Was the Russian 1917 February Revolution inevitable?

Authors Avatar
Was the 1917 revolution (February/March) inevitable?

The Russian Revolution (February) in 1917 was a sequence of protests and revolts against the autocratic regime and the Tsar Nicholas II leading to his eventual downfall (and consequently of the Romanov dynasty). Russia was a backward and poor country bursting with peasants. Some historians argue that a revolution was inevitable due to Russia's conditions. On the other hand, others believe that the Tsarist regime is to blame because of a humiliating campaign in WWI and a catastrophic domestic policy. In this essay, I will asses if the 1917 revolution was really unavoidable by analyzing the build-up of events ensuing ultimately in a revolution.

Before taking any conclusions, we must understand the occurrences that took place before 1917. Since the Crimean War in 1853, Russia faced any shameful defeats e.g. Russo-Japanese War (1904), 1905 Revolutions. These were all major blows to the monarchy meaning that overall the population was unhappy with the achievements of the Tsar's. The oppressive monarchy was starting to be contested by the liberals and the middle class. The middle class posed a threat to the Tsar for they were educated and could demand political changes.
Join now!


Adding to this, in the 90's, opposition in Russia grew alarmingly, especially after the 1905 revolutions. The political parties were better organized and larger in number and Nicholas II little did to impede them from growing. The population slowly became aware that the Duma was only a 'cosmetic change' and that the Tsar still held the power. Political parties used this in their favor and progressively changed people's opinions concerning the monarchical system. Social aspects didn't advance either; peasants were conscious that change wasn't taking place: the economy was facing inflation and land reforms never worked.

Perhaps ...

This is a preview of the whole essay