History and Philosophy of Ukraine

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INTRODUCTION

Philosophy of Ukraine derived from the Greek tradition in its East form (Vizantian Empire). This type of the philosophy closely connected with the Orthodox Christianity. Beginning the study of the history of Ukrainian philosophy, it is necessary to take into account the needs of national revival, which defines the features of the present stage of the spiritual life of Ukrainian people.  Of course, this process describes the current state of the nation. As is gone about renaissance, then not less apparent is the organic connection with its historical past. Because, in the past, is kept what we desire to revive in our memory, which, along with the dream of the future is an essential element of national consciousness. Moreover, one might even say that the historical memory - is the foundation of the nation and the information that is primarily the perception of its own history.

  1. PERIODS OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF UKRAINE

In the development of Ukrainian philosophy we can point out three main periods which marked by the originality of existence of the Ukrainian philosophical thought throughout its long history.      

  1. Philosophical Thought of Kyivan Rus’ (of XI - until mid XIV).

Spiritual and notional components: reflection of the Christian type of culture with accent on problem "man – God"; morphological: the predominance of philosophical issues related to comprehension problems of individuals and historiosophical problems. Organic combination of the philosophy with religion. The centers of philosophical quest were Kyiv and Galich. The movement of philosophical thought was carried out from the Center to the West.

Here is accomplished the understanding of the marginal grounds of human existence. There appear questions related to understanding human nature. Philosophy has not yet evolved into an independent field of theoretical understanding of the world. This was practical philosophy.

  1. Culture of Cossackdom (VI - XVIII.).

Spiritual component: focus on culture of baroque,  touch with Renaissance and Reformation ideas, understanding that the world is chaotic, uncertainty of man's place in the world; dramatic and tragic outlook, the problem of "man - the universe"; morphological: in the range of problems there is the problem of ethics,  historiosophy, natural philosophy, dialectics, metaphysics; institutional: within the culture begins the formation of philosophical theory as a special field of scientific and theoretical work within the philosophical culture. This is the period of the philosophy of  professors of Kiev-Mohyla Academy and philosophy of Skovoroda.

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  1. Culture of Romanticism (XIX - first third XX cent.).

Spiritual components: critique of reason by an appeal to the irrational depths of human existence, spontaneously creative forces that determine the essence of man, the cult of heart; morphological: the problem of "people - a nation," which proved the beginning of the development of philosophy of the national idea, along with the history of philosophy of culture and history of philosophical theory. History of philosophy of the national idea (the problem of "I and the nation") supplements the process of formation of Ukrainian national culture; institutional: a) the activities of ...

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