IB, Paper 1: USSR under Stalin, 1924-1941. Analysis of sources.
Beatrice Ferro Paper 1: The USSR under Stalin, 1924 to 1941 . a) According to source A, Stalin's advantages over his rivals gave him the power of patronage. He had the right to choose any individual to take an important position in the party and government. He also could place his own supporters in key positions. Stalin was always able to out-vote his enemies in various committees. He also had the privilege to fire those who did not support him. b) The message that is being communicated in source D is that of Stalin being a great supporter for Lenin. His position shows how he is assisting Lenin and backing him up. This protection that Stalin is showing in source D also wants to convey the fact the he wishes to be as close to Lenin as possible. 2. In Sources A and C, we can find some of Stalin's methods to weaken his oppositions. Both sources talk about Stalin wanting to isolate his rivals. We can see this in source A where it says: “individuals who opposed him...he could always out-vote them”. Source C also says that “the Trotskyites and the right opportunists were politically isolated”. Source A and C both agree that Stalin went against those who opposed Lenin. Source A supports this view as it says that “the party had undertaken the 'Lenin Enrolment' ”, and source D also says that the Party went against those who followed the “anti-Leninist theses”.
Discuss the Depiction of the Philippines and Jose Rizal in the film "Bayaning Third World".
Gerard John P. Caisip Hi165 Bayaning Third World The sampaguita is our national flower. The Philippine eagle is our national bird. The carabao is our national animal. The bangus is our national fish. The mango is our national fruit. Jose Rizal is out national hero. The film “Bayaning Third World” shows all of these as though they were educational flash cards that would normally be shown to kindergarten students. The film begins and ends this way as if indicating that these so-called facts about our country have been hammered unto us at a very tender age, becoming something like stimuli. We readily accept these “truths” without even bothering how and why they became so. Who gave the order that the mango should be the national fruit? I am not particularly fond of mangoes. Does that make me less of a Filipino? We are often given these idealized versions of our heroes that we end up making up inconsistent bastardized accounts of the past. This sensationalism of the characters was alluded to in the film. When Ricky Davao interviews Donya Lolay and explains this to Cris Villanueva, Cris argues that Ricky’s portrait of Donya Lolay wasn’t accurate. Ricky then replies that his version would be a better fit for and adds more elements to the story. This shows how storytellers, historians, and media would sometimes give more importance to making a good story than
Describe the Spread of Christianity in the Middle East
Spread of Christianity in the Middle East Christianity originated in the Middle East in the 1st century AD and was one of the major religions of the region. Christianity spread rapidly from Jerusalem along major trade routes, encompassing Egypt, North Africa, Syria, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Greece, Italy and Southern Europe. The most populous Christian cities included Alexandria, Antioch, Rome, Constantinople (4th century), and Jerusalem (5th century). However, doctrinal disputes in the 4th and 5th centuries provoked conflict in the church. Disagreements on the worship of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary formed the premise of the conflict. As a result, sects such as the Church of the East, Oriental Orthodox Church, and Eastern Orthodox Church were established. As a result of the rise of Islam and the Arab-Muslim Conquest of the Middle East and North Africa in the 7th century, Christianity slowly declined in these regions, and by the 10th century, Christians made up only 10% of the population of the Islamic Empire. At the end of the eleventh century, the Crusades brought in the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church from the west. After the Crusades, many eastern churches formed religious bonds, known as communions, with the Roman Catholic Church. After the publication of Martin Luther's 95 Theses in the 16th century, Catholicism and Protestantism became the two
Ancient Greece revision notes
ANCIENT GREECE Early civilizations The Minoans (On the island of Crete) * Between 2000 and 1450 BCE during the bronze age * Ruled by King Minos, his palace located at Knossos (important archeological find, and his palace became the centres of exchange for Minoan economy) * Greek historian Thucydides told of king Minos * They were great navigators and farmers * They developed linear A and B * Artistic expressions and grand construction * Earthquake destroys Minoan palaces * It is thought that either a volcanic eruption or war between Minoans and Mycenaeans led to decline of power The Mycenaeans 1600 to 1100 BCE(close to the sea) * Indo-European people invaded mainland Greece, replaced language with Achaean, and took control over palace of Knossos * Mycenaeans soon controlled mainland Greece, and thus main political centre was Mycenae * They were more interested in war, their main ruler was king Agamemnon, but each city had its own king * Kings gained wealth from trading and piracy * They had small farming communities * Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey, about the Trojan wars * We gain much of our knowledge of the Mycenaean age from Homer’s poems and archeological discoveries (Agamemnon’s palace) * Their graves were vertical burial shafts * The artifacts found in these graves show strong influence from Minoans * The end of it’s civilizations is thought
Compare and contrast the causes and nature of the February and October revolutions in Russia in 1917.
Compare and contrast the causes and nature of the February and October revolutions in Russia in 1917. There were two Russian Revolutions in 1917; one was in February, and the other in October, is also known as the Bolshevik Revolution. They both have a wide range of differences and similarities in their causes and nature. The February Revolution led to the abdication of the Tsar and brought the Provisional Government to power. The October Revolution led to the downfall of this government and brought the Bolsheviks to power. The February Revolution grew from a street demonstration gone out of control; there was no political force to support it and neither a strategic plan to carry out. On the other hand, the October Revolution was a planned coup, where Lenin and the Bolshevik Party had designed and led it. This second revolution was a deliberate attempt to overthrow the current government, take power and start a Communist state in place of the monarchy. However, this revolution was similar to the first one as it also didn't have a detailed plan for how the government should be run. World War One is both a comparison and a contrast in both revolutions. One main factor of the February Revolution was the First World War which began in 1914. This caused a breakdown socially and also reduced faith in the government; leading to an economic crisis. Tension among the Russian people
Analyse the reason for, and the nature of, opposition to tsardom in Russia between 1855 and 1894.
BEATRICE FERRO Analyse the reason for, and the nature of, opposition to tsardom in Russia between 1855 and 1894. The period between 1855 and 1894 covered the reigns of Alexander II and his son, Alexander III. Both of these Tsars were opposed because of their autocratic nature of tsarist rule and the backward state of Russia, both economically and politically. Alexander II realised the danger to Tsardom and did introduce many reforms, most known for emancipating the serfs, to try and stem opposition, but he failed to introduce a national duma. Alexander III, shocked by his father's assassination, followed a policy of repression. The oppositions varied, they included political activists, revolutionaries, peasants and workers. Many of the nobles as well opposed various policies, especially the emancipation. Educational reforms also led to a series of riots and opposition to individual policies. Alexander II could be considered as reactionary as his son, they both pursued similar aims: strengthening Russia and improving its international position while maintaining autocracy. Alexander III did follow some of his father's reforms but the economic progress during the 1880's and 1890's were crucial steps towards modernization. Alexander II could be seen as a reformer, a “Liberator”, whilst his son, a conservative reactionary. There were many different reasons for why there
Outline the reasons for the rise of Chinese Nationalism after 1919. Discuss the impact of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45) on Chinas relationship with the two new superpowers.
First Half of 20th Century China Outline the reasons for the rise of Chinese Nationalism after 1919. Discuss the impact of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-45) on China’s relationship with the two new superpowers. Up until the 20th century, China had been ruled almost exclusively by dynasties who managed to build and consolidate a significant empire in eastern Asia. The last of these dynasties was the Qing dynasty. Following the destruction of China’s “treasure fleet” in the 15th century by the Mandarins of the Ming dynasty, China’s trade (which reached all the way to the Eastern shores of Africa) with foreign nations slowly disappeared. By the 19th century, China, which had once been at the forefront of scientific advances in the ancient world, was seen as a backward nation, but still a lucrative market for Western nations to tap into. The British sold opium to the Chinese, who smoked it with tobacco after the practice had been introduced to them by Europeans, and slowly the population became addicted to it. Faced with this, the Emperor took action and suppressed the sale of opium, resulting in the First Opium War (1839 to 1842) which saw the modern British expeditionary force crush the Chinese. From this, the Treaty of Nanking was signed: the first of the unequal treaties. Hong Kong was ceded to the British, low tariff rates were fixed and foreigners were given
To what extent was Germany responsible for the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939?
SHARON ADEWUSI 12I To what extent was Germany responsible for the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939? Following the invasion of Poland by Germany on 1st September, Britain and France formally declared war on Germany 2 days later. Although war was declared by Britain and France, the plans, policies and actions of Hitler in the road to war could be blamed for the outbreak of war, making Germany, to some extent, responsible for causing WWII. Hitler’s policies came as a clear retaliation to the Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919. As mentioned in his book ‘Mein Kampf’ Hitler laid out his foreign policy aims which were: the destruction of the Treaty, Lebensraum (living space), unification of all German speaking people in the ‘Third Reich’ and creation of a racially pure German state that would become the most dominant power in Europe and later the World. The first 3 aims, directly violated the terms of the treaty as Hitler intended to rearm and expand through lost territory. It is clear that Hitler sought to expansion into Eastern Europe in order to unite all German speakers. Historian, Richard Overy states that Hitler had planned for a large scale war to begin during the mid 1940s rather than 1939. It could be argued that Hitler’s intentions for war, if he could not achieve his ambition for Lebensraum, were announced at the Hossbach Conference in 1937. At the
Law and Order in the Medieval Period Assigment - Year 8
SOSE Medieval Assignment Part 1 Task When Notes Status Research Questions Plan Report Check List Focus Questions Create Topic for Body Paragraphs Research Topic Write Draft Paragraphs Bibliography Do by Saturday 29th June Get someone to proof read your work √ Completed Part 2 Task When Notes Status Create essay Wednesday 3rd July Report 000 words Cover Page Introduction Body Paragraphs Conclusion Bibliography Sub headings NO DOT POINTS √ Completed Focus Questions . How has the medieval punishments influenced the modern punishments system? 2. How has the modern criminal evolved from the medieval times? 3. Why did they change from the medieval justice system to the modern justice system? 4. Since the police force has been in place have crime rates dropped or increased? 5. Why did Saxon invent the Saxon Laws? Glossary Magnacarta – Document that King John had to sign that limited his power of king Gallows – wooden device where people were hung Treason – The act of betraying your country or your king Trial by ordeal Saxons Laws Feudal System Recompense Hierarchy Tithe- Tax given to the church which amounted to about 10% of what they grew or earned Innocent until proven guilty Part 1 Questions . Explain how the feudal system worked? In most of medieval Europe, society was depended on the "feudal" system,
Women and Communal Strikes in the Crisis of 1917 - 1922 & The Fascist Solution to the Women Question in Italy and Germany
Women and Communal Strikes in the Crisis of 1917 - 1922 An interesting fact concerning the protests by working class in the period during and succeeding WWI was not initial demands for revolutionary change or worker’s rights, but instead forcing government to provide basic life necessities of food and shelter during times of rationing. Though there were differences in geography and outcomes, the goal was the same in demanding survival over social and economic change. The politicization of these movements did not occur until their male counterparts, who did hold memberships in unions and radical political groups, sympathized with their female equivalents and participated in these marches did violence or government crackdowns occur. It was because of politics that these women avoided the idea in order to elicit sympathy and avoid ferocious reprisals against them. The organization of these marches ties into the community structure of working-class women. Though these events seemed to occur at random, they shared a few common characteristics. The communities these women resided were usually near their or husbands/fathers/brothers/male companions workplaces and also government facilities. Another was the close bonds formed amongst them through interactions in work, markets, churches, and other public areas of gathering Whether it was babysitting for neighbors’ children or
