migration International migration occurs when people cross the borders of countries to live and work in a different country. There are a lot of reasons why international migration occurs: On the one hand there is the voluntary migration, on the other hand the forced migration. The causes for voluntary international migration are split into three groups, the macro-level, the meso-level and the micro-level. The macro-level causes for voluntary international migration are for example socio-economic reasons. The meso-level causes for voluntary international migration are more detailed factors concerning the origin and the destination places. The meso-level causes also include individual choices of the migrants. The
