Examine the global patterns and trends in the production and consumption of oil and discuss its geopolitical and environmental impacts.

Luis Rebollar 19-11-12 Geography Essay Examine the global patterns and trends in the production and consumption of oil and discuss its geopolitical and environmental impacts Lately, countries around the world have been dramatically affected environmentally and geopolitically, mainly due to the rise in demand for oil. Both the production and consumption of oil have been rising progressively since the early 1980‘s. As a result, countries such as Ecuador and Canada have been forced to deal with oil spills and the contamination of rain forests, while others such as Iraq have had to tolerate the burden of “resource wars”. Over the past decades, the production and consumption of oil has been steadily increasing. By looking at Figure 1, it can be said that oil production has barely increased since 1983, when it was at 53,000 thousand barrels per day (tbpd). Today, a bit less than 80,000 are produced. However, global oil consumption has been increasing continuously. We can see that in 1993, the global consumption of oil was approximately 56,000 thousands barrels per day, and that it has been gradually increasing for the pas 20 years. Today, we consume about 87,000 thousand barrels per day. Figure 2 shows the oil production and consumption by country. Figure 1: Global Oil

  • Word count: 1063
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Drought in Australia Research Project

Block: 2-4 ________________ Part A: Introduction Many areas of the world today suffer from drought, whether it is due to the area’s natural and geographical location or other factors such as global warming and climate change. Drought, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is defined as: a period of dryness especially when prolonged; specifically, one the cause the extensive damage to crops or prevents their successful growth.1 The part of the definition that’s most important is the prolonged and dryness. Droughts by nature are just periods of dryness, therefore the duration of it will have significant impact on the damage it can cause to the affected area, influencing the ecosystem, people, and even its economy. The most common type of drought that occurs are either short, intense droughts that last a few months, or longer, less intense droughts that can last several years or decades. Droughts can be cause by a variety of factors. One factor is the location of the area. Some regions naturally suffer from drought due to the flow of global atmospheric circulation. High pressure areas, such as the sub-tropic high pressure belt at around 20o North and South Latitudes to 30o North and South Latitudes, respectively, allow warm, dry air to descend and create conditions that are common for desert. Other natural processes also allow for droughts. An example is the El

  • Word count: 2329
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Give an example of a measurement of globalization and evaluate its effectiveness in describing patterns of globalization.

Kalain Hosein Give an example of a measurement of globalization and evaluate its effectiveness in describing patterns of globalization. [10 Marks] Globalization is defined as the growing interdependence of countries worldwide through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Globalisation is measured by a multi-component indicator that was developed in 2002 that covers the economic, social and political dimensions of globalization called the KOF index. The economic globalization indicator takes into account the long distance flow of goods, capital and services, as well as information and perception that accompany market exchanges. It also looks at the trade, FDI which is the foreign direct investment and portfolio investment. In addition, it uses the restrictions to trade and capital on a given area to calculate this indicator such as the import barriers, mean tariff rates and its taxes on international trade. The political globalization indicator looks for aspects of a country that would make it more international and diplomatic such as the diffusion of government policies. It also looks at the number of embassies and high commissions a country has as well as the number of international organizations to which a country is a

  • Word count: 798
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Analysis of the Progress made towards the Millennium Development Goals.

Examine the progress made with the MDGs regarding Poverty, Child Health, HIV/AIDS and Education. The Millennium Development Goals consist in eight major points that have been appointed by all of the 193 member states of the United Nations. They have been agreed with the objective of improving social and economic conditions fore the world’s population. These terms were officially submitted following the Millennium Summit in 2000 and have been planned to be completed by 2015. The first of the eight points regards Poverty and Hunger. I will concentrate on the Poverty section, divided in two elements. Firstly, the UN decided to engage in halving the amount of people living on, or with less, than 1$ per day. In 1990 data was recorded in the developing countries, sustaining that 46% of the population lived with 1$ or less each day. The same survey, in 2005, showed that this number decreased to 27%. Because the goal for the MDGs was to reach 23% the developing countries appear to be on track with the requirements, resulting in a possible substantial overshoot. Another indicator shows the global population living under international poverty line, 1.25$ a day, with an average of 1.8 billion in 1990 and down to 1.4 billion in 2005. The World Bank has therefore stated that, if the pattern is to continue, by 2015 this number should drop to approximately 920 million people. This would

  • Word count: 1482
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Religious leaders - among them Catholic bishops - has gone far in condemning the use of condoms for young people as well as adults in Africa.

Aids – Condoms as solution Religious leaders - among them Catholic bishops - has gone far in condemning the use of condoms for young people as well as adults in Africa. This is a problem because it will make condoms more difficult to enhance. Huge condom programs are often seen by the people as the solution to the AIDS problem in Africa. Experts in the field find it difficult to assess whether the church's views on contraception is essential that people choose to opt out. In my opinion it is very crucial. The Christian missionaries teach that it is a sin to use condoms at such a young ag. They compare it to as the act of stealing and are also focusing on the consequences on this act. From religious authorities, it is often argued that extensive campaigns for condom use may also lead to the opposite of what you want because it can lead to greater sexual behavior. That one starts to think, "Hey, we get condoms that protect! Let's have more sex than before! " So maybe the reason why AIDS is spreading so much in Africa is because they are trained not to use a condom by their Christian teachers? That it’s a " sin ". However , then one should probably not sexually intercourse with anyone either, or is that not taught by the preachers? Country HIV-exposed adults, 2005 Botswana 38,8% Zimbabwe 33,7% Swaziland 33,4% Lesotho 31,0% Namibia 22,5% Zambia 21,5%

  • Word count: 428
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Examine the geographical consequences of international outsourcing

Examine the geographical consequences of international outsourcing. International outsourcing, which is contracting services to an offshore, rather than a domestic, company, has become a growing source of contention. This outsourcing occurs when some aspect of a business operation is contracted out to an external company. It has become a popular management tool in recent decades as companies continue to identify things done best by its own employees and then contracting out services that can be handled more cheaply or efficiently by a specialist contractor. Due to this, companies that do engage in international outsourcing face significant geographical consequences for both host and source countries. One of the main expansion of international outsourcing is the ICT sector, otherwise known as information and communication technologies. As communication such as video-conferencing capability have improved, outsourcing ICT work to offshore destinations have developed to a point where software can be developed independently of location provided connections are adequate. The outsourcing destinations favored by US and European software developers include China, Korea, Mexico, and India. The geographical consequences of international outsourcing can clearly be found in India where the software export industry is worth more than 1 billion dollars each year. The number of

  • Word count: 612
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011

Fukushima Earthquake And Tsunami 2011 Essay Science’s solutions to detecting Tectonic Movements And Earthquakes Macintosh HD:Users:160161:.Trash:images-1.jpeg Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Unknown-2.jpeg Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-10-27 at 5.33.43 PM.png Fukushima Essay In March 2011, Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and a following tsunami. Authorities concluded that the earthquake was the cause of the Pacific plate releasing the friction built up after years converged under the North American plate (as shown in figure 3) along the fault line that lies kilometres away from Japan’s coastline. (Urbano, 2011)This caused the friction to spread through the ground-and what was originally said to be a magnitude 6.6 earthquake through the evaluation of incomprehensive readings from seismometers- shook Japan for over five minutes. The resulting tsunami was triggered by the explosive energy released by the earthquake. However, its damage was minimized by 10m high sea walls and the modeling of buildings along the coast, which had applied various scientific techniques to reduce impact from waves on actual buildings. Macintosh HD:Users:160161:Desktop:Unknown-1.jpeg Earthquakes are a very significant problem around the globe and can cause havoc through towns. The Japan earthquake and following tsunami resulted in 20000 deaths and

  • Word count: 2587
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Clean Energy Production in the UAE Essay

Clean Energy Production Essay Our world relies on fossil fuels because it is very essential to our day-to-day life. Fossil fuels, which are hydrocarbon formed with in the top layer of crust, these are non-renewable resources because they apprehend million of years to form. In the UAE electricity generation remains largely dependence on fossil fuels approximately 70% of electricity currently being generated using coal, natural gas and petroleum product. Coal is the most carbon intensive of the fossil fuel. Its is not surprising that the electricity generation stands as a top contributor to global carbon emission, according to the international energy agency electricity generation currently counts for approximately 50 % of global carbon emission . UAE needs to change the habit of sustaining time in the creation of new alternative fossil fuels. In my research I have found that fossil fuels, like crude oil or petroleum will only last approximately thirty to forty more years this means, we must find the solution and must find the answer to this major question facing our world especially the UAE. It is a good idea to replace fossil fuels now due to the environmental issues, when the fossil fuels burns they release gases into the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide which causes pollution as well as green house effect. The situation is frightening but real which is harmful to the

  • Word count: 1208
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Investigating the most suitable method to provide water in Johannesburg

PM502-2T T2279518 Tutor: Elaine Crowe Module Code: PM502-2T Module Title: Skills for study 2 Tutor Name: Elaine Crowe Group: Group A Assignment Title: As a worker for a development agency, to recommend a method might be feasible to use to improve water provision in Johannesburg Assignment Title: The most suitable method to provide water in Johannesburg Student ID Number: T2279518 Date of Submission:02/08/2012 Introduction . The importance of water to South Africa In South Africa, the basic right to get enough water is written in its Constitution. It is written that “everyone has the right to have access to sufficient water and food”. Only a few countries in the world enshrine this right in their Constitutions. Nevertheless, a lot of works need to be done to fulfill this right. Watson (2008) has highlighted that approximately 15 million people were not supported by safe water. Furthermore, more than 20 million people did not get adequate sanitation services in 1990. In addition, an extra population of nearly 10 million people who got access to a safe water source since then. According to an organization which was named WHO Joint Monitoring Program for Sanitation and Water Supply, the share of the people who had accessed to safe water source supply rose from 83 per cent in

  • Word count: 1563
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay

Evaluation of the industrial revolution

In order for the industrial revolution to occur, manufacturers needed raw materials such as cotton, produced by slave labour on the plantations of the southern US. American cotton was crucial to the growth of the British & American textile industries. Slaves working on an American cotton plantation in the early 1850s, produces the raw material of early industrialization. Even though the British abolished the slave trade in 1807, and the US forbade Southern planters to trade in slaves the same year, slavery persisted for another 56 years. Once the Civil War ended, slavery & the plantation system collapsed in the US, and British manufacturers turned to Egypt & India for raw materials, thus expanding the global reach of the industrial economy. Cotton grown by slaves in the American South fueled industrial revolution. In US, beginning in the last decade of the 18th C, textile factories sprang up along rivers throughout New England. The industrial revolution that began in England and spread to the US and continental Europe by the 1840s and 1850s had tremendous effects around the world. Although Europe, western E, and the US were the fist major areas to experience IDs, by the end of the 19th C, other countries—notably Russia, Japan, and Sweden, among others—joined in. For the captains of industry produced gods in order to sell, trade or barter them, and their commercial

  • Word count: 935
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
Access this essay