World War 1 Information
Unit 10: World War 1 0.1: The Causes of World War 1 > 1862- King William I (Prussian king) appoints Otto van Bismarck as Prime Minister > Otto van Bismarck dominated German and European politics > Conservative junker- (eunker) land owning aristocracy > Practitioners of Realpolitik > "Blood and Iron" > Sees advantages of war do not justify the risks involved > 1862-1866- ruled by ignoring Prussian legislature who does nothing for fear of political and social unrest that would occur as a result > Ultimate Goal: Unify Germany (does so by starting 3 wars) > Danish War of 1864 > Fought with Denmark over 2 duchies: Holstein and Schleswig > Bismarck wanted the 2 duchies to be a part of Prussia > Prussia is aided by Austria > The fight was unfair and the Danish quickly lose > The 2 duckies are now ruled by Prussia and Austria-Hungary > Austria-Hungary controls Holstein (southern duchy) > Prussia controls Schleswig (northern duchy) > Problem: Bismarck wanted both duchies to be unified under Prussia, so Bismarck starts a fight with Austria > 1866 Prussia versus Austria-Hungary > Prussia had advantages of an existing railroad in place and breach loading guns (fired faster) > Prussia wins and Bismarck does not make Austria-Hungary pay for war damages. Treats them nicely in comparison to normalcy. > Northern German states are ruled by Prussia, but Southern
Prohibition: an inevitable failure?
Patrick Gilbert MYP4a MP4 History. Focus Question: 'Prohibition: an inevitable failure?' Areas of Interaction: - Approaches to Learning (working with sources) - Health and Social Education In 1920 Prohibition came into effect in the United States. The making, selling and transporting of alcohol were banned. Thousands of illegal stills and millions of gallons of wine and spirits were destroyed but Prohibition also led to a vast increase on organized crime. In 1933 it was clear that Prohibition had failed and it was brought to an end nationally although a few states continued with their own ban on alcohol. Was the failure of Prohibition inevitable? The assignment: Study the sources and then answer all the questions which follow. You must use your own knowledge of the period to interpret and evaluate the sources. Where you are asked to use specific sources you must do so to score high marks. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources to which you are specifically directed. You will spend three lessons to answer these questions in class. Then type your answers at home. Please, print one question per page. The due date is: 14 / 4 / 2009 . Study sources A and B. How far do these two accounts agree about the causes and the consequences of Prohibition? Both sources A and B discuss the causes of Prohibition,
Notes on Italian unification - background and main events
Italy and the Congress of Vienna 1815 - Napoleon had conquered Italy and rearranged it into a small number of Italian republics - To some degree, he left behind a sense of Italian nationalism in the country - Napoleon has just been defeated at Waterloo in June 1815 and was exiled to Saint Helena - Main representatives at Vienna: o Britain; represented by Lord Castlereagh o Habsburg Emperor o Russian Emperor o King of Prussia o France; represented by Talleyrand - Louis XVII is restored as King of France for the second time in 1815 after Napoleon's exile - All the leaders wanted to establish a Cordon Sanitaire on France to prevent the spreading of revolution - The decision- makers at Vienna decided to return Italy to strong dynastic rulers; o The Habsburgs were given two states of Northern Italy; Lombardy and Venetia. They had four fortresses in these two states; Mantua, Pieschiera, Legnano and Verona o Most other Northern Italian states were given to minor Habsburg rulers o Central Italy was more or less part of the Papal States; under the Pope's rule. They would support monarchial principles and be ruled as a monarchy by the Pope o In the south, Naples and Sicily were ruled by Spanish Bourbons - What were the main obstacles to Italian Unification and how were they overcome? o The territorial adjustments of Italy made by the peacemakers in Vienna
Nazi Germany
GERMANY 1918-1945 * THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC AND THE RISE OF THE NAZIS The impact of the WW1 - before 1918 Germany was powerful and prospering country, full of working people, fine army BUT after 1918 when the German army was defeated Germany was destroyed, full of ill and powerless people dying, became an unstable democratic republic and was unable to improve the situation The birth of the Weimar Republic - in 1918 the Allies won the war and offered Germany peace under strict conditions › Germany's leader Kaiser abdicated his throne › the Socialist leader Friedrich Ebert became the new leader and signed an armistice with the Allies (freedom of speech, freedom of worship and better working conditions) › but it was too quick change from traditional, autocratic system of govt. to democratic, therefore the German nation and esp. the politicians did not accepted it › despite this opposition in Jan 1919 1st free German elections took place (in the town of Weimar, b/c Berlin was thought to be unstable) and Ebert's party won a majority of votes › Friedrich Ebert became the President of the Weimar Republic The Republic in danger, 1919-1924 (Ebert's govt. faced strong opposition from both left wing and right wing opponents) * The threat of the Left SPARTACISTS - a Communist party which was strongly against Ebert's plan for a democratic Germany, they wanted a Germany ruled
A look at the Differing Views of Jimmy Hoffa by the Government, the Public, and Teamster union members
Alexander Penniman000442-094 A look at the Differing Views of Jimmy Hoffa by the Government, the Public, and Teamster union members ________________ Alexander Penniman Candidate Number: 000442-094 3,960 words ________________ Abstract This essay will look at the differing views of Jimmy Hoffa by the government, the public, and Teamster union members and why they viewed them the way they did. Research was gathered from multiple sources written from different perspectives and other sources that gave insight into other viewpoints. The first chapter, “Who was Jimmy Hoffa?” gives background on Jimmy Hoffa and his history with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The second chapter, “Jimmy Hoffa as seen by the government” provides insight into how the government viewed Jimmy Hoffa and what caused them to perceive Jimmy Hoffa in the way that they did. The third chapter, “Jimmy Hoffa as Seen by the Public” examines the public’s view of Jimmy Hoffa. The fourth chapter, “Jimmy Hoffa as seen by the Teamsters” discusses how Jimmy Hoffa was viewed by the union members of the Teamsters and why they viewed him this way. The research shows that the government and public viewed him negatively because of the overwhelming control he had over the economy as well as his well-known criminal associations. Some Teamster union members also viewed him negatively, but
Interwar Years: 1919-39
Interwar Years: 1919-39 * The Treaty of Versailles * The Ruhr Crisis * Locarno * The Great Depression and Threats to Collective Security THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES The "Diktat" * The German delegation was allowed no further say in the drawing up of the treaty after the terms were confirmed. However, they had no choice but to sign it, which they eventually did on June 28 1919. * The Germans attacked the treaty, calling it unfair on grounds of being a "diktat" or "dictated peace". * It was believed that the location and manner in which the signing ceremony was staged were designed to humiliate Germany, since the proclamation of the German Empire had occurred in the very same place in January 1871. The Terms Territory Lost * Alsace-Lorraine to France * West Prussia and Posen to Poland * North Schleswig to Denmark * Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium * Danzig had its port facilities given to Poland * The Saar was placed under the control of the League of Nations, with France controlling the mines. * Upper Silesia was partitioned with Poland receiving half the area and two thirds of the mines. Germans were particularly incensed by this. * Germany lost all of her colonies in Africa, China and the Pacific. * As a result of the treaty, around 8.5 million people who lived in Germany's seized territory lost their citizenship, despite being German speakers. * This
To What Extent Did The Space Race Exacerbate Political Tensions Between The USA and USSR during the Cold War?
TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE SPACE RACE EXACERBATE TENSIONS BETWEEN THE USA AND USSR DURING THE COLD WAR? To what extent did the Space Race exacerbate political tensions between the U.S.A. & U.S.S.R. during the Cold War 1945-1970? ________________ Table of Contents Abstract Main Body/Investigation 4-12 Conclusion 12 Bibliography 13 ________________ Abstract The Cold War is a part of History that has affected the way we perceive a great deal of the world around us. The Cold War was a war like no other, beginning directly after the single most devastating event in the history of the world, The Second World War. The two superpowers, the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics stood as the symbolic representatives of pan-capitalism and pan-socialism respectively, whose ideas were strongly opposed. In this study, I focus on the political tensions between the two opposing powers from the beginning of the Cold War, to the end of the Space Race, and the changing political situations during this time. One source I found particularly useful was from the NASA History investigation into Soviet Space Programs that would challenge the United States’ Apollo space program, which offered insightful information about the Soviet regime and the opinions of politicians within the USSR regarding the importance of the Space Race, and
What caused World War 1?
What caused the First World War ? October 19 2012 ________________ When World War 1 is examined, the main culprit is almost always said to be Germany, however is this the case? At the end of the war, Germany was forced to take the blame without a fair trial or face annihilation. Now with all the evidence that has come to light since then, is it really fair to continue to blame this nation for the bloodiest conflict in the 20th century ? It can be evidently seen that tension was building up in the four years prior to the war and only a spark was needed to set off the ticking time bomb. Though Germany played a large part in the agitation and commencement of the Great War, one cannot blame a single country or a single cause. Europe in the 19th century was itching for war, from the socialist French to the politically suppressed Slavs. As stated by A J P Taylor “the people of Europe leapt willingly into war.” Through nationalism and a complicated network of alliances, when Austria-Hungary sneezed, the whole world caught the warfare bug. The war lasted for four long years which appeared even longer due to the fact that everyone assumed the war would be over by the Christmas of 1914. In this essay I will attempt to explain all the possible causes of the War, highlighting key events that accelerated the inevitable conflict. An alliance in theory should have a positive
Ways to lose a colony EE
Ways to loose a colony The British policies that lead to the Indian uprising in 1857 word count :3997 Abstract This essay 'Ways to loose a colony' deals the British policies, and actions that caused greviences within the Indian society and eventually lead to the civic uprising in 1857. It aims to identify the cultural drifts, religious insensitivities, and capitalist reforms that had been several centuries underway in the Indian society, and to deduce how they influenced the contemporary Indian society, and mainly, why these factors sparked the malcontent amongst the native population that eventually lead to the Indian conflict of 1857. This paper will also investigate the role of the Honourable East India company's as well as the Crown's motivation behind it's initiatives, in an effort to determine their goals with the new colony, and thereby reasons for possibly overlooking the concerns of the native population. To clarify these matters, the paper briefly presents the situation of colonial competition for the British in the 1600's, and elaborates upon how the Honourable East India company expanded. It also gradually determines the factors that agitated the Indian natives, and how British policies affected the Indian society. The paper covers the effects of the introduction of the Pattern Enfield Rifle, the effects of Christian missionaries and the Doctrine of Lapse, an
To what extent were the social changes in Germany between 1865 and 1890 the result of Bismarcks deliberate policies?
Nicole Belenska – 001441-0031 – Extended Essay Extended Essay in History Zlatarski International School – Sofia Name of student: Nicole Belenska Session: May 2014 Session number: 001441-0031 Supervisor: Boris Todorov Bismarck’s impact on Germany’s social structure Research question: To what extent the social changes in Germany between 1865 and 1890 were the result of Bismarck’s deliberate policies? Word count: 3,632 Abstract The social changes in Germany between 1865 and 1890 were the result of Bismarck’s clearly focused policies pursuing precise aims: the unification of Germany, Germany becoming an industrial power, destroying old geopolitical alliances and creating new ones, and provoking political actions. Even though Bismarck did not follow a general masterplan, he responded to particular issues like the unification of Germany, the Kulturkampf (“struggle for civilization”, in fact struggle against Catholicism), the growth of the Socialist movement, in a consistent manner and his various domestic policies were tightly connected with his tide-turning foreign policy. In this essay I use the method of breaking down different aspects of the social transformations in Germany and analyzing the causal links behind every single one of them. I find specific reasons for each of those significant changes and I am rather poised to think that those changes
