Why did the Labour party win the 1945 election?
History Essay Why did the Labour party win the 1945 election? The victory of the Labour party in the 1945 general election remains one of the greatest shocks in British political history. With Clement Attlee returning as Prime Minister, Labour won 393 seats, against 213 for the Conservatives. This result was one of the most important in British political history; but why such unexpected results? The nation needed a considerable revision, a great programme of modernisation and a renewal of its homes, factories, schools, and social services. This is what the election would be about. But until 1945, socialism wasn’t widely recognised: most of the people were nearly scared by it, because Russia was a socialist state and promoting communism. But socialism began to be more approved of and less strange to them when Russia proved to be a trustworthy alley during war. So middle-class citizens started to vote for socialism, which increased the amount of votes for Labour. After war, social change was put forth. Indeed, the numerous victims of the 1930’s depression in Britain, as well as soldiers coming home from serving in the war, all found themselves unemployed. Therefore, the Labour Party’s slogan “Let us face to the future” appealed the British public, who did not want to go through this again. The publication of the Beveridge Report, written by William Beveridge,
Peron's Consolidation of Power
JUAN PERON and ARGENTINA A study of Argentine History from 1946 - 1955 Monday, May 28, 2012 Word Count: 2022 TABLE OF CONTENTS Plan of Investigation ............................................................................. 1 Summary of Evidence ........................................................................... 2 Evaluation of Sources ........................................................................... 5 Analysis ................................................................................................. 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 8 Bibliography........................................................................................ 10 Part A: Plan of Investigation Under Juan Domingo Peron[1], the years 1946-1955 underwent many and frequent permutations in the political and social sectors of Argentina. This essay will attempt to answer the question, “Evaluate the success of Juan Peron in personalizing power[2] in the political and social sectors of Argentina from 1946 – 1955.” The two main sources that will be assessed for their OPVL are Politics and Education in Argentina, 1946 – 1962, by Monica Esti Rein and The History of Argentina by Daniel K. Lewis. This investigation will only focus on Juan Peron’s efforts to ‘Peronize’ the Argentine
Evaluate the factors that enabled Mussolini to rise to power.
Evaluate the factors that enabled Mussolini to rise to power. When on the 29th of October King Victor Emmanuel appointed Benito Mussolini Prime Minister of Italy it was enigmatic for some contemporaries how a person who had no previous governmental experience and whose party had only attained 35 seats in Parliament could adopt the office of the Prime Minister. Furthermore he was an ambiguous character. He was leader of a new party relying on the democratic system on the one hand and on the other the leader of a paramilitary organisation who terrorised socialists and participated in illegal actions. The crucial question is, which factors, wether long- or short-term, were the most significant to enable Mussolini’s rise to power. To anticipate, the combination of several long-, medium, and short-term causes were crucial in enabling Mussolini to become Prime Minister. The first World War had lasted longer than anyone has expected and pre-war expectations and promises were not fulfilled. Just a few victories could compensate the immense casualties and the Paris Peace Conference has hugely humiliated the Italian population by not granting them all of “Italia Irredente”, the land around Trieste, Fiume and Tyrol. Furthermore, returning soldiers found themselves in an alienated position. Ambitious former fellow peasants who seized the advantage for gaining money by buying
History Internal Assessment - Stalin's propaganda during the war
Francesca Parisi 2th Grade September 2012 How effective was Stalin propaganda during the war? Stalin developed a cult of personality like no other leader in history through an exponential use of propaganda, like media, public events, and alteration of historical materials. Stalin was personified in\as a hero, the creator and father of the USSR. He achieved this cult of personality by advertising himself and his actions as a leader, through visual images like pictures, movies or posters; but also through psychological pressure taking away the privilege of freedom, personal opinion, religious beliefs, and press[1]; the only thing people could discuss of was him, but not his private life. One very famous picture used as propaganda portraits joseph Stalin with a little girl (Gelya Markizova) who brought him a bouquet of flowers. The story of this girl after the picture was taken is dramatic. Her parents were killed just one year later. Her father second secretary of the Buryat Mongol ASSR was accused of spying for Japan and shot Stalin’s campaign started on newspapers, it was the quickest way to spread his message. Speeches about the successes of his domestic policies as the Five Year Plans were printed in Pravda[2] (Russian political newspaper associated with the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.) and even on posters around the streets. Yet the workers who
Which of indoctrination and repression proved most effective for consolidating Hitler's power (1933-1939)?
002258-015 Which of indoctrination and repression proved most effective for consolidating Hitler's power (1933-1939)? (word count: 3814) ________________ Acknowledgements: I would like to take this opportunity to thank my supervisor, Mr Baldwin for his assistance in completing this essay. I would also like to extend my thanks to the library of my high school, for the books of quality that I had the chance to be provided of. ________________ Abstract: The purpose of this essay was to investigate which was the most effective way to consolidate Hitler’s power from 1933-1939. I referred to consolidation of power in pre-war times to see how effective indoctrination and repression were on their own that is to say without the influence of war. Through this investigation it can be seen that Hitler successfully used both propaganda and repression to give himself control over the German people. Nevertheless one mean was more successfully used than the other and from the data gathered it seems that it was indoctrination. The control that the Nazis exerted over mass media and culture enabled them to get the support of population without imposing their ideology. With indoctrination the Nazis managed to make their ideology acknowledged and adhered by everybody; allowing them to have a certain control over the German population. It shouldn’t be forgotten that the repression
Analyse the causes and consequences of Glasnost and Perestroika up until 2000
History HL Jan Mojto Analyse the causes and consequences of Glasnost and Perestroika up until 2000. In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was appointed the General Secretary of the party. Economic decline in the 1980s worsened the political climate, inspiring people to protest and raise their demands for better standard of living and education. Russia was in desperate need for change, which led to Gorbachev taking action through Glasnost and Perestroika. In this essay I’ll analyze what triggered him to adopt these policies and their consequences. Firstly, Glasnost and Perestroika were adopted to reform Communism. Gorbachev recognized the need to reform communism, as the economy wasn’t working. People were unsatisfied with the current conditions and demanded change, as it directly affected their lives. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster is a key example that demonstrates the failure of communism to keep people informed of the full extents of danger it brought along. Thus many people suffered as result of inadequate information. The communist regime was outdated and slow adapting to change. Compared to West, it was well behind in technological advances and food production. News about situation in West was quickly spreading along the Soviet Union, inspiring people in their demands for freedom and reform. Keeping people informed and reforming economy would thus help to
Why has Afghanistan become such an important issue in the last 10 years?
Why has Afghanistan become such an important issue in the last 10 years? Afghanistan has been a mass of corruption, tribal feuding and militancy, partially over the last 10 years. The drug trade is increasing and the treatment of women has constantly been a problem. Between the struggle of war and a lack of democracy it has caused the country to become severely unstable and cause, what many experts to believe, an un-winnable war. Although the Soviet war happened more than 10 years ago it has contributed to how Afghanistan is today. Sources from the website ‘wisegeek’ tell us that the Soviet Union (USSR) is a former country which included modern-day Russia and other states (including: Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania). During its existence it was a major world power, which began with the Russian revolution of 1917 and continued until it collapsed. It was a single party state ruled by the communist party, so they wanted a society which was classless. Reference from ‘yahoo’ explains how the Soviet War lasted from 1979 to 1989 and involved the USSR invading Afghanistan. Their reasons for invading Afghanistan was because they wanted better access to the Indian Ocean for trade and their naval fleet; it would also allow them to cut off India and Pakistan from trading on land. Afghanistan also has important natural resources like: natural gas, uranium, iron ore and copper –
How significant was the role of B-17 Flying Fortress in defeating the German war machine from 1944 to 1945?
IB HL History IA How significant was the role of B-17 Flying Fortress in defeating the German war machine from 1944 to 1945? Word Count: 1568 Table of Contents page Section A: PLAN OF INVESTIGATION 3 Section B: SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE 3 to 5 Section C: EVALUATION OF SOURCES 5 Section D: ANALYSIS 5 to 6 Section E: CONCLUSION 6 Section F: SOURCES 7 A: Plan of the Investigation: The investigation will evaluate the significance of the B-17 Flying Fortress in defeating the German war machine from 1944 to 1945. The investigation will assess the European Air War along with it’s role in suppressing Germany’s power and new weapons of mass destruction, analyzed in the sources, “History of World War II: Victory and Aftermath” by Marshall Cavendish and “History Learning Site – B-17 Flying Fortress” by Chris Trueman. Strategy and tactics will be briefly mentioned of the bombing assessment, and only the American Air Forces will be discussed, ignoring the British influences upon destroying German War Machines in the European Air War. Furthermore,
Chechen Nationalism and Global Implications
Chechen Nationalism and Global Implications Chechnya is a small nation in the Southern region along the Caucus Mountains of Russia. The official religion is Sunni Islam. The region has a relatively low population; it is approximately 1.3 million. The official language of the region is Chechen (some argue that is Russian). The capital of the nation is Grozny and the Republic of Chechnya was “officially” established in 1991 (BBC). Throughout the years Chechnya has gone through dynamic changes. The dynamic changes that have created and are creating self-determination in Chechnya have followed the nationalist paradigm for state development, and through this several global themes have been incorporated: the rise of the global economic system, the rise of Islam, the fall of Communism, and the world has seen the methods of 21st century imperialism. Chechnya followed the J-Brown paradigm for national development. The revolution model does not fit the series of events as well. The revolution model discounts the unification process, and the revolution model discounts the importance of the identifiable people group. A revolution occurs when the people overthrow the government and they create a new government. Nationalism occurs when the identifiable people group revolts and breaks away from a parent country or nation. Nationalism is the creation of immense national pride, and
The Anglo-Saxon Culture: An Overview
-A.W. T he Anglo-Saxons were Germanic barbarians who invaded Britain and took over large parts of the island in the centuries following the withdrawal of the Roman Empire. They were initially less gentrified than other post-Roman barbarian groups such as the Franks or Ostrogoths because they had less contact with Mediterranean civilization. The Anglo-Saxons were originally pagan in religion. The main group, from northwestern Germany and Denmark, was divided into Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. German tribal affiliations were loose and the original invaders included people from other Germanic groups as well. Although some of the early Anglo-Saxon invaders had Celtic-influenced names, such as Cedric, the founder of the house of Wessex, the Anglo-Saxons had a pronounced awareness of them-selves as different from the peoples already inhabiting Britain. Their takeover led to the integration of Britain into a Germanic world. Unlike other groups such as the Franks they did not adopt the language of the conquered Celtic and Roman peoples, but continued speaking a Germanic dialect. The early Anglo-Saxons highly valued courage and skill in battle, as reflected in the most significant surviving Anglo-Saxon poem, Beowulf. Their pagan religion was marked by a strong sense of fatalism and doom, but also by belief in the power of humans to manipulate super-natural forces through spells and
