Internal Assessment: Camp David and Oslo Accords
Which peace process was more effective in attempting to resolve the Palestinian-Israeli conflict: the 1993 Oslo Accords or the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David in 2000? Libby Liang Kiana Yau Word Count: 1999 History Internal Assessment International Baccalaureate Programme Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School Mr. R. Picard May 2011 Table of Contents Section A: Plan of Investigation .............................................................. Page 1 Section B: Summary of Evidence ............................................................ Page 2 Section C: Evaluation of Sources ............................................................. Page 6 Section D: Analysis .............................................................................. Page 8 Section E: Conclusion ...........................................................................Page 11 Bibliography ...................................................................................... Page 12 Section A: Plan of Investigation This investigation seeks to determine which peace talk was more effective in attempting to resolve the Palestinian-Israel conflict: the 1993 Oslo Accords or the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David in 2000. To complete this investigation, related primary sources, secondary historian accounts, and biographies from a variety of perspectives will be analyzed and
Interwar Years: 1919-39
Interwar Years: 1919-39 * The Treaty of Versailles * The Ruhr Crisis * Locarno * The Great Depression and Threats to Collective Security THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES The "Diktat" * The German delegation was allowed no further say in the drawing up of the treaty after the terms were confirmed. However, they had no choice but to sign it, which they eventually did on June 28 1919. * The Germans attacked the treaty, calling it unfair on grounds of being a "diktat" or "dictated peace". * It was believed that the location and manner in which the signing ceremony was staged were designed to humiliate Germany, since the proclamation of the German Empire had occurred in the very same place in January 1871. The Terms Territory Lost * Alsace-Lorraine to France * West Prussia and Posen to Poland * North Schleswig to Denmark * Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium * Danzig had its port facilities given to Poland * The Saar was placed under the control of the League of Nations, with France controlling the mines. * Upper Silesia was partitioned with Poland receiving half the area and two thirds of the mines. Germans were particularly incensed by this. * Germany lost all of her colonies in Africa, China and the Pacific. * As a result of the treaty, around 8.5 million people who lived in Germany's seized territory lost their citizenship, despite being German speakers. * This
Historical Investigation
Historical Investigation For what reasons did the Japanese military influence the United States of America to resort to the use of the atomic bomb? Brandon Cornellius Clark Word count: 1907 Historical Investigation A. Plan of Investigation Question For what reasons did the United States resort to the use of nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki instead of an invasion of Japan? Method of Investigation The original battle strategy of ending the war in the Pacific during World War II was a joint operation invasion of Japan, lead by the United States. In previous engagements, the United States Marine Corps fought for each Japanese occupied island to gain control in the Pacific. In each battle, the Marines would fight against devoted Japanese soldiers who were willing to defend their positions until death, creating an immense challenge for the Marines. With the capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the United States military forces would have the first stepping stones for the invasion of mainland Japan. But the United States would soon they miscalculated one thing: the determinism of the Japanese defenders. At the battle of Iwo Jima, almost all the Japanese defenders were killed in the battle, only leaving 100 of Japanese defenders alive. The battle for Okinawa eventually cost 49,000 American lives, and 110,000 Japanese casualties. To slow the advance of the Americans,
Bismark's Germany
The Great War (1914-1918) • Industrial mass slaughter - battles of attrition • Attrition: outlasting & outproducing your enemies was essential (U.S. is most dominant industrial country - American manpower & machinery contributes greatly to the side of the Triple Entente/the Allies) • Rare - none of the primary nations (except Germany) had war aims when war started, they were manufactured by the mobilizations of the other countries • Germany fought to protect their country and expand their empire • France, Britain, & Russia were mainly defensive in their movements but had no idea why there was an outbreak of war • Total war - civilians and non-combatants fought (war feeling were felt by everyone, not just soldiers) (no distinction between civilians and soldiers - everyone suffered) • Government took over control of economy • Rations of food & steel etc. • Censorship/Propaganda - no freedom of speech • Women work in factories to produce weapons; Farmers grow food for soldiers • Is a civilian working in a factory producing bullets a target for war? • Is it justifiable to starve to death a civilian population that is designing weapons for murdering others? (British stops all trade routes into Germany which causes many deaths) • Technology was not decisive, the war was prolonged (unlike the advanced technology in WW2 - bombs, aircrafts etc)
Prohibition: an inevitable failure?
Patrick Gilbert MYP4a MP4 History. Focus Question: 'Prohibition: an inevitable failure?' Areas of Interaction: - Approaches to Learning (working with sources) - Health and Social Education In 1920 Prohibition came into effect in the United States. The making, selling and transporting of alcohol were banned. Thousands of illegal stills and millions of gallons of wine and spirits were destroyed but Prohibition also led to a vast increase on organized crime. In 1933 it was clear that Prohibition had failed and it was brought to an end nationally although a few states continued with their own ban on alcohol. Was the failure of Prohibition inevitable? The assignment: Study the sources and then answer all the questions which follow. You must use your own knowledge of the period to interpret and evaluate the sources. Where you are asked to use specific sources you must do so to score high marks. You may use any of the sources to help you answer the questions, in addition to those sources to which you are specifically directed. You will spend three lessons to answer these questions in class. Then type your answers at home. Please, print one question per page. The due date is: 14 / 4 / 2009 . Study sources A and B. How far do these two accounts agree about the causes and the consequences of Prohibition? Both sources A and B discuss the causes of Prohibition,
Discuss the short and long term consequences of the Indian Mutiny 1857
Discuss the short and long term consequences of the Indian Mutiny 1857 The Indian Mutiny brought a lot of changes to the Indian society even though it failed as a revolution for independence. It would be 90 years before the Indians get their independence. The mutiny had both short and long term consequences; I think that short term consequences are changes that happen up till three years after the mutiny (1860). I will talk about the short term consequences first and then the long term consequences. After the mutiny the British realized they had to take more control, therefore they abolished the East India Company, brought the Mughal Empire to an end and declared Queen Victoria the ruler of India. This meant that Britain took over all territories owned by the East India Company. Then negotiations with the princes started and Britain tried to get all provinces under indirect control. The relationship between the Indians and the queen was considerable warm. Queen Victoria had a special affection for India and had a personal Indian advisor. The Indian people welcomed the direct rule and in 1877 this lead to the Queen announced Empress of India. The British army in India was before the mutiny mostly sepoys, there was a ratio of 1 British soldier for every ninth sepoy. The British saw this as a problem and reduced the amount of sepoys with 40% and raised the amount of British
Proxy Wars during the Cold War
Victor Fung IB History November 17, 2008 Proxy Wars during the Cold War In the past, proxy wars have been fought through the use of third parties in order to prevent a full-scale war. During the Cold War, the need to prevent such a full-scale war became extremely important due to the fear of mutually assured destruction. Instances such as the Greek civil war, Korean War, Cuban Revolution, Vietnam War, Bay of Pigs, Afghan Soviet war, Angolan Civil War, were all examples of such proxy wars between the Soviet and the American sides. In a proxy war, either side would strive to implement their own form of government, which would then serve as a beacon for similar revolutions in the region. In addition, such proxy wars were also a test of economic capacity for either the Americans or the Soviets. Thus, these wars were fought to great effect during the Cold War and had long lasting consequences for either side. For wars such as the Greek civil war, the Cuban revolution, and other similar revolutions, the Americans and the Soviets did not advocate direct intervention. For example, the Truman Doctrine allowed American aid and materiel to be sent to pro-Capitalist Greek and Turkish supporters, rather than direct military involvement. This is similarly done by the Soviets, who sent aid to countries such as Cuba in the form of oil and other resources to support the economy, as well
Why was Stalin successful in becoming the next leader of the USSR?
Why was Stalin successful in becoming the next leader of the USSR? Stalin was successful in becoming the new leader of the USSR for many complex reasons. Firstly, the divisions within the party, made his task of eliminating people less complicated, he only had individuals, not groups of people against him. Moreover he knew perfectly how to manipulate people on his behalf and also how to gain supporters and how to get out of the way his opponents. But one of the main factors for his success was that members of the party did not realize that Stalin was to be more than the General Secretariat they saw him as a treat when it was too late. The personality of Stalin was quite important for his emerging as a leader of the Soviet Union. His understanding of Marxism was not excellent; however he had other qualities that helped him through his rise to power. Stalin was very determinate, he knew what he wanted and also he could visualize how to achieve it. Also he was able to use the structure of the party for his success because he knew how everything worked since he had much experience in many roles. However it did not matter how he would achieve whatever he wanted. One of his main characteristics is that he was ruthless and cruel. He could do whatever he needed to meet his objectives and that is exactly what Lenin did not like from him, as he wrote in his testament. In 1922, after
Absolutism DBQ
Both Louis XIV and Charles I attempted to create an absolute monarchy Absolute Monarchy is a type of monarchy in which the monarch attempts to make royal power dominant over regional authorities such as aristocracies. Monarchs that abided by this theory typically also subscribed to the theory of the Divine Right of Kings. The Divine Right stated that kings were not subject to earthly authority and only God could judge kings since God had picked the kings, which in effect allowed the kings to do what they wished during their reign. Although both subscribed to the theory of Divine Right, as well as attempt to bring religious unity, and both loved art and architecture, Louis XIV successfully managed to centralize his government while Charles I failed to centralize his government due to the fact that he failed to give his nobles a sense of power. Also Louis listened to his people, though specifically his nobles, while Charles disregarded his nobles and did not care about them. This is how Louis succeeded in creating a central monarchy - he managed to give his nobles a sense that they had power through the multiple committees he created as well as listening to his nobles' complaints and because Charles had done the opposite he failed in creating an absolute monarchy. Both kings attempted to bring religious unity to their respective countries. Document 5 was written by Louis XIV
Bismarck's policies success
"Bismarck pursued a successful foreign policy between 1871 and 1890 but was often defeated on domestic issues". To what extent do you agree with this statement? Jude Batayneh Once Germany was unified, Bismarck mainly wanted to prevent any challenges against the new European order and to unite the new German state, which faced much domestic opposition and great suspicion from the rest of Europe, rather than seek further territory or fight more wars. As Chancellor from 1871 - 1890, Bismarck provided continuity and stability on one hand, and reflected his own restless and suspicious nature through his predominance on the other. Part of Bismarck's foreign policy in which he was successful in achieving was the weakening and isolation of France. The former objective was attained by the peace settlement imposed on France by the Treaty of Frankfurt, which included a large war indemnity. The five main powers in Europe were Great Britain, Russia, France, Austria- Hungary and Germany. Bismarck wanted to form an alliance with at least two of them in order to isolate France. The isolation of France was more difficult yet also attained. First of all, Britain would not present Bismarck with any problems as it was more concerned with her empire than with the rest of Europe. Also, Britain was more pro-German than pro-French. Second of all, in fear of a future two-front war, Bismarck managed
