An investigation into the underlying factors affecting infiltration rates and their impacts in a green space in Brussels, Belgium
Extended Essay: Geography An investigation into the underlying factors affecting infiltration rates and their impacts in a green space in Brussels, Belgium Author: Thomas Moran Candidate Number: 000050-067 Subject: Geography Session: May 2008 Supervisor: Ms Maura Murphy Word Count: 3,999 Abstract The aim of this extended essay was to examine infiltration rates in a local context. The rates of infiltration of bottled water through the soil in six different areas of a Belgian park, Woluwe Park, were investigated through the use of a cylindrical tube and a hammer. Upon deciding the six chosen areas to analyse infiltration rates based on their physical characteristics and geographical theory, such as vegetation cover or infiltration capacity, the study was taken a step further by factoring in additional variables such as climate, pedology and ecology and their effects on the infiltration rate and the infiltration capacity. Lastly, the study's results made sure to approach its relevance towards urban interference and vice versa. Geographical theory was validated throughout the essay with the results as proof; however, the above variables mentioned are drawn upon as to provide a clearer explanation for anomalous data. The results indicate some possible human-ecological impacts, but my conclusion shows that there is some difficulty in measuring these interactions, impacts
Using the 2000 population census, discuss Ghanas population structure bringing out the demographic and socio-economic implication.
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS STATS & ACTUARIAL SCIENCE 3 TAY FRANCIS TENNYSON 9719806 BUSUMTWI EMMNAUEL 9700006 APPIAH EMMANUEL KWEKU 9697906 Question Using the 2000 population census, discuss Ghana's population structure bringing out the demographic and socio-economic implication. 2000 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF GHANA The 2000 Population and Housing Census (PHC) of Ghana was forth post independence Population Census in Ghana. The earlier 3 post independence censuses did not collect detailed information on housing. The 2000 Population and Housing Census was therefore the first time Ghana collected information on both population and housing. The 2000 Population and Housing Census started on midnight of 26th March 2000. 26th March 2000 was therefore the census night. The process lasted for 3 weeks. Ghana's population can be described as a stationary one since it has a moderate proportion of children and aged persons with slow growth rate. Specifically, during the 2000 Population and Housing Census, it was identified that Ghana has about 40% of its population being children under 15years and 3% above 65years meaning that majority of the population lies with 15 and 65 years. Since there are more adults in the population this would tend to raise the crude birth rate by producing
geography IB prep
Standard Level Outline the contrasting attitudes of the Malthusians and neo-Malthusians to the current food supply situation. Malthusians: • population increase • outstrip resources because food suply increase arithmetically Neo-Malthusians: • limited resources keep population growth in check and reduce economic growth To what extent is it realistic to recognise "three agricultural worlds"? Therefore that no major changes for a country occur, the three agricultural world are very stable. Still it contains some inaccuracy as it is the majority what is looked at. When considering the poor have-nots, not all people in this country are unable to produce enough food for themself. There might still be some people who might have very sufficined land for production. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Green Revolution. Advantages Disadvantages Increase of crop yields => reduce LEDCs Fertiliser is costy => price production increases Shorter growing season => more crop yields produced Middle and higher income farmers benefut nire => increase rural to urban migration Farmers income increases => purchase of machinery, better seeds, fertilisers and pesides Mechanisation has increased rural employment Local infrastructure upgraded => stronger market approach Some HYUs have an inferior taste Employment in input in industries Problem of salinisation has
Field Work Report
Thesis: Wealthy shoppers are only offered non locally produced, non recyclable items Jordana Clark Word count: 1326 SL IB Geography Mr. Mattiace Table of Contents Statement of Hypothesis and Brief Justification...page 3 Introduction to the Study Area...page 3 Methods of Data Collection...page 3 Presentation of Results...(on map attached) Analysis of Results...page 3-4 Evaluation...page 4 Reference...page 5 I. In the center of Agdal there are a number of different shops each targeting a certain social class. For instance many of the bigger shops are aimed at the wealthier shopper where as, the smaller shops are directed at less wealthy people. The aim of the field work report is to illustrate how the shops targeted at the wealthier population sell only non recyclable items. Also, most of the items with a high price are not made in Morocco. Rather, the items for the wealthy are from other countries and have been shipped to Morocco. II. At this moment in time Morocco is considered a developing nation by the standards of international nations. Morocco population in 2007 was 33,757,175, and, 36 % of people living in rural areas are living in poverty and 24% of urban dwellers are poor . However, in one of the wealthier shopping areas, Agdal, is designed to attracted the wealthier side of the population. Agdal is densely populated area surrounded by apartment
pro natalist china's population policy
Introduction: Canada has been one of the developed nations that is sustaining a low levels of fertility, which is also defined as 'population problems'. Rapid population growth in the Third World and the causes in crowding and environmental problems are still perceived, therefore people do not occupy it as the center stage of the problem in the same way as that they used to be 20 years ago. The present perceiving problems are the demographical low fertility rate. Background information on the Population: What was the problem? Canada has been facing problem with low fertility rate since 1972. This is mainly due to its inevitable concomitants of slow population growth, and population aging. The seriousness of this problem in Canada is a huge problem, because when looking at the population now, Canada will be facing a dramatic difference in its population pyramids due to the fact that there will be more people leaving the work force than entering. . The number of dependency age will plunge as well as the amount of children being produced, on the other hand, significance in the high percentage of elderly need to be carefully be considered. Although, whether the current perceptions of the population problems are accurate, Canada is nevertheless, prompting political activity to raise fertility. Causes of low fertility rate: * Canada's total fertility rate 1.54 since the early
The motorized urban sprawl brings about higher level greenhouse effect through discharges of greenhouse gases. It is obvious that compact urban development, the growth of new cities and sustained movement continue to put heavy demands on urban transport s
Introduction The urban sprawl is advancing at an accelerated speed through the global motorization. But in the meantime, the development of motorization brings about many problems which involve the ecological and social aspect. Therefore, the business groups recommend the approach of ecological modernisation to deal with these problems. This essay will analyses some possible causes of these problems and argues that the approach can not resolve these problems arise from motorized urban sprawl. The motorized urban sprawl brings about higher level greenhouse effect through discharges of greenhouse gases. It is obvious that compact urban development, the growth of new cities and sustained movement continue to put heavy demands on urban transport systems. Meanwhile, new buildings have mushroomed on the periphery of the town. Therefore, urban expansion leads to more fuel utilize in transportation and capacious homes on the metropolitan fringe. Furthermore, the mass production of vehicle led to mass suburbanization and to an urban sprawl in the 20th century (Martin, g.2007.para.5). This human activity is the main root cause of greenhouse-gas emissions. The international business organisations have attempted to combat greenhouse effect with technical innovation. They begin focus on the long period energy solutions which include cleaner fuels and alternative energy sources
Continued spending on hard engineering coastal defences cannot be justified in geomorphological, economic or environmental terms.
Coastal Hazards and Management "Continued spending on hard engineering coastal defences cannot be justified in geomorphological, economic or environmental terms." Hard Engineering: In civil engineering of shorelines, hard engineering is generally defined as the use of concrete break walls or steel sheet piling to stabilize shorelines and achieve safety.1 Soft Engineering: Soft engineering is the use of ecological principles and practices to reduce erosion and achieve the stabilization and safety of shorelines, while enhancing habitat, improving aesthetics, and saving money. Soft engineering is achieved by using vegetation and other materials to soften the land-water interface, thereby improving ecological features without compromising the engineered integrity of the shoreline.2 The two problems associated with coastal hazards are: ) Erosion and loss of land and property to the sea 2) Coastal flooding These two problems are a headache to the people living near the coastline. Many solutions have been suggested. Their property is eroded away by the sea, into which they have invested a lot of money. Along with property, normal landscape is eroded away which is quite valuable to hotel owners. The place attracts a lot of tourists thus generating a lot of profit for hotel and restaurant owners and other local businesses. This can be seen in the Estoril Coast in Portugal,
Kobe and pakistan earthquake essay
The 1995 Kobe Earthquake and The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake A huge earthquake took place in Japan at 5:46am, on January 17th 1995. The earthquake had a local magnitude of 7.2, and lasted for about 20 seconds. The epic-center of this earthquake was less than 20km below Awaji-shima, an island near the city of Kobe, a port city. The earthquake occurred between convergent plate boundaries, the Eurasian Plate and Philippines Plate, and as a result of the collision of these two plates the pressure built up and then suddenly got released, and the Earthquake shockwaves traveled to Kobe. The Hanshin earthquake caused about 5,100 deaths, mostly in Kobe. Highways, roads, homes, railroads, ports and other infrastructures were destroyed, also trains on minor lines were derailed. Main water ways bursted and there were fires evolving everywhere. These caused disruption of traffic, affects on economy, water suspension, and disrupted heat and gas areas around Kobe. However, what caused such a severe damage of the city of one of the most highest earthquake-prepared countrys, was that the city of Kobe is close by water, therefore is on soft land. Secondly, the focus was relatively shallow. Engineering was another reason. A huge amount of the houses in Kobe were built before the development of strict seismic codes (1981). They had old wooden frames, heavy clay tiled roofs, and were closely
Does Tourism bring more benefits than drawbacks to developing countries?
Does Tourism bring more benefits than drawbacks to developing countries? The argument here is whether the tourism in developing countries brings more of benefits than drawbacks or not. Tourism, today, is most attractive way of business for development of any country as people prefer to travel and explore the world to enjoy their holidays and to be closer to their families. Even though, it is beneficial from many view points, it has few drawbacks, too. Both the benefits and drawbacks are discussed below in details. Developing countries are major attractions of tourists for visiting different places. The developing countries include Asian countries, African countries, and many countries of Europe and North America. Tourism has been the basis of economic growth and stability for many developing countries in the world. Tourism generates maximum of revenue for developing countries. Many places of Africa, such as pyramids of Egypt, the great rift valley of Eastern and Southern Africa, Great Zimbabwe, Table Mountain in South Africa, Mount Kenya in Kenya, and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania are few of the attractions. These and other attractions contributed the arrival of total 124 million international visitors in the five years of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2002, and 2003. And they brought in approximately business of USD 52,891 million dollars in those five years. However, in developing
Globalization summary
Globalization Globalization? What is it? It is the process by which businesses or other organizations start operating on a global scale, where this process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces. It had been used since the 19th century, where it viewed as a centuries long process, tracking the expansion of human population and the growth of civilization, that has expanded in the past 50 years. Portugal's exploration and trade with most of the coast of Africa, Eastern South America, and Southern and Eastern Asia, was the first major trade based form of globalization. A wave of global trade, colonization, and civilization reached every corners of the world. Global incorporation continued through the expansion of European trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Portuguese and Spanish Empires colonized the Americas, followed eventually by France and Britain. Globalization was achieved by the British Empire (the largest empire in history) due to its size and power. British ideals and culture were liberate on other nations during this period. Chart: World GDP growth, how it accelerated in the past 30 years. And ofcourse the inequalities between trade and aid must happen, Globalization is not working for the most poor people in the developing countries, because when there are lot of factories in the developing countries, the
